[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouyei-language-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouyei-language-wikipedia\/","headline":"Bouyei language – Wikipedia","name":"Bouyei language – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Northern Tai language of Southern China after-content-x4 The Bouyei language (autonym: Haausqyaix, also spelled Buyi, Buyei or Puyi;[2]Chinese: \u5e03\u4f9d\u8bed;","datePublished":"2014-10-01","dateModified":"2014-10-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/Incubator-logo.svg\/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/Incubator-logo.svg\/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png","height":"40","width":"32"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouyei-language-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":8710,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Northern Tai language of Southern China       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The Bouyei language (autonym: Haausqyaix, also spelled Buyi, Buyei or Puyi;[2]Chinese: \u5e03\u4f9d\u8bed; pinyin: B\u00f9y\u012by\u01d4; Vietnamese: ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed1 Y or ti\u1ebfng Gi\u00e1y) is a language spoken by the Bouyei ethnic group[3] of Southern Guizhou Province, China. Classified as a member of the Northern Tai group in the Tai language branch of the Tai\u2013Kadai language family, the language has over 2.5 million native speakers and is also used by the Giay people (Vietnamese: Gi\u00e1y) in some parts of Vietnam. There are native speakers living in France or the United States as well, which emigrated from China or Vietnam. About 98% of the native speakers are in China.[2]Bouyei’s characteristics are similar to the other members of its language branch.  It is generally monosyllabic and word order and particles are the main forms of grammar. Bouyei’s syllable initials match up closely to the other Northern Tai languages, with relatively fast simplification and merging. Bouyei sentences can be shown to contain many different levels of phrasing.The contemporary Bouyei script was developed after the abandonment of the Bouyei-Zhuang Script Alliance Policy in 1981 and was designed from 1981 to 1985. It is focused and phonologically representative and takes the Wangmo County dialect as its foundation.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsDistribution[edit]China[edit]Vietnam[edit]Laos[edit]Phonology[edit]Consonants[edit]Vowels and diphthongs[edit]Tones[edit]Language shift[edit]Scripts[edit]Ancient Bouyei script[edit]Old Modern Bouyei[edit]Current Bouyei script[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Distribution[edit]China[edit]According to a 1950s survey performed by the Chinese government, the Bouyei language as spoken in Guizhou can be divided into three general dialect groups (Snyder 2008).[1]The Southern Guizhou (Qian) group \u2013 the largest of the three \u2013 from the Qianxinan Bouyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, which is mostly intelligible with the Guibian and Guibei Zhuang dialects. This vernacular is spoken in the counties of Wangmo, Ceheng, Luodian, Dushan, Libo, Duyun, Pingtang, Zhenfeng, Anlong, Xingren, and Xinyi.The Central Guizhou (Qian) group \u2013 next most spoken of the three \u2013 which is spread throughout Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and the suburbs of Guiyang, and is partially intelligible with the Southern Guizhou dialects (it is very similar to the Zhuang dialects of northern Guangxi). This vernacular is spoken in the counties of Longli, Guiding, Qingzhen, Pingba, Kaiyang, Guiyang, and Anshun.The Western Guizhou (Qian) dialects \u2013 the least spoken of the three \u2013 which is spoken in the counties of Zhenning, Guanling, Ziyun, Qinglong, Pu’an, Liuzhi, Panxian, Shuicheng, Bijie, and Weining. The western dialects show more unique features than the other two groups. Some western dialects have aspirated stops, which is an uncommon feature in northern Tai languages (Snyder 2008).Wu, Snyder, & Liang (2007) is the most comprehensive Bouyei survey to date, and covers the following data points.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Qiannan Bouyei and Miao Autonomous PrefectureGuyang, Changshun County (\u9f13\u626c\u9547)Nanzhai, Dushan County (\u96be\u5be8\u6751)Jichang, Dushan County (\u57fa\u957f\u9547)Fuxi, Duyun County (\u5bcc\u6eaa\u6751)Gonggu Township, Guiding County (\u5de9\u56fa\u4e61), now mergedDanggu, Huishui County (\u515a\u53e4\u6751)Fucun, Libo County (\u798f\u6751)Yangchang, Longli County (\u7f8a\u573a\u9547)Luokun, Luodian County (\u7f57\u7538\u53bf\u7f57\u6083)Poqiu, Luodian County (\u7f57\u7538\u53bf\u5761\u7403)Xiliang Township, Pingtang County (\u897f\u51c9\u4e61), now mergedZhangbu Township, Pingtang County (\u638c\u5e03\u4e61)Qianxinan Bouyei and Miao Autonomous PrefectureAnshun CityLiuzhi Special DistrictThe Yei Zhuang varieties of Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan are closely related to the Bouyei varieties of Guizhou. Many other languages outside China with the names “Yei”, “Yay”, “Yoy”, are also closely related.Vietnam[edit]Bouyei is also spoken in northern Vietnam by several groups, the Bouyei people of Muong Khuong District of L\u00e0o Cai Province and in Quan Ba District of Ha Giang Province and the Gi\u00e1y.[4] Edmondson and Gregerson (2001) has determined their language to be most similar to the Bouyei dialects of southwest Guizhou. The Gi\u00e1y are an officially recognized group in Vietnam who now number nearly 50,000. Some household registries of the Gi\u00e1y of Vietnam indicate that their ancestors had left Guizhou 160 years ago during the Qing dynasty, and traveled overland to southern Yunnan and then Vietnam (Edmondson & Gregerson 2001). This coincides with the Miao Rebellion (1854\u201373) of Guizhou. The Gi\u00e1y are found in the following locations of Vietnam.[5]Some Gi\u00e0y are in Y\u00ean B\u00e1i Province.The Gi\u00e1y of M\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng District of L\u00e0o Cai who call themselves Tu D\u00ed [thu zi] can only speak a form of Chinese, and no Gi\u00e1y. Their autonym comes from their ancestral place of origin, which is Duyun of Guizhou province, China. According to their household records, they had arrived in Maguan County and in Honghe Prefecture about 200 years ago. Similarly, some Gi\u00e1y of Vietnam report that they have relatives still living in Hekou, Yunnan province, China (Edmondson & Gregerson 2001).The Pu N\u1ea3 people of Tam \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng District, Lai Ch\u00e2u Province, Vietnam call themselves the V\u1ea7n N\u1ea3 (with v\u1ea7n meaning ‘people’), and number about 5,000 individuals (L\u00f2 2012:11\u201320).[6] They are also called Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u (Guizhou \u8d35\u5dde), Sa Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u, C\u1ee7i Chu, Pu Y, or P\u00e2u Th\u00ecn. The Pu N\u1ea3 live in the following villages of Tam \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng District (L\u00f2 2012:18).B\u1ea3n Giang communeb\u1ea3n Coc Pab\u1ea3n Giangb\u1ea3n N\u00e0 B\u1ecfb\u1ea3n N\u00e0 S\u00e0ib\u1ea3n N\u00e0 C\u01a1b\u1ea3n T\u1ea9n Ph\u1ee7 Nhi\u00eauTh\u00e8n Xin communeb\u1ea3n L\u1edf Th\u00e0ngTh\u00e8n XinSan Th\u00e0ng communeb\u1ea3n T\u1ea3 Xin Ch\u1ea3iX\u00e9o Xin Ch\u1ea3iPhan L\u1ec9nThe Yay language described by William J. Gedney is in fact the Gi\u00e1y dialect of M\u01b0\u1eddng Hum, B\u00e1t X\u00e1t District, L\u00e0o Cai (Edmondson & Gregerson 2001). There are also other related Northern Tai languages spoken in Vietnam as well, such B\u1ed1 Y, Nhang, and Quy Ch\u00e2u (possibly closely related to Tai M\u00e8ne of Laos). The B\u1ed1 Y had originally came from around Wangmo County in southwestern Guizhou. Some subgroups of B\u1ed1 Y call themselves the Pu Na or Pu Thin, meaning ‘people of the paddy field’.Laos[edit]There are also some speakers in Laos. In Laos, the Gi\u00e1y people are called Yang, which is also used four various Rau peoples living there.The Yang people, also spelled Nhang, are located in Louang Namtha Province, Oudomxay Province and Phongsaly Province. This three provinces are bordered by Yunnan, and one border Vietnam.Phonology[edit]Consonants[edit]The Bouyei script recognizes 32 consonants, with names formed by the consonant in an initial position followed by a long “a” vowel.Pink: p, t, k, q, z, and c are used only to write Chinese loanwords.Beige: sl and hr are used for sounds that occur only in certain dialects.V is pronounced as a [w] before a “u”.An absent consonant may produce a glottal sound \/\u0294\/. \/\u0294\/ is also heard as a final sound.Vowels and diphthongs[edit]Bouyei has 77 vowels and diphthongs.“Level” syllablesa \/a\/o \/o\/ee \/e\/~[\u025b]i \/i\/u \/u\/e \/\u026f\/~[\u0268]aai \/a\u02d0i\/ai \/\u0250i\/oi \/oi\/ei \/\u026fi\/aau \/a\u02d0u\/au \/\u0250u\/eeu \/eu\/iu \/iu\/ae \/\u0250\u026f\/ie \/i\u0259\/ue \/u\u0259\/ea \/\u026f\u0259\/aam \/a\u02d0m\/am \/\u0250m\/oom \/om\/om \/\u0254m\/eem \/em\/iam \/i\u0259m\/im \/im\/uam \/u\u0259m\/um \/um\/eam \/\u026f\u0259m\/aan \/a\u02d0n\/an \/\u0250n\/oon \/on\/on \/\u0254n\/een \/en\/ian \/i\u0259n\/in \/in\/uan \/u\u0259n\/un \/un\/ean \/\u026f\u0259n\/en \/\u026fn\/~[\u0259n]aang \/a\u02d0\u014b\/ang \/\u0250\u014b\/oong \/o\u014b\/ong \/\u0254\u014b\/eeng \/e\u014b\/iang \/i\u0259\u014b\/ing \/i\u014b\/uang \/u\u0259\u014b\/ung \/u\u014b\/eang \/\u026f\u0259\u014b\/eng \/\u026f\u014b\/~[\u0259\u014b]“Entering” syllablesaab \/a\u02d0p\/ab \/\u0250p\/oob \/op\/ob \/\u0254p\/eeb \/ep\/iab \/i\u0259p\/ib \/ip\/uab \/u\u0259p\/ub \/up\/eab \/\u026f\u0259p\/aad \/a\u02d0t\/ad \/\u0250t\/ood \/ot\/od \/\u0254t\/eed \/et\/iad \/i\u0259t\/id \/it\/uad \/u\u0259t\/ud \/ut\/ead \/\u026f\u0259t\/ed \/\u026ft\/~[\u0259t]ag \/\u0250k\/og \/\u0254k\/eeg \/ek\/ig \/ik\/ug \/uk\/eg \/\u026fk\/~[\u0259k]The endings er \/\u025a\/, ao \/au\/, ou \/\u0259u\/, ia \/ia\/, io \/io\/, iao \/i\u0250u\/, ua \/ua\/, uai \/u\u0250i\/, and ui \/ui\/ are used in writing Chinese loanwords.Vowels \/i u\/ may also have allophones of [\u026a \u028a].Another vowel sound [\u00e6] may occur phonemically in the dialects of Anshun, Qinglong, Shuicheng, Zhenning, and Ziyun.Tones[edit]Bouyei has six tones, corresponding to the eight sheng of Middle Chinese: all six in open syllables or with a final \/n\/ or \/\u014b\/, reduced to two “entering” tones with a final stop.#NameContourMarking letterCorresponding Southwest Mandarin ToneLoanword Marking letter1Dark level\u02e8\u02e6lDepartingq2Light level\u02e9z3Dark rising\u02e5\u02e7cRisingj4Light rising\u02e7\u02e9xLight levelf5Dark departing\u02e7\u02e5s6Light departing\u02e7hDark levely7Dark entering\u02e7\u02e5t8Light entering\u02e7noneMarking letters are placed at the end of syllables to indicate tone. Loanword marking letters y, f, j, and q match with Mandarin tones 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.Language shift[edit]Bouyei shows de-voicing of Proto-Tai\u2013Kadai’s voiced consonants (*b \u2192 \/p\/, *d \u2192 \/t\/, *\u0261 \u2192 \/k\/), and loss of aspiration.Proto-Tai\u2013Kadai*\u02c0n, *n\u0325*t*\u02c0d*d\u02b1, *d*nBouyeint\u0257tnProto-Tai\u2013Kadai’s tones experienced a splitting into modern Bouyei, shown in the following table.Proto-Tai\u2013Kadai*\u02c0n, *n\u0325*t*\u02c0d*d\u02b1, *d*nPTK Level toneDark levelLight levelPTK Rising toneDark risingLight risingPTK Departing toneDark departingLight departingPTK Entering toneDark enteringLight enteringScripts[edit]Ancient Bouyei script[edit]Ancient Bouyei writing was created by borrowing elements from Chinese characters or by mimicking their forms, and is similar to Sawndip. Items collected were mostly Shaman’s books of the Buyi ancestors, which were used to select auspicious days, lucky numbers and directions, and divination.[7] The scriptures also produced Nuo books and literary works. The Nuo scripts have been widely circulated among the Buyi people in Libo region for more than a thousand years to praise goodness, condemn evil, advocate filialiation,[check spelling] and to promote truth, kindness and beauty; and these have become the code of conduct among the local Buyei people.[8] The epic poem Wang Yulian was a literary work that is believed to be the retelling of a Chinese story in Buyei language. Its manual copies are popular in Zhexiang Township, Wangmo County in Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest Guizhou.[9]Old Modern Bouyei[edit]In November 1956, a scientific conference was held in Guiyang to discuss the creation and implementation of a Latin-based alphabet for Bouyei.  The result was a script similar some Zhuang romanizations that used the Longli County dialect as its base.  The script was approved by the Chinese government and was put into use in 1957, though its use ceased in 1960.Current Bouyei script[edit]In 1981 a conference on Bouyei history revised the script developed in 1956 in an attempt to make it more practical and phonologically representative of Wangmo County speech.  It also was approved by the Chinese government, and was adopted on an experimental basis in 1982.  Feedback was largely positive, and the script was officially brought into use in March 1985 and continues to be used to the present.Old and current Bouyei Romanization comparisonsOldCurrentIPAOldCurrentIPAOldCurrentIPAOldCurrentIPAOldCurrent{IPAbb\/p\/\u0183mb\/\u0253\/mm\/m\/ff\/f\/vv, qv\/v, \u02c0v\/cz\/ts\/ss\/s\/rr\/z\/dd\/t\/\u018cnd\/\u0257\/nn\/n\/ll\/l\/gg\/k\/gvgv\/k\u02b7\/\u014bng\/\u014b\/\u014bvngv\/\u014b\u02b7\/hh\/x\/gyj\/t\u0255\/nyny\/n\u02b2\/xx\/\u0255\/yy, qy\/j, \u02c0j\/byby\/p\u02b2\/mymy\/m\u02b2\/OldZhuangBouyeiIPAOldZhuangBouyeiIPAOldZhuangBouyeiIPAOldZhuangBouyeiIPAaaaa\/a\u02d0\/\u0259aea\/a\/eeee\/e\/iii\/i\/oooo\/o\u02d0\/\u04e9oeo\/o\/uuu\/u\/\u026fwe\/\u026f\/Tone Marking Letters#OldZhuangBouyeiYangchang DialectFuxing Dialect1nonenonel, q35242\u01a8zz11113\u0437jc, j13534\u0447xx, f31115\u01bdqs33356\u0185hh, y53337(p, t, k)(p, t, k)(b, d, g)t33 (long), 35 (short)358(b, d, g)(b, d, g)(b, d, g)53 (long), 11 (short)33References[edit]^ Bouyei at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)^ a b “Bouyei”. Ethnologue.^ “Buyei Ethnic Group”. Unique China Tours. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24.^ Chu Th\u00e1i S\u01a1n (1975). “L\u1ecbch s\u1eed di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tu D\u00ed \u1edf L\u00e0o Cai”. In, \u1ee6y ban khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Vi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 331\u2013364. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.^ Edmondson, J. A.; Gregerson, K. J. (2001). “Four Languages of the Vietnam-China Borderlands”.  In Adams, K. L.; Hudak, T. J. (eds.). Papers from the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. Tempe, Arizona: Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies. pp.\u00a0101\u2013133.^ L\u00f2, V\u0103n Chi\u1ebfn (2012). D\u00e2n ca ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pu N\u1ea3 \u1edf Lai Ch\u00e2u (in Vietnamese). H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: Nh\u00e0 xu\u00e1\u0302t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. ISBN\u00a0978-604-70-0107-1.^ Zhou, Guomao \u5468\u56fd\u8302 (2013). “B\u00f9y\u012bz\u00fa chu\u00e1nt\u01d2ng z\u00e9j\u00ed sh\u016b g\u01d4w\u00e9nz\u00ec: G\u01d4 Lu\u00f2 Yu\u00e8 w\u00e9nz\u00ec de hu\u00f3 bi\u0101ob\u011bn” \u5e03\u4f9d\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u62e9\u5409\u4e66\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u53e4\u9a86\u8d8a\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6d3b\u6807\u672c [Ancient Writings in the Buyei Nation’s Traditional Scripts: Living Specimen of Ancient Luo Yue Writing]. Gu\u00eczh\u014du sh\u00e8hu\u00ec k\u0113xu\u00e9 \u8d35\u5dde\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66 (in Chinese). 2013 (6): 146\u2013149.^ Zhongguo minzu bao \u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u62a5 (2017-11-23). “B\u00f9y\u012bz\u00fa g\u01d4w\u00e9nz\u00ec: R\u00fah\u00e9 b\u00ecmi\u01cen “Ti\u0101nsh\u016b” \u00e8y\u00f9n?” \u5e03\u4f9d\u65cf\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d”\u5929\u4e66”\u5384\u8fd0\uff1f [Ancient Bouyei Scripts: How to Avoid the Doom of the “Book of Unintelligible”?]. Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 m\u00ednz\u00fa w\u00e9nhu\u00e0 z\u012byu\u00e1n k\u00f9 \u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u5e93 (in Chinese).^ Huang, Zhenbang \u9ec4\u9547\u90a6 (2013). “B\u00f9y\u012bz\u00fa “G\u01cei H\u00e0n zu\u00f2 Y\u00ed” ch\u016bzh\u014dng j\u00ed q\u00ed ji\u00e0zh\u00ed \u2013 Y\u01d0 g\u016bb\u011bn “W\u00e1ng Y\u00f9li\u00e1n” w\u00e9i l\u00ec” \u5e03\u4f9d\u65cf”\u6539\u6c49\u4f5c\u5937”\u521d\u8877\u53ca\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u5b64\u672c\u300a\u738b\u7389\u8fde\u300b\u4e3a\u4f8b [The Original Intention and the Value of the Bouyei\u2019s Adapting Han Into Yi \u2013 Taking the Only Existing Copy Named Wang Yulian as an Example]. Gu\u00eczh\u014du w\u00e9nsh\u01d0 c\u00f3ngk\u0101n \u8d35\u5dde\u6587\u53f2\u4e1b\u520a (in Chinese). 2013 (3): 119\u2013124. The story of Wang Yulian tells that Wang Yulian was forced to join the army by Wang Erniang, and his mother and wife were also forced to beg in street. After Wang Yulian became well-established, with the help of the government, he punished Wang Erniang and reunited with his mother and wife.Long, Haiyan \u9f99\u6d77\u71d5 (2007). Gu\u00ecy\u00e1ng sh\u00ecji\u0101o B\u00f9y\u012by\u01d4 H\u00e0ny\u01d4 ji\u0113ch\u00f9 y\u00e1nji\u016b \u8d35\u9633\u5e02\u90ca\u5e03\u4f9d\u8bed\u6c49\u8bed\u63a5\u89e6\u7814\u7a76 [Language Contact Between Guiyang Buyi and Chinese] (in Chinese). Chengdu: Dianzi keji daxue chubanshe. ISBN\u00a09787564710767.Snyder, Wil C. (2008). “Bouyei Phonology”.  In Diller, Anthony V. N.; Edmondson, Jerold A.; Luo, Yongxian (eds.). The Tai-Kadai Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN\u00a0978-0-7007-1457-5.Wu, Wenyi; Snyder, Wil C.; Liang, Yongshu (2007). “Survey of the Guizhou Bouyei Language” (PDF). Dallas: SIL International. SIL Language and Culture Documentation and Description 2007-001.Yu, Jiongbiao; Snyder, Wil (1995). Libo Buyi Han Ying cihui \/ Libo Buyi-Chinese-English Glossary. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. ISBN\u00a01-55671-014-3.Bouyei Culture WebsiteExternal links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/bouyei-language-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Bouyei language – Wikipedia"}}]}]