[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouchales-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouchales-wikipedia\/","headline":"Bouchal\u00e8s – Wikipedia","name":"Bouchal\u00e8s – Wikipedia","description":"Varietal Bouchal\u00e8s or Grapput is a red French wine grape variety that is grown primarily in Bordeaux and Southwest France","datePublished":"2019-02-02","dateModified":"2019-02-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/La_Nature_-_1873_-_Fig._3_Phyllox%C3%A9ra_-_p021.png\/220px-La_Nature_-_1873_-_Fig._3_Phyllox%C3%A9ra_-_p021.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/La_Nature_-_1873_-_Fig._3_Phyllox%C3%A9ra_-_p021.png\/220px-La_Nature_-_1873_-_Fig._3_Phyllox%C3%A9ra_-_p021.png","height":"216","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouchales-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":1718,"articleBody":"VarietalBouchal\u00e8s or Grapput is a red French wine grape variety that is grown primarily in Bordeaux and Southwest France wine appellations. Plantings have declined in recent years as the vine has shown high sensitivity to downy mildew and black rot.[1]Old vine plantings of Bouchal\u00e8s that more than a 100 years exist at Ch\u00e2teau de la Vieille-Chapelle in the Fronsac AOC located just northwest of the city of Libourne in the “Right Bank” region of Bordeaux.[2] These vines are believed to be some of the oldest vines in Bordeaux (where only 27% of the vines average more than 30 years age [3]), having likely survived the phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century due to the ancient Libournais practice of flooding the vineyards in winter which would disrupt the nymph stage in the life cycle of phylloxera.[4]Table of ContentsHistory and origins[edit]Viticulture[edit]Wine regions[edit]Confusion with other grape varieties[edit]Synonyms[edit]References[edit]History and origins[edit]  The ancient Libournais tradition of flooding the vineyards in winter may have helped century-plus old vines of Bouchal\u00e8s survive the phylloxera epidemic, due to the flood waters disrupting the nymph stage (pictured right) in the life cycle of the phylloxera louse.French ampelographer Guy Lavignac has theorized that the name Bouchal\u00e8s comes from the Occitan word boish meaning “box tree” and could refer to the way that the Bouchal\u00e8s vine in full foliage resembles a box shape. However, Master of Wine Jancis Robinson notes that many Vitis vinifera grapevines resemble boxes, and since Bouchal\u00e8s is a common surname in the Lot-et-Garonne region, it is likely that the grape took on the name of one of its propagators.[4]In the Dordogne region, Bouchal\u00e8s is also known as Bouissalet; this has led some ampelographers to believe that the grape could be a dark color mutation of the white wine grape Arrufiac which is known as Bouissalet in the Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh region, but DNA testing has ruled out a connection between the two varieties.[4]Documents from 1783-1784 described Bouchal\u00e8s being widely planted throughout southwest France (the Sud-ouest), particularly in the Lot-et-Garonne, Gers, and Dordogne departments. Vineyards in Agen, Auch, Estillac, Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy-de-Bellegarde, and Tonneins were particularly noted for Bouchal\u00e8s growing well there and producing deeply colored “black wine” of good quality.[4]Like many Vitis vinifera varieties, plantings of Bouchal\u00e8s were decimated during the phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century. The fact that Bouchal\u00e8s experienced difficulties in taking the grafting of American rootstock (like Vitis riparia and Vitis rupestris) also contributed to its decline. However, in 2009 a Libournais vineyard belonging to Ch\u00e2teau de la Vieille Chapelle was discovered to contain ungrafted Bouchal\u00e8s vines over 100 years old. Wine expert Jancis Robinson and others have speculated that these vines survived the phylloxera epidemic due to the frequent winter flood irrigation of the vineyards that was a tradition of Libournais viticulture for many centuries. This flooding with waters from the nearby river Dordogne would disrupt the life cycle of the phylloxera louse by inhibiting its growth during its nymph stage.[4]Viticulture[edit]Bouchal\u00e8s is a productive vine that can create full foliage and high yields if not severely pruned. It has a tendency to bud early and ripen mid-season. The main viticultural hazards for Bouchal\u00e8s, beyond its difficulty to take to grafted rootstocks, is its susceptibility to black rot.[4]Wine regions[edit]  Southwest France where the Bouchal\u00e8s grape is found. Most of the plantings today are along the Garonne river.Scattered plantings of Bouchal\u00e8s can be found throughout southwest France with the majority found following the path of the Garonne river. In 1958 there were 12,355 acres (5,000 hectare) but by 2008 that figure had dipped to only 272 acres (110 hectares).[4]Confusion with other grape varieties[edit]Over the years Bouchal\u00e8s has often been confused with other grapevines due to either similarity in appearance or synonyms. This includes the M\u00e9rille grape of the Garonne that is also grown in the Ari\u00e8ge department where historic plantings of Bouchal\u00e8s once were. Also in the Garone it has been confused for C\u00f4t, the local name for the ancient Bordeaux variety Malbec.[4]Synonyms[edit]Over the years Bouchal\u00e8s has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Aubet, Bouchal\u00e8s Chedy, Bouchalets (in Lot-et-Garonne), Bouchar\u00e8s, Bouchedey, Boucher\u00e8s (in Dordogne), Bouissalet (in Dordogne), Bouscal\u00e8s, Bouscar\u00e8s, Bouyssalet, Capbreton Rouge, Cayla, Crapput, Craput, Cujas, Esparbasque, Grappu, Grapput (in Gironde), Gros de Judith, Gros grappu, Gros Marthy, Gros Marty, Gros maure, Gros Mol, Jeanjean, N\u00e9grasse, Picardan, Picardan noir, Piquardan, Plant Touzau, Prolongeau, Prueras, Prueyras, Queuefort, Sensit Rouge, Toussan and Touzan.[5]References[edit]^ J. Robinson Vines, Grapes & Wines pg 204 Mitchell Beazley 1986 ISBN\u00a01-85732-999-6^ Nick Stephens “Old Grape Discovered in Bordeaux Archived February 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine” Bordeaux Undiscovered, February 15th, 2010^ Wine Mega Bordeaux: A Few Statistical Figures“ Bordeaux News, January 2004^ a b c d e f g h J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz Wine Grapes – A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours pg 128, Allen Lane 2012 ISBN\u00a0978-1-846-14446-2^ Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) Bouchal\u00e8s Archived 2012-04-05 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: March 19th, 2013"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouchales-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Bouchal\u00e8s – Wikipedia"}}]}]