[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bad-breisig-final-palaeolithic-site\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bad-breisig-final-palaeolithic-site\/","headline":"Bad Breisig (Final Palaeolithic site)","name":"Bad Breisig (Final Palaeolithic site)","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Breisig Shown within Rhineland-Palatinate Show map of Rhineland-Palatinate Bad Breisig (Final Palaeolithic site) (Germany)","datePublished":"2020-06-25","dateModified":"2020-06-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Rhineland-Palatinate_relief_location_map.svg\/250px-Rhineland-Palatinate_relief_location_map.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Rhineland-Palatinate_relief_location_map.svg\/250px-Rhineland-Palatinate_relief_location_map.svg.png","height":"332","width":"250"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bad-breisig-final-palaeolithic-site\/","wordCount":1849,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBad BreisigShown within Rhineland-PalatinateShow map of Rhineland-PalatinateBad Breisig (Final Palaeolithic site) (Germany)Show map of GermanyLocationBad BreisigTypePalaeolithic sitePeriodsFinal PalaeolithicCulturesFedermesser-GruppenDiscovered1999Excavation\u00a0datesAutumn 2000 and spring 2001ArchaeologistsGeorg WaldmannBad Breisig is an archaeological site in Germany.Table of ContentsHistory of investigation[edit]Setting, profile and dating[edit]Archaeological results[edit]References[edit]History of investigation[edit]In 1999 Georg Waldmann discovered an archaeological find scatter in the profile of a gravel quarry in the so-called Golden Mile (Schirmer 1990), north of Bad Breisig. Due to typical lithic specimens the concentration is attributed to the Final Palaeolithic Federmesser-Gruppen (Waldmann \/ J\u00f6ris \/ Baales 2001). Excavations were conducted in autumn 2000 and spring 2001 on behalf of the local office for the preservation of cultural heritage in Koblenz by the department for Palaeolithic Studies of the Romano-Germanic Central Museum (Mainz). These works yielded a concentration of burnt lithic and faunal material around a hearth of which approximately 50% were preserved (Grimm 2004). The archaeological assemblage and the site were analysed in a M.A. thesis at the Institute for Prehistory at the University of Cologne, supervised by Gerhard Bosinski, in close cooperation with department of Palaeolithic Studies at Schloss Monrepos (Neuwied, meanwhile: MONREPOS) where the finds are stored until today.Setting, profile and dating[edit]The archaeological site was placed on a lower terrace of the Rhine (\u201cNiederterrasse\u201d (lower terrace) 2 = NT2, Schirmer 1990; Baales et al. 2001). West of the site the terrain slopes abruptly down by some 10 m to the modern floodplain of the Rhine. The finds were recovered from slack water deposits (\u201eHochflutlehm\u201c) which were overlaying material from the Laacher See volcanic eruption which is dated to the late Aller\u00f8d (ca. 11.000 v. Chr.; Baales et al. 2002). The onset of the incision of the Rhine to the next terrace (NT3) was generally assumed to start instantly after the volcanic eruption due to the high amount of pumice in the terrace deposits (Schirmer 1990). Thus, the formation of the slack water deposits containing the archaeological finds can be set to the transition from the Aller\u00f8d to the Younger Dryas. The settlement of the site is dated to the last part of the Aller\u00f8d (Greenland Interstadial 1a, Lowe et al. 2008) based on the stratigraphic position of the assemblage, the temperate fauna (Baales et al. 2001) and the dominantly coniferous species determined by charcoal analysis (Waldmann et al. 2001). One of three 14C measurements dated to the transition between the Aller\u00f8d and the Younger Dryas, whereas the other two samples delivering considerably younger results suffered from presumable contaminations (Baales et al. 2001).Archaeological results[edit]No other Final Palaeolithic site except Bad Breisig is thus far known from the time after the Laacher See eruption in the Central Rhineland, whereas from time before the volcanic eruption several, well preserved sites were found (Baales 2002). The assemblage from Bad Breisig shows no significant changes to the remains of the well known Federmesser-Gruppen sites from before the eruption: The structure of the site (dense concentration around a hearth), the activities performed on the site (knapping \/ working place, subsistence related activities) as well as the exploitation of resources (pinewood used as fuel; generally red, occasionally roe deer as alimentary resource; mainly local Tertiary Quartzite, more scarcely Flint from at least 100\u00a0km distance were used in the production of Stone tools) and even the origins of the lithic raw materials are similar (Grimm 2004). An indication for a younger development of the finds is given by small lithic bladelets with lateral and terminal retouch, which also occurred in France during the late Aller\u00f8d and which became a dominant type (the so-called Malaurie points) during the Younger Dryas. Thus, for the Central Rhineland the Final Palaeolithic site of Bad Breisig is evidence for a rapid return and resumption of traditional behaviour patterns of Lateglacial hunter-gatherers after the devastating natural hazard of the Laacher See eruption.References[edit]M. Baales: \u2019\u2019Der sp\u00e4tpal\u00e4olithische Fundplatz Kettig. Untersuchungen zur Siedlungsarch\u00e4ologie der Federmesser-Gruppen am Mittelrhein.\u2019\u2019 Monographie des R\u00f6misch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 51. Verlag des R\u00f6misch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz, 2002, ISBN\u00a09783884670729.M. Baales, S. Grimm, O. J\u00f6ris: Hunters of the “Golden Mile”. The late Aller\u00f8d Federmessergruppen Site at Bad Breisig, Central Rhineland, Germany\u2019\u2019 In: Notae Prehistoricae\u2019\u2019 21, 2001, p. 67-72.M. Baales, O. J\u00f6ris, M. Street, F. Bittmann, B. Weninger, J. Wiethold: \u2018\u2019Impact of the Late Glacial Eruption of the Laacher See Volcano, Central Rhineland, Germany.\u2019\u2019 In: \u2018\u2019Quaternary Research\u2019\u2019 58, 2002, p. 273\u2013288.S. B. Grimm: \u2019\u2019Ein sp\u00e4taller\u00f8dzeitlicher Fundplatz bei Bad Breisig, Kreis Ahrweiler.\u2019\u2019 In: \u2019\u2019Berichte zur Arch\u00e4ologie an Mittelrhein und Mosel\u2019\u2019 9, 2004, p. 11-32.J. J. Lowe, S. O. Rasmussen, S. Bj\u00f6rck, W. Z. Hoek, J. P. Steffensen, M. J. C. Walker, Z. C. Yu, INTIMATE Group: \u2018\u2019Synchronisation of palaeoenvironmental events in the North Atlantic region during the Last Termination: a revised protocol recommended by the INTIMATE group.\u2019\u2019 In: \u2018\u2019Quaternary Science Reviews\u2019\u2019 27, 2008, p. 6-17.W. Schirmer: \u2019\u2019Die Goldene Meile.\u2019\u2019 In: Schirmer, W. (Hrsg.): \u2019\u2019Rheingeschichte zwischen Mosel und Maas.\u2019\u2019 Deutsche Quart\u00e4rvereinigung, Hannover, 1990, ISBN\u00a09783926963048, p. 94-98 (\u2019\u2019Deuqua-F\u00fchrer\u2019\u2019 1, \u2019\u2019Exkursionen der 25. wissenschaftlichen Tagung der Deutschen Quart\u00e4rvereinigung (DEUQUA), 9. – 16. September 1990, D\u00fcsseldorf.\u2019\u2019).G. Waldmann, O. J\u00f6ris, M. Baales: \u2019\u2019Nach der Flut. Ein sp\u00e4taller\u00f8dzeitlicher R\u00fcckenspitzen-Fundplatz bei Bad Breisig.\u2019\u2019 In: \u2019\u2019Arch\u00e4ologisches Korrespondenzblatt\u2019\u2019 31, 2001, p.\u00a0173-184.Coordinates: 50\u00b031\u203248\u2033N 7\u00b017\u203207\u2033E\ufeff \/ \ufeff50.53000\u00b0N 7.28528\u00b0E\ufeff \/ 50.53000; 7.28528  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bad-breisig-final-palaeolithic-site\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Bad Breisig (Final Palaeolithic site)"}}]}]