[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/caucasus-viceroyalty-1801-1917-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/caucasus-viceroyalty-1801-1917-wikipedia\/","headline":"Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801\u20131917) – Wikipedia","name":"Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801\u20131917) – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1801\u20131917 viceroyalty of the Russian Empire Viceroyalty in Russian Empire Caucasus Viceroyalty \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Administrative","datePublished":"2016-12-12","dateModified":"2016-12-12","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Caucasus_Viceroyalty_0.png\/220px-Caucasus_Viceroyalty_0.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Caucasus_Viceroyalty_0.png\/220px-Caucasus_Viceroyalty_0.png","height":"181","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/caucasus-viceroyalty-1801-1917-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":4993,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia1801\u20131917 viceroyalty of the Russian EmpireViceroyalty in Russian EmpireCaucasus Viceroyalty\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043eAdministrative map of the Caucasus ViceroyaltyCountryRussian EmpireEstablished1801Abolished1917CapitalTiflis(present-day Tbilisi)\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Viceroyalty410,423.66\u00a0km2 (158,465.46\u00a0sq\u00a0mi)Highest\u00a0elevation5,642\u00a0m (18,510\u00a0ft)\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Viceroyalty12,266,282\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Density30\/km2 (77\/sq\u00a0mi)\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Urban15.97%\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Rural84.03%The Caucasus Viceroyalty (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, romanized:\u00a0Kavk\u00e1zskoye nam\u00e9stnichestvo) was the Russian Empire’s administrative and political authority in the Caucasus region exercised through the offices of glavnoupravlyayushchiy (“high commissioner”) (1801\u20131844, 1882\u20131902) and namestnik (“viceroy”) (1844\u20131882, 1904\u20131917). These two terms are commonly, but imprecisely, translated into English as viceroy, which is frequently used interchangeably with governor general. More accurately, glavnoupravlyayushchiy is referred to as the High Commissioner of the Caucasus, and namestnik as Viceroy.Over more than a century of the Russian rule of the Caucasus, the structure of the viceroyalty underwent a number of changes, with the addition or removal of administrative positions and redrawing of provincial divisions.[1]Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Administrative divisions[edit]Demographics[edit]Kavkazskiy kalendar[edit]High commissioners and viceroys of the Caucasus[edit]References[edit]Bibliography[edit]Further reading[edit]See also[edit]History[edit]The first time Russian authority was established over the peoples of the Caucasus was after the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (eastern Georgia) in 1801. General Karl Knorring was the first person to be assigned to govern the Caucasus territory, being officially titled as the Commander-in-Chief in Georgia and Governor-General of Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi). Under of his successors, notably Prince Pavel Tsitsianov, General Aleksey Yermolov, Count Ivan Paskevich, and Prince Mikhail Vorontsov, Russian Transcaucasia expanded to encompass territories acquired in a series of wars with the Ottoman Empire, the Persian Empire, and local North Caucasian peoples. The scope of its jurisdiction eventually came to include what is now Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and the North Caucasus, as well as parts of Northeastern Turkey (today the provinces of Artvin, Ardahan, Kars, and I\u011fd\u0131r).[2]Headquartered at Tiflis, the viceroys acted as de facto ambassadors to neighboring countries, commanders in chief of the armed forces, and the supreme civil authority, mostly responsible only to the Tsar. From February 3, 1845, to January 23, 1882, the viceregal authority was supervised by the Caucasus Committee as the Caucasus Krai, which consisted of representatives of the State Council and the ministries of Finances, State Domains, Justice, and Interior, as well as of members of special committees. After the 1917 February Revolution, which dispossessed Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian crown, the Viceroyalty of the Caucasus was abolished by the Russian Provisional Government on March 18, 1917, and all authority, except in the zone of the active army, was entrusted to the civil administrative body called the Special Transcaucasian Committee or Ozakom (short for Osobyy Zakavkazskiy Komitet, \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442).Administrative divisions[edit]In 1917, there were six guberniyas (“governorates”), five oblasts (“regions”), two special administrative okrugs (“districts”), and a gradonachalstvo (“municipal district”) within the Caucasus Viceroyalty:[3]ProvinceTypeRussian nameCapitalPopulationSize (km\u00b2)Location18971916BakuGovernorate\u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044fBaku826,716875,74637,948.97BakuGradonachalstvo\u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043eBaku[a]405,8291,059.76BatumOblast\u0411\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044cBatum (Batumi)[b]122,8116,975.65DagestanOblast\u0414\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044cTemir-Khan-Shura (Buynaksk)571,154713,34229,709.63ElizavetpolGovernorate\u0415\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044fYelisavetpol (Ganja)878,4151,275,13144,296.15ZakatalOkrug\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u044aZakataly (Zaqatala)[c]92,6083,985.77KarsOblast\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044cKars290,654364,21418,739.50KubanOblast\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044cYekaterinodar (Krasnodar)1,918,8813,022,68394,783.07KutaisiGovernorate\u041a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044fKutais (Kutaisi)1,058,2411,034,46819,956.06SukhumiOkrug\u0421\u0443\u0445\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0463\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u044aSukhum (Sukhumi)[d]209,6716,591.42TerekOblast\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044cVladikavkaz933,9361,377,92372,443.86TiflisGovernorate\u0422\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044fTiflis (Tbilisi)1,051,0321,473,30840,861.03Black SeaGovernorate\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044fNovorossiysk57,478178,3066,675.68ErivanGovernorate\u042d\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044fErivan (Yerevan)829,5561,120,24226,397.11Caucasus Viceroyalty8,416,06312,266,282410,423.66Demographics[edit]  Ethnographic map of Russian Transcaucasia, 1880.Kavkazskiy kalendar[edit]According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Caucasus Viceroyalty had a population of 12,266,282 on 14 January\u00a0[O.S. 1 January]\u00a01916, including 6,442,684 men and 5,823,598 women, 9,728,750 of whom were the permanent population, and 2,537,532 were temporary residents:NationalityUrbanRuralTOTALNumber%Number%Number%Russians[e]757,90838.683,262,35931.654,020,26732.77Armenians518,16426.451,341,49913.021,859,66315.16Georgians163,4828.341,628,12815.801,791,61014.61North Caucasians48,7222.491,469,78314.261,518,50512.38Shia Muslims[f]221,99611.331,287,49512.491,509,49112.31Sunni Muslims[g]82,3844.20862,0648.36944,4487.70Asiatic Christians38,0961.94170,8271.66208,9231.70Other Europeans52,0002.6587,6230.85139,6231.14Kurds3,3310.1793,7610.9197,0920.79Jews66,2603.3826,8780.2693,1380.76Roma1,8550.0940,7850.4042,6400.35Yazidis5,1170.2635,7650.3540,8820.33TOTAL1,959,315100.0010,306,967100.0012,266,282100.00High commissioners and viceroys of the Caucasus[edit]  ^ The Baku gradonchalstvo did not exist in 1897.^ The Batum oblast was included in the Kutaisi Governorate in 1897; The population of its territory within the Kutaisi Governorate was 144,584 according to the 1897 census.^ The Zakatal okrug was included in the Tiflis Governorate in 1897; The population of its territory within the Tiflis Governorate was 84,224 according to the 1897 census.^ The Sukhumi okrug was included in the Kutaisi Governorate in 1897; The population of its territory within the Kutaisi Governorate was 106,179 according to the 1897 census.^ The Caucasian Calendar did not distinguish between Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.^ Primarily Tatars.^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.References[edit]Bibliography[edit]Further reading[edit]Atkin, Muriel (1980). Russia and Iran, 1780\u20131828. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0816609246.Baddeley, John F. (1908). The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus. London: Longmans, Green and Co.Breyfogle, Nicholas (2005). Heretics and Colonizers: Forging Russia’s Empire in the South Caucasus. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0801442421.Haxthausen, Baron August von (2016) [1854-55]. Transcaucasia and the Tribes of the Caucasus. Translated by John Edward Taylor. Introduction by Pietro A. Shakarian. Foreword by Dominic Lieven. London: Gomidas Institute. ISBN\u00a0978-1909382312.Jersild, Austin (2003). Orientalism and Empire: North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and the Georgian Frontier, 1845-1917. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0773523296.King, Charles (2008). The Ghost of Freedom: A History of the Caucasus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0195177756.Layton, Susan (1995). Russian Literature and Empire: Conquest of the Caucasus from Pushkin to Tolstoy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0521444439.Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0300153088.See also[edit]Coordinates: 41\u00b043\u203221\u2033N 44\u00b047\u203233\u2033E\ufeff \/ \ufeff41.72250\u00b0N 44.79250\u00b0E\ufeff \/ 41.72250; 44.79250  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/caucasus-viceroyalty-1801-1917-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801\u20131917) – Wikipedia"}}]}]