[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/breakthrough-prize-in-life-sciences\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/breakthrough-prize-in-life-sciences\/","headline":"Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences","name":"Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences","description":"before-content-x4 Year Portrait Laureate(birth\/death) Country Rationale Affiliation 2013[1] Cornelia Bargmann(b. 1961) \u00a0United States “for the genetics of neural circuits and","datePublished":"2015-03-04","dateModified":"2015-03-04","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Cori_Bargmann_at_10th_International_Conference_on_Zebrafish_Development_and_Genetics.jpg\/75px-Cori_Bargmann_at_10th_International_Conference_on_Zebrafish_Development_and_Genetics.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/Cori_Bargmann_at_10th_International_Conference_on_Zebrafish_Development_and_Genetics.jpg\/75px-Cori_Bargmann_at_10th_International_Conference_on_Zebrafish_Development_and_Genetics.jpg","height":"70","width":"75"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/breakthrough-prize-in-life-sciences\/","wordCount":12127,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4YearPortraitLaureate(birth\/death)CountryRationaleAffiliation2013[1]Cornelia Bargmann(b. 1961)\u00a0United States“for the genetics of neural circuits and behavior, and synaptic guidepost molecules.”Rockefeller UniversityDavid Botstein(b. 1942)\u00a0Switzerland\u00a0United States“for linkage mapping of Mendelian disease in humans using DNA polymorphisms.”Princeton UniversityLewis C. Cantley(b. 1949)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of PI 3-Kinase and its role in cancer metabolism.”Harvard Medical SchoolWeill Cornell Medical CollegeHans Clevers(b. 1957)\u00a0Netherlands“for describing the role of Wnt signaling in tissue stem cells and cancer.”Hubrecht InstituteTitia de Lange(b. 1955)\u00a0Netherlands\u00a0United States“for research on telomeres, illuminating how they protect chromosome ends and their role in genome instability in cancer.”Rockefeller UniversityNapoleone Ferrara(b. 1956)\u00a0Italy\u00a0United States“for discoveries in the mechanisms of angiogenesis that led to therapies for cancer and eye diseases.”University of California, San DiegoEric S. Lander(b. 1957)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of general principles for identifying human disease genes, and enabling their application to medicine through the creation and analysis of genetic, physical and sequence maps of the human genome.”Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBroad InstituteCharles L. Sawyers(b. 1959)\u00a0United States“for cancer genes and targeted therapy.”Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterRobert A. Weinberg(b. 1942)\u00a0United States“for characterization of human cancer genes.”Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyWhitehead InstituteShinya Yamanaka(b. 1962)\u00a0Japan“for induced pluripotent stem cells.”Kyoto UniversityJ. David Gladstone InstitutesUniversity of California, San FranciscoBert Vogelstein(b. 1949)\u00a0United States“for cancer genomics and tumor suppressor genes.”Howard Hughes Medical InstituteJohns Hopkins University2014[3]James P. Allison(b. 1948)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of T cell checkpoint blockade as effective cancer therapy.”M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterMahlon DeLong(b. 1938)\u00a0United States“for defining the interlocking circuits in the brain that malfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease \u2013 this scientific foundation underlies the circuit-based treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease by deep brain stimulation.”Emory UniversityMichael N. Hall(b. 1953)\u00a0Switzerland\u00a0United States“for the discovery of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and its role in cell growth control.”Biozentrum University of BaselRobert Langer(b. 1948)\u00a0United States“for discoveries leading to the development of controlled drug-release systems and new biomaterials.”Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyRichard P. Lifton(b. 1953)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of genes and biochemical mechanisms that cause hypertension.”Yale University School of MedicineAlexander Varshavsky(b. 1946)\u00a0Russia\u00a0United States“for discovering critical molecular determinants and biological functions of intracellular protein degradation.”Caltech2015[4]Alim-Louis Benabid(b. 1942)\u00a0France“for the discovery and pioneering work on the development of high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS), which has revolutionized the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease.”Joseph Fourier UniversityC. David Allis(b. 1951)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of covalent modifications of histone proteins and their critical roles in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin organization, advancing the understanding of diseases ranging from birth defects to cancer.”Rockefeller UniversityVictor Ambros(b. 1953)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of a new world of genetic regulation by microRNAs, a class of tiny RNA molecules that inhibit translation or destabilize complementary mRNA targets.”University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolGary Ruvkun(b. 1952)\u00a0United StatesMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolJennifer Doudna(b. 1964)\u00a0United States“for harnessing an ancient mechanism of bacterial immunity into a powerful and general technology for editing genomes, with wide-ranging implications across biology and medicine.”University of California, BerkeleyHoward Hughes Medical InstituteLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmmanuelle Charpentier(b. 1968)\u00a0FranceHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchUme\u00e5 University2016[5]Edward S. Boyden(b. 1979)\u00a0United States“for the development and implementation of optogenetics \u2013 the programming of neurons to express light-activated ion channels and pumps, so that their electrical activity can be controlled by light.”Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyKarl Deisseroth(b. 1971)\u00a0United StatesStanford UniversityHoward Hughes Medical InstituteJohn Hardy(b. 1954)\u00a0United Kingdom“for discovering mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene that cause early onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease, linking accumulation of APP-derived beta-amyloid peptide to Alzheimer\u2019s pathogenesis and inspiring new strategies for disease prevention.”University College LondonHelen Hobbs(b. 1952)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of human genetic variants that alter the levels and distribution of cholesterol and other lipids, inspiring new approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular and liver disease.”University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterHoward Hughes Medical InstituteSvante P\u00e4\u00e4bo(b. 1955)\u00a0Sweden“for pioneering the sequencing of ancient DNA and ancient genomes, thereby illuminating the origins of modern humans, our relationships to extinct relatives such as Neanderthals, and the evolution of human populations and traits.”Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology2017[6]Stephen J. Elledge(b. 1956)\u00a0United States“for elucidating how eukaryotic cells sense and respond to damage in their DNA and providing insights into the development and treatment of cancer.”Brigham and Women\u2019s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolHoward Hughes Medical InstituteHarry F. Noller(b. 1939)\u00a0United States“for discovering the centrality of RNA in forming the active centers of the ribosome, the fundamental machinery of protein synthesis in all cells, thereby connecting modern biology to the origin of life and also explaining how many natural antibiotics disrupt protein synthesis.”University of California, Santa CruzRoeland Nusse(b. 1950)\u00a0Netherlands“for pioneering research on the Wnt pathway, one of the crucial intercellular signaling systems in development, cancer and stem cell biology.”Stanford UniversityHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYoshinori Ohsumi(b. 1945)\u00a0Japan“for elucidating autophagy, the recycling system that cells use to generate nutrients from their own inessential or damaged components.”Tokyo Institute of TechnologyHuda Zoghbi(b. 1954)\u00a0Lebanon\u00a0United States“for discoveries of the genetic causes and biochemical mechanisms of spinocerebellar ataxia and Rett syndrome, findings that have provided insight into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases.”Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children’s HospitalHoward Hughes Medical Institute2018[6]Joanne Chory(b. 1955)\u00a0United States“for discovering how plants optimize their growth, development, and cellular structure to transform sunlight into chemical energy.”Salk Institute for Biological StudiesHoward Hughes Medical InstitutePeter Walter(b. 1954)\u00a0Germany\u00a0United States“for elucidating the unfolded protein response, a cellular quality-control system that detects disease-causing unfolded proteins and directs cells to take corrective measures.”University of California, San FranciscoHoward Hughes Medical InstituteKazutoshi Mori(b. 1958)\u00a0JapanKyoto UniversityKim Nasmyth(b. 1952)\u00a0United Kingdom“for elucidating the sophisticated mechanism that mediates the perilous separation of duplicated chromosomes during cell division and thereby prevents genetic diseases such as cancer.”University of OxfordDon W. Cleveland(b. 1950)\u00a0United States“for elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of a type of inherited ALS, including the role of glia in neurodegeneration, and for establishing antisense oligonucleotide therapy in animal models of ALS and Huntington disease.”University of California, San Diego2019[6]C. Frank Bennett(b. 1960)\u00a0United States“for the development of an effective antisense oligonucleotide therapy for children with the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy.”Ionis PharmaceuticalsAdrian R. Krainer(b. 1958)\u00a0United StatesCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryAngelika Amon(1967\u20132020)\u00a0Austria\u00a0United States“for determining the consequences of aneuploidy, an abnormal chromosome number resulting from chromosome mis-segregation.”Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyXiaowei Zhuang(b. 1972)\u00a0China\u00a0United States“for discovering hidden structures in cells by developing super-resolution imaging \u2013 a method that transcends the fundamental spatial resolution limit of light microscopy.”Harvard UniversityHoward Hughes Medical InstituteZhijian James Chen(b. 1966)\u00a0China\u00a0United States“for elucidating how DNA triggers immune and autoimmune responses from the interior of a cell through the discovery of the DNA-sensing enzyme cGAS.”UT Southwestern Medical CenterHoward Hughes Medical Institute2020[7]Jeffrey M. Friedman(b. 1954)\u00a0United States“for the discovery of a new endocrine system through which adipose tissue signals the brain to regulate food intake.”Rockefeller UniversityHoward Hughes Medical InstituteFranz-Ulrich Hartl(b. 1957)\u00a0Germany“for discovering functions of molecular chaperones in mediating protein folding and preventing protein aggregation.”Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryArthur L. Horwich(b. 1951)\u00a0United States“for discovering functions of molecular chaperones in mediating protein folding and preventing protein aggregation.”Yale School of MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteDavid Julius(b. 1955)\u00a0United States“for discovering molecules, cells, and mechanisms underlying pain sensation.”University of California, San FranciscoVirginia Man-Yee Lee(b. 1945)\u00a0China\u00a0United States“for discovering TDP43 protein aggregates in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and revealing that different forms of alpha-synuclein, in different cell types, underlie Parkinson\u2019s disease and Multiple System Atrophy.”University of Pennsylvania2021[8]David Baker(b. 1962)\u00a0United States“for developing technology that allowed the design of proteins never seen before in nature, including novel proteins that have the potential for therapeutic intervention in human diseases.”University of WashingtonHoward Hughes Medical InstituteCatherine Dulac(b. 1963)\u00a0France\u00a0United States“for deconstructing the complex behavior of parenting to the level of cell-types and their wiring, and demonstrating that the neural circuits governing both male and female-specific parenting behaviors are present in both sexes.”Harvard UniversityHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYuk Ming Dennis Lo(b. 1963)\u00a0Hong Kong“for discovering that fetal DNA is present in maternal blood and can be used for the prenatal testing of trisomy 21 and other genetic disorders”The Chinese University of Hong KongRichard J. Youle(b. 1952)\u00a0United States“for elucidating a quality control pathway that clears damaged mitochondria and thereby protects against Parkinson\u2019s Disease.”National Institutes of Health2022[9]Jeffery W. Kelly(b. 1960)\u00a0United States“for elucidating the molecular basis of neurodegenerative and cardiac transthyretin diseases, and for developing tafamidis, a drug that slows their progression.”Scripps Research InstituteKatalin Karik\u00f3(b. 1955)\u00a0Hungary“for engineering modified RNA technology which enabled rapid development of effective COVID-19 vaccines.”BioNTechUniversity of PennsylvaniaDrew Weissman(b. 1958)\u00a0United StatesUniversity of PennsylvaniaShankar Balasubramanian(b. 1966)\u00a0India\u00a0United Kingdom“for the development of a robust and affordable method to determine DNA sequences on a massive scale, which has transformed the practice of science and medicine.”University of CambridgeDavid Klenerman(b. 1959)\u00a0United KingdomUniversity of CambridgePascal Mayer(b. 1963)\u00a0FranceAlphanosos2023[10]Clifford P. Brangwynne(b. -)\u00a0United States“for discovering a fundamental mechanism of cellular organization mediated by phase separation of proteins and RNA into membraneless liquid droplets.”Princeton UniversityHoward Hughes Medical InstituteMarine Biological LaboratoryAnthony A. Hyman(b. 1962)\u00a0United KingdomMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDemis Hassabis(b. 1976)\u00a0United Kingdom“for developing a deep learning AI method that rapidly and accurately predicts the three-dimensional structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence..”DeepMindJohn Jumper(b. -)\u00a0United KingdomDeepMindEmmanuel Mignot(b. 1959)\u00a0United States“for discovering that narcolepsy is caused by the loss of a small population of brain cells that make a wake-promoting substance, paving the way for the development of new treatments for sleep disorders..”Stanford University School of MedicineMasashi Yanagisawa(b. 1960)\u00a0USAUniversity of Tsukuba     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/breakthrough-prize-in-life-sciences\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences"}}]}]