[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ccir-system-b-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ccir-system-b-wikipedia\/","headline":"CCIR System B – Wikipedia","name":"CCIR System B – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 625-line analog television transmission format after-content-x4 CCIR System B (originally known as the “Gerber Standard”[1][2][3][4]) was the 625-line VHF","datePublished":"2022-09-22","dateModified":"2022-09-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b7\/Channel_spacing_for_CCIR_television_System_B_%28VHF_Bands%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b7\/Channel_spacing_for_CCIR_television_System_B_%28VHF_Bands%29.jpg","height":"200","width":"400"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ccir-system-b-wikipedia\/","wordCount":6860,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4625-line analog television transmission format       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4CCIR System B (originally known as the “Gerber Standard”[1][2][3][4]) was the 625-line VHF analog broadcast television system which at its peak was adopted by more than one hundred countries, either with PAL or SECAM colour.[5] It’s usually associated with CCIR System G  for UHF broadcasts.System B was the first internationally accepted 625-line broadcasting standard in the world. A first 625-line system with a 8\u00a0MHz channel bandwidth was proposed at the CCIR Conference in Stockholm in July 1948 (based on 1946-48 studies in the Soviet Union[6] by Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]).[3] At a  CCIR Geneva meeting in July 1950 Dr. Gerber (a Swiss engineer), proposed a modified 625-lines system with a 7\u00a0MHz channel bandwidth (based on work by Telefunken and Walter Bruch), with the support of  Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland.[6] Known as the “Gerber-norm”, it was eventually approved along with four other broadcast standards on the next formal CCIR meeting in May 1951 in Geneva.[6][14]It is mostly replaced across Western Europe, part of Asia and Africa by digital broadcasting.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsSpecifications[edit]Colour TV[edit]Improved audio[edit]Transmission channels[edit]Western Europe (except the UK and France) plus East Germany from the 1960s[edit]East Germany before the 1960s[edit]Italy[edit]Australia VHF (until 1993)[edit]Australia VHF (after 1993)[edit]Australia UHF[edit]New Zealand[edit]Morocco[edit]System G and H[edit]See also[edit]Notes and references[edit]External links[edit]Specifications[edit]The system was developed for VHF (also known as VHF-3) band (part of RF band lower than 300\u00a0MHz.) Some of the most important specs are listed below.[15]System B specificationsFrame rateInterlaceField rateLine\/frameLine rateVisual b\/wVision mod.PreemphasisSound mod.Sound offsetChannel b\/w252\/150[16]62515625[17]5\u00a0MHz.AC3 neg.50 \u03bcsF35.5\u00a0MHz.7\u00a0MHz.         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Channel spacing for CCIR television System B (VHF Bands)The separation between the aural and visual carriers is 5.5 MHz.A frame is the total picture. The frame rate is the number of pictures displayed in one second. But each frame is actually scanned twice interleaving odd and even lines. Each scan is known as a field (odd and even fields.) So field rate is twice the frame rate. In each frame there are 625 lines (or 312.5 lines in a field.) So line rate (line frequency) is 625 times the frame frequency or 625\u202225=15625\u00a0Hz.The video bandwidth is 5.0\u00a0MHz. The video signal modulates the carrier by amplitude modulation. But a portion of the lower side band is suppressed. This technique is known as vestigial side band modulation (AC3). The polarity of modulation is negative, meaning that an increase in the instantaneous brightness of the video signal results in a decrease in RF power and vice versa. Specifically, the sync pulses (being “blacker than black”) result in maximum power from the transmitter.The primary audio signal is modulated by frequency modulation with a preemphasis time constant of \u03c4{displaystyle tau } = 50 \u03bcs. The deviation for a 1.0\u00a0kHz. AF signal is 50\u00a0kHz.The separation between the primary audio FM subcarrier and the video carrier is 5.5\u00a0MHz.The total RF bandwidth of System B (as originally designed with its single FM audio subcarrier) was 6.5\u00a0MHz, allowing System B to be transmitted in the 7.0\u00a0MHz wide channels specified for television in the VHF bands with an ample 500\u00a0kHz guard zone between channels.[18]In specs, sometimes, other parameters such as vestigial sideband characteristics and gamma correction of the display device are also given.Colour TV[edit]System B has variously been used with both the PAL or SECAM colour systems. It could have been used with a 625-line variant of the NTSC color system, but apart from possible technical tests in the 1950s, this has never been done officially.When used with PAL, the colour subcarrier is 4.43361875\u00a0MHz and the sidebands of the PAL signal have to be truncated on the high-frequency side at +570\u00a0kHz (matching the rolloff of the luminance signal at +5.0\u00a0MHz). On the low-frequency side, the full 1.3\u00a0MHz sideband is radiated. (This behaviour would cause massive U\/V crosstalk in the NTSC system, but delay-line PAL hides such artefacts.)When used with SECAM, the ‘R’ lines’ carrier is at 4.40625\u00a0MHz deviating from +350\u00b118\u00a0kHz to -506\u00b125\u00a0kHz. The ‘B’ lines’ carrier is at 4.250\u00a0MHz deviating +506\u00b125\u00a0kHz to -350\u00b118\u00a0kHz.Neither colour encoding system has any effect on the bandwidth of system B as a whole.Improved audio[edit]Enhancements have been made to the specification of System B’s audio capabilities over the years. The introduction of Zweiton in the 1970s allowed for stereo sound or twin monophonic audio tracks (possibly in different languages for instance). This was implemented by adding a second FM audio subcarrier at +5.74\u00a0MHz. Alternatively, starting in the late 1980s and early 1990s it became possible to replace the second audio FM subcarrier with a digital signal carrying NICAM sound. Either of these extensions to audio capability have eaten into the guard band between channels. Zweiton uses an extra 150\u00a0kHz. The alternative NICAM system uses an extra 500\u00a0kHz, and needs to be spaced further from the primary audio subcarrier, thus System B with NICAM has only 150\u00a0kHz guard zones between channels.Transmission channels[edit]  Plan showing VHF frequency ranges for ITU SystemsThe European 41-68\u00a0MHz Band I television allocation was agreed at the 1947 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) conference in 1947, and the first European channel plan (i.e. the use of channels E2\u00a0–\u00a0E4) was agreed in 1952 at the ITU conference in Stockholm. The extension to VHF Band III (i.e. Channels E5\u00a0–\u00a0E12) was also agreed in the 1950s.Since then, the System B specification has been used with slightly different broadcast frequencies in many other countries.Western Europe (except the UK and France) plus East Germany from the 1960s[edit]ChannelChannel limits (MHz)Vision carrier frequency (MHz)Main audio carrier frequency (MHz)E1 \u202040.00 – 47.0041.2546.75E1A \u202041.00 – 48.0042.2547.75E2 \u00a747.00 – 54.0048.2553.75E2A \u00a748.25 – 55.5049.7555.25E354.00 – 61.0055.2560.75E461.00 – 68.0062.2567.75E4A81.00 – 88.0082.2587.75\u2020 Channel 1 was allocated, but never used.\u00a7 Not used in the former East GermanyChannelChannel limits (MHz)Vision carrier frequency (MHz)Main audio carrier frequency (MHz)E5174.00 – 181.00175.25180.75E6181.00 – 188.00182.25187.75E7188.00 – 195.00189.25194.75E8195.00 – 202.00196.25201.75E9202.00 – 209.00203.25208.75E10209.00 – 216.00210.25215.75E11216.00 – 223.00217.25222.75E12223.00 – 230.00224.25229.75East Germany before the 1960s[edit]ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)158.00 – 65.0059.2564.75ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)2144.00 – 151.00145.25150.753154.00 – 161.00155.25160.75E5174.00 – 181.00175.25180.75E6181.00 – 188.00182.25187.75E8195.00 – 202.00196.25201.75E11216.00 – 223.00217.25222.75Transmitters were operational on the above channels in 1959. During the 1960s, channels 1 to 3 were deleted and channels E3 to E12 adopted, bringing East Germany into line with the channel allocations used in the West.Italy[edit]Italian channel-spacings were erratic. System B is no longer in use in Italy, the switchover to DVB-T having been completed 4 July 2012.ChannelChannel limits (MHz)Vision carrier frequency (MHz)Audio carrier frequency (MHz)IA52.50 – 59.5053.7559.25IB61.00 – 68.0062.2567.75IC[a]81.00 – 88.0082.2587.75Note: Band I is no longer used for television in Italy.ChannelChannel limits (MHz)Vision carrier frequency (MHz)Audio carrier frequency (MHz)ID[a]174.00 – 181.00175.25180.75IE182.50 – 189.50183.75189.25IF191.00 – 198.00192.25197.75IG200.00 – 207.00201.25206.75IH[b]209.00 – 216.00210.25215.75IH1[c]216.00 – 223.00217.25222.75^ Same as E5^ Same as E10^ Same as E11Note: Unusually for Europe, Band III is used for DVB-T in Italy. At digital switchover time, Italy took the opportunity to discontinue their erratic System B frequencies, and the digital channels (known as Ch5 through Ch12) are regularly-spaced every 7.0\u00a0MHz from 177.5\u00a0MHz (and identical to Germany’s Band III DVB-T bandplan).Australia VHF (until 1993)[edit]Australia were unique in the world by their use of Band II for television broadcasting.ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)D045.00 – 52.0046.2551.75D156.00 – 63.0057.2562.75D263.00 – 70.0064.2569.75ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)D385.00 – 92.0086.2591.75D494.00 – 101.0095.25100.75D5101.00 – 108.00102.25107.75D5A137.00 – 144.00138.25143.75ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)D6174.00 – 181.00175.25180.75D7181.00 – 188.00182.25194.75D8188.00 – 195.00189.25194.75D9195.00 – 202.00196.25201.75D10208.00 – 215.00209.25214.75D11215.00 – 222.00216.25221.75Australia VHF (after 1993)[edit]ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)D045.00 – 52.0046.2551.75D156.00 – 63.0057.2562.75D263.00 – 70.0064.2569.75ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)D3 \u202185.00 – 92.0086.2591.75D4 \u202194.00 – 101.0095.25100.75D5 \u2021101.00 – 108.00102.25107.75D5A137.00 – 144.00138.25143.75\u2021 Channels 3, 4 and 5 were scheduled to be cleared during 1993\u201396 to make way for FM radio stations in Band II. This clearance action took much longer than was anticipated, and as a result, many stations on channel 3 still remain, along with a few on 4 and 5.ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)D6174.00 – 181.00175.25180.75D7181.00 – 188.00182.25194.75D8188.00 – 195.00189.25194.75D9195.00 – 202.00196.25201.75D9A \u2666202.00 – 209.00203.25208.75D10 \u2021209.00 – 216.00210.25215.75D11 \u2021216.00 – 223.00217.25222.75D12 \u2666223.00 – 230.00224.25229.75\u2666 New channel allocations from 1993.\u2021 Channels 10 and 11 were shifted up in frequency by 1\u00a0MHz to make room for channel 9A. The frequencies of existing stations did not change; only new ones used the new allocations. Digital multiplexes on channels 10 and 11 are using the new channel boundaries.Australia UHF[edit]Australia are nearly unique in the world for their use of 7\u00a0MHz channel-spacing (and therefore System B) on UHF.ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)D28526.00 – 533.00527.25532.75D29533.00 – 540.00534.25539.75D30540.00 – 547.00541.25546.75D31547.00 – 554.00548.25553.75D32554.00 – 561.00555.25560.75D33561.00 – 568.00562.25567.75D34568.00 – 575.00569.25574.75D35575.00 – 582.00576.25581.75D36582.00 – 589.00583.25588.75D37589.00 – 596.00590.25595.75D38596.00 – 603.00597.25602.75D39603.00 – 610.00604.25609.75D40610.00 – 617.00611.25616.75D41617.00 – 624.00618.25623.75D42624.00 – 631.00625.25630.75D43631.00 – 638.00632.25637.75D44638.00 – 645.00639.25644.75D45645.00 – 652.00646.25651.75D46652.00 – 659.00653.25658.75D47659.00 – 666.00660.25665.75D48666.00 – 673.00667.25672.75D49673.00 – 680.00674.25679.75D50680.00 – 687.00681.25686.75D51687.00 – 694.00688.25693.75D52694.00 – 701.00695.25700.75D53701.00 – 708.00702.25707.75D54708.00 – 715.00709.25714.75D55715.00 – 722.00716.25721.75D56722.00 – 729.00723.25728.75D57729.00 – 736.00730.25735.75D58736.00 – 743.00737.25742.75D59743.00 – 750.00744.25749.75D60750.00 – 757.00751.25756.75D61757.00 – 764.00758.25763.75D62764.00 – 771.00765.25770.75D63771.00 – 778.00772.25777.75D64778.00 – 785.00779.25784.75D65785.00 – 792.00786.25791.75D66792.00 – 799.00793.25798.75D67799.00 – 806.00800.25805.75D68806.00 – 813.00807.25812.75D69813.00 – 820.00814.25819.75New Zealand[edit]ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)G144.00 – 51.0045.2550.75G254.00 – 61.0055.2560.75G361.00 – 68.0062.2567.75ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)G4174.00 – 181.00175.25180.75G5181.00 – 188.00182.25187.75G6188.00 – 195.00189.25194.75G7195.00 – 202.00196.25201.75G8202.00 – 209.00203.25208.75G9209.00 – 216.00210.25215.75G10 \u2020216.00 – 223.00217.25222.75G11 \u2021223.00 – 230.00224.25229.75\u2020 Added in the 1980s\u2021 Added in the 1990sNote: the Band III frequencies are the same as Australia’s.Morocco[edit]ChannelChannel Limits (MHz)Vision Carrier Frequency (MHz)Main Audio Carrier Frequency (MHz)M4162.00 – 169.00163.25168.75M5170.00 – 177.00171.25176.75M6178.00 – 185.00179.25184.75M7186.00 – 193.00187.25192.75M8194.00 – 201.00195.25200.75M9202.00 – 209.00203.25208.75M10210.00 – 217.00211.25216.75System G and H[edit]When the UHF bands came into use in the early 1960s, two variants of System B began to be used on those frequencies.In most countries, the channels on the UHF bands are 8\u00a0MHz wide, but in most system B countries transmissions on the UHF channels still use system B specifications, the only difference being that the guard band between the channels is 1.0\u00a0MHz wider than for System B. That system for the UHF bands is known as System G and all RF specifications given above (apart from the guard band width) also apply to system G. Exceptions to this would seem to be Australia, Brunei and Tanzania where the UHF channels are 7\u00a0MHz wide, and system B is used on UHF just as it is on VHF.A few countries (Belgium, several of the Balkan states and Malta) use another variant of system B on UHF which is known as System H. System H is similar to system G but the lower (vestigial) side band is 500\u00a0kHz wider. This makes much better use of the 8.0\u00a0MHz channels of the UHF bands (though whether any system B\/H televisions actually made use of the extra bandwidth is not known).See also[edit]Notes and references[edit]^ “625-Line Television Broadcast Standards – UK Vintage Radio Repair and Restoration Discussion Forum”.^ “405 Alive – FAQ – 405-Line Television in History”. www.bvws.org.uk.^ a b “The CCIR, the standards and the TV sets’ market in France (1948-1985)” (PDF).^ Magnetic Recording Handbook. Springer Science & Business Media. December 6, 2012. ISBN\u00a09789401094689 \u2013 via Google Books.^ “Weltweite Fernsehsysteme (NTSC, PAL und SECAM)”. www.paradiso-design.net. 2005. Retrieved 2023-03-06.^ a b c “Piet’s Home-built Television”. Maximus R&D.^ ““M.I. Krivosheev: Participation in the development of mass TV broadcasting” – an exhibition at Ostankino TV Center”.^ “Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev (1922-2018)”.^ On the beginning of broadcast in 625-lines 60 year s ago, 625 magazine (in Russian). Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine^ M.I. Krivocheev \u2013 an engineer’s engineer, EBU’s technical review.^ IN THE VANGUARD OF TELEVISION BROADCASTING^ Observer, Reflective (2021-12-23). “Where did 625-line TV come from?”. Medium. Retrieved 2021-12-31.^ “625-Line Television System Origins – UK Vintage Radio Repair and Restoration Discussion Forum”. www.vintage-radio.net. Retrieved 2021-12-31.^ “World map showing the different line standards for black and white television after the CCIR Plenary Conference in Stockholm in 1952. Source: Rindfleisch, Hans, ‘Der gegenw\u00e4rtige Ausbau des Fernsehrundfunks im In-und Ausland’, Rundfunktechnische Mitteilungen, 3, 1959, p.220”.^ Reference Data for Radio Engineers, ITT Howard W.Sams Co., New York, 1977, section 30^ Not an independent value: 25\u20222=50^ Not an independent value: 25\u2022625=15625^ Nedim Ardo\u011fa:TV Verici tekni\u011fine giri\u015f p.34External links[edit]TelevisionAnalog405 lines525 lines625 linesSystem B, C, D, G, H, I, K, L, NColor systems: PAL, PAL-N, PALplus, SECAMMAC819 lines1125 lines1250 linesAudioHidden signalsHistoricalDigital     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ccir-system-b-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"CCIR System B – Wikipedia"}}]}]