[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/english-wine-cask-units-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/english-wine-cask-units-wikipedia\/","headline":"English wine cask units – Wikipedia","name":"English wine cask units – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about historic units of volume measurement for wine in England until","datePublished":"2021-02-11","dateModified":"2021-02-11","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a4\/English_wine_cask_units.jpg\/750px-English_wine_cask_units.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a4\/English_wine_cask_units.jpg\/750px-English_wine_cask_units.jpg","height":"267","width":"750"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/english-wine-cask-units-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":3378,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about historic units of volume measurement for wine in England until 1824 and later under the imperial and US customary systems.  For beer and ale units of the same, see English brewery cask units.Capacities of wine casks were formerly measured and standardised according to a specific system of English units.  The various units were historically defined in terms of the wine gallon so varied according to the definition of the gallon until the adoption of the Queen Anne wine gallon in 1707. In the United Kingdom and its colonies the units were redefined with the introduction of the imperial system whilst the Queen Anne wine gallon was adopted as the standard US liquid gallon.The major wine producing countries use barrels extensively and have developed standards at variance with the traditional English volumes that are commonly used in the wine and wine cooperage industries.[clarification needed] Examples include a hogshead of 300\u00a0L (66\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 79\u00a0US\u00a0gal), a barrique of 220\u00a0L (48\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 58\u00a0US\u00a0gal) (Bordeaux), a barrel of 225\u00a0L (49\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 59\u00a0US\u00a0gal) (Australia), a barrel of 230\u00a0L (51\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 61\u00a0US\u00a0gal) (Burgundy) and a puncheon of 465\u00a0L (102\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 123\u00a0US\u00a0gal).[1]Table of ContentsTun[edit]Pipe or butt[edit]Puncheon or tertian[edit]Hogshead[edit]Tierce[edit]Barrel[edit]Rundlet[edit]History[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Tun[edit]The tun (Old English: tunne, Latin: tunellus, Middle Latin: tunna) is an English unit of liquid volume (not weight), used for measuring wine, oil or honey. It is typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252\u00a0wine gallons, but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208\u00a0gallons) were also used.[2]Pipe or butt[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The butt (from the medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe was half a tun, or 1008\u00a0pints (126 gallons). Tradition has it that George, Duke of Clarence, the brother of Edward IV of England, was drowned in a butt of malmsey on 18\u00a0February 1478.[3][4] (However, Josephine Tey in The Daughter of Time suggests that “drowned in a butt of malmsey” means rather that George, Duke of Clarence, drank himself to death rather than literally drowning in a container of wine.) In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Cask of Amontillado”, the narrator claims he has received “a pipe of what passes for Amontillado”. In Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s novel “Paul Clifford”, Lord Mauleverer states to Lawyer William Brandon “Because he sent me, in the handsomest manner possible, a pipe of that wonderful Madeira, which you know I consider the chief grace of my cellars, and he gave up a canal navigation bill, which would have enriched his whole county, when he knew that it would injure my property.”Puncheon or tertian[edit]The puncheon was a third of a tun. The term puncheon, shortened to pon in the United States, is thought to derive from the fact that it would have been marked by use of a punch to denote its contents. The unit was also known as a tertian (from the Latin word for “third”).[2]Hogshead[edit]Of comparable size to the beer hogshead, the wine hogshead was equal to half a butt or a quarter of a tun.Tierce[edit]Closely related to the modern oil barrel, the tierce was half a puncheon, a third of a butt or a sixth of a tun.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Barrel[edit]The wine barrel was half a wine hogshead or an eighth of a tun.Rundlet[edit]The rundlet was a seventh of a butt or a fourteenth of a tun.History[edit]Originally, the tun was defined as 256 wine gallons.[nb 1] (This was the basis for calling 64 gallons a quarter.) At some time before the 15th century, it was reduced to 252 gallons, so as to be evenly divisible by other small integers, including seven.[nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds,[5] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 pounds).The tun is approximately the volume of a cylinder with both diameter and height of 42 inches, as the gallon was originally a cylinder with diameter of 7 inches and height of 6.[nb 3]The Queen Anne wine gallon of 231 cubic inches was adopted in 1707 and still serves as the definition of the US gallon. A US tun is then the volume or of a rectangular cuboid with dimensions 36 by 38.5 by 42 inches.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4When the imperial system was introduced the tun was redefined in the UK and colonies as 210 imperial gallons. The imperial tun remained evenly divisible by small integers.[nb 4] There was also little change in the actual value of the tun.[nb 5]comparisonshistoricallyimperial definitionsUS definitionsmeasuretunsbuttspuncheonshogsheadstiercesbarrelsrundletslitres[nb 6]gallonslitres[nb 7]gallonslitres[nb 8]tun11\u204421\u204431\u204441\u204461\u204481\u204414950\u2013960210954.68252953.92butt212\u204431\u204421\u204431\u204441\u20447475\u2013480105477.34126476.96puncheon31+1\u2044213\u204441\u204423\u204483\u204414316\u201332070318.2384317.97hogshead421+1\u2044312\u204431\u204422\u20447237\u201324052+1\u20442238.6763238.48tierce6321+1\u2044213\u204443\u20447158\u201316035159.1142158.99barrel842+2\u2044321+1\u2044314\u20447118\u201312026+1\u20444119.3331+1\u20442119.29rundlet1474+2\u204433+1\u204422+1\u204431+3\u20444168\u2013 691568.191868.14See also[edit]^ 256=28^ 252 = 22\u00d732\u00d77^ The volume, V, of this cylinder may be approximated from the height, h, and the radius, r, as follows.V= \u03c0r2h\u2248 22\u20447\u00d7(21 in)2\u00d742 insince \u03c0 \u2248 22\u20447= (22\u00d732\u00d77)\u00d7(3\u00d77\u00d711) cu in= 252\u00d7231 cu in^ 210 = 2\u00d73\u00d75\u00d77^ The imperial tun is only about 0.0792% larger than the US tun assuming current definitions. Note that 5 imp gal \u2248 6 US gal.^ The conversion to litres is approximate and given as a range to reflect the varying definitions of the gallon and the tun in terms of the gallon.^ The conversion to litres shown in tooltips is exact assuming the current 4.54609-litre definition of the imperial gallon.^ The conversion to litres shown in tooltips is exact assuming the current 25.4-millimetre definition of the international inch.References[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/english-wine-cask-units-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"English wine cask units – Wikipedia"}}]}]