[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bone-marrow-derived-macrophage-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bone-marrow-derived-macrophage-wikipedia\/","headline":"Bone marrow-derived macrophage – Wikipedia","name":"Bone marrow-derived macrophage – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) refers to macrophage cells that are generated in a research","datePublished":"2019-10-25","dateModified":"2019-10-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/BMDM_production.png\/220px-BMDM_production.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/BMDM_production.png\/220px-BMDM_production.png","height":"124","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bone-marrow-derived-macrophage-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":2877,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) refers to macrophage cells that are generated in a research laboratory from mammalian bone marrow cells.[1][2][3] BMDMs can differentiate into mature macrophages in the presence of growth factors and other signaling molecules.[1][2] Undifferentiated bone marrow cells are cultured in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; CSF-1).[3] M-CSF is a cytokine and growth factor that is responsible for the proliferation and commitment of myeloid progenitors into monocytes (which then mature into macrophages).[3][4] Macrophages have a wide variety of functions in the body including phagocytosis of foreign invaders and other cellular debris, releasing cytokines to trigger immune responses, and antigen presentation.[2] BMDMs provide a large homogenous population of macrophages that play an increasingly important role in making macrophage-related research possible and financially feasible.[5]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Production[edit]  Schema of in vitro BMDM productionIn order to produce BMDMs, mesenchymal stem cells are removed from the tibia or femur of mice.[6] Since BMDMs are derived from bone marrow, withdrawn cells are healthy and na\u00efve (or unactivated), regardless of the condition of donor mice.[5] After removal, stem-cells are incubated with CSF-1.[6] Without CSF-1, the cells enter an inactive state but can reinitiate growth and differentiation if stimulated later.[6] Mature macrophages and fibroblasts, which may carry unwanted growth factors, are removed.[6] Next, IL-3 and IL-1, two growth factors, are often added to increase yield and promote rapid terminal differentiation.[6] Exogenous media containing growth factors and other serums must also be added to make the cells continually viable.[6] Full growth and differentiation take approximately 5\u20138 days.[6]Millions of BMDMs can be derived from one mouse and frozen for years. After being thawed BMDMs can respond to a variety of stimuli such as LPS, IFN-\u03b3, PAMPs, NF-\u03baB, and IRF3.[1][5][7] These signals induce translation of genes that produce cytokines and determine if macrophages are M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory).[2] If BMDMs are not frozen, they age and become less viable as CSF-1 and growth factors in their media decreases.[1]Proliferation of BMDMs can also be inhibited by a number of reagents.[6] For example, growth and differentiation is dependent on CSF-1 and a functional CSF-1 receptor, a member of the tyrosine kinase family.[6] Without a functional CSF-1 receptors, stem cells cannot respond to CSF-1 stimuli and therefore cannot differentiate; interferons can cause a down regulation of the CSF-1 receptor.[6] Additionally, without stimuli like LPS to induce macrophage maturation to M1 or M2, mice accumulate a large pool of monocytes, the precursor cells to macrophages, which are less helpful for macrophage-specific research[6]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4References[edit]^ a b c d Barrett JP, Costello DA, O’Sullivan J, Cowley TR, Lynch MA (April 2015). “Bone marrow-derived macrophages from aged rats are more responsive to inflammatory stimuli”. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 12 (1): 67. doi:10.1186\/s12974-015-0287-7. PMC\u00a04397943. PMID\u00a025890218.^ a b c d Li, Yue; Niu, Shixian; Xi, Dalin; Zhao, Shuqi; Sun, Jiang; Jiang, Yong; Liu, Jinghua (2019). “Differences in Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Inflammatory Response Between Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages”. Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 39 (6): 375\u2013382. doi:10.1089\/jir.2018.0167. ISSN\u00a01557-7465. PMID\u00a030990360.^ a b c Weischenfeldt J, Porse B (December 2008). “Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMM): Isolation and Applications”. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2008 (12): pdb.prot5080. doi:10.1101\/pdb.prot5080. PMID\u00a021356739.^ Hamilton, Thomas A.; Zhao, Chenyang; Pavicic, Paul G.; Datta, Shyamasree (2014-11-21). “Myeloid Colony-Stimulating Factors as Regulators of Macrophage Polarization”. Frontiers in Immunology. 5: 554. doi:10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00554. ISSN\u00a01664-3224. PMC\u00a04240161. PMID\u00a025484881.^ a b c Marim, Fernanda M.; Silveira, Tatiana N.; Lima, Djalma S.; Zamboni, Dario S. (2010-12-17). “A method for generation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from cryopreserved mouse bone marrow cells”. PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e15263. Bibcode:2010PLoSO…515263M. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0015263. ISSN\u00a01932-6203. PMC\u00a03003694. PMID\u00a021179419.^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hume, D. A.; Allan, W.; Fabrus, B.; Weidemann, M. J.; Hapel, A. J.; Bartelmez, S. (1987). “Regulation of proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages”. Lymphokine Research. 6 (2): 127\u2013139. ISSN\u00a00277-6766. PMID\u00a03035291.^ Oppong-Nonterah, Gertrude O.; Lakhdari, Omar; Yamamura, Asami; Hoffman, Hal M.; Prince, Lawrence S. (2019). “TLR Activation Alters Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Differentiation”. Journal of Innate Immunity. 11 (1): 99\u2013108. doi:10.1159\/000494070. ISSN\u00a01662-8128. PMC\u00a06296861. PMID\u00a030408777.       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