[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/fifteen-signs-before-doomsday-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/fifteen-signs-before-doomsday-wikipedia\/","headline":"Fifteen Signs before Doomsday – Wikipedia","name":"Fifteen Signs before Doomsday – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Fifteen Signs before Doomsday (alternatively known as the Fifteen Signs of Doomsday, Fifteen Signs","datePublished":"2022-10-20","dateModified":"2022-10-20","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/fifteen-signs-before-doomsday-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":2651,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe Fifteen Signs before Doomsday (alternatively known as the Fifteen Signs of Doomsday, Fifteen Signs before Judgement,  in Latin Quindecim Signa ante Judicium, and in German 15 Vorzeichen des J\u00fcngsten Gerichts[1]) is a list, popular in the Middle Ages because of millenarianism, of the events that are supposed to occur in the fortnight before the end of the world. It may find an origin in the apocryphal Apocalypse of Thomas and is found in many post-millennial manuscripts in Latin and in the vernacular. References to it occur in a great multitude and variety of literary works, and via the Cursor Mundi it may have found its way even into the early modern period, in the works of William Shakespeare.[citation needed]The Fifteen Signs derives from the Apocalypse of Thomas, an apocryphal apocalyptic text composed in Greek (and subsequently translated in Latin) between the second and fourth century. It exists in two versions, the second, longer one treating fifth-century events as contemporary. The first version includes a list of seven signs announcing the end of the world. The longer version, however, has an appended section which brings the list of signs up to fifteen. This version was taken up and reshaped by the Irish, after which it became a source for many European visions of the end of days.Table of ContentsRemaining versions[edit]Manuscripts[edit]Signs[edit]Influence[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Reference bibliography[edit]Further reading[edit]Remaining versions[edit]One of its many versions can be found in the Asega-b\u00f4k.  Another version can be found in the Saltair na Rann.[citation needed]  One of the earliest versions is De quindecim signis (PL XCIV.555) written in the 8th century by Pseudo-Bede.Manuscripts[edit]The Fifteen Signs are organized in three general types: the Voragine type, the Pseudo-Bede type, and the Comestor type. The Welsh prose versions edited by William Heist are each based on any of the three; the Asega-b\u00f4k is based on both Pseudo-Bede and Comestor’s Historia scholastica.Signs[edit]The fifteen signs are shown over fifteen days, though in many different varieties. According to the Welsh prose version:The earth’s waters rise above the mountainsThe waters sink so low they cannot be seen anymoreThe waters return to their original positionAll sea animals gather on the surface and bellow unintelligiblyThe waters burn from east to westPlants and trees fill with dew and bloodEarth is divided into two partsAll buildings are destroyedThe stones fight each otherGreat earthquakes occurAll mountains and valleys are leveled to a plainMen come out from their hiding places but can no longer understand each otherThe stars and constellations fall out of the sky (in the Comestor variant only stars fall)The bones of the dead come out of their gravesAll men die, the earth burns with waterJudgment DayIn the Middle English version of the Kildare Poems:The stars shall be thrown down to earthThe dead will rise and sit upon their tombsThe sun will turn blackThe sun will turn redEvery beast will tremble and look to heavenThe mountains will fall and fill up the valleys, castles, towers and trees will fallTrees will grow upside down, with their roots above ground; they will bleedThe sea will draw together to stand upright like a wall, and then return to its placeA voice will speak from the sky, begging God for mercyThe angels will tremble and the demons will lamentFour winds will rise and then the rain bow will fall, driving the demons back to HellThe four elements will cry in strong voice: “Mercy, Jesus, son of Mary, as you are God and King of heaven!” (Merci Iesus, fi\u021d Mari, As \u00feou ert god and king of heuene)The poem breaks off at this point, leaving the final signs unknown.[7]Influence[edit]References to the fifteen signs are ubiquitous in medieval Western literature. In the fifteenth century, prints detailing the life of the Antichrist usually included the fifteen signs. An Anglo-Norman version was included in the fourteenth-century Cursor Mundi, and C. H. Conley argued that William Shakespeare used a reading knowledge of that poem or one like it for various details in Act 1 of Hamlet and Act 2 of Julius Caesar, details he couldn’t have found in Holinshed’s Chronicles. Harry Morris contends that those details could have come to Shakespeare via John Daye’s A Book of Christian Prayer (1578) or the Holkham Bible (14th century). The signs also occur in the shearmen’s Prophets of Antichrist, part of the fifteenth-century Chester Mystery Plays.See also[edit]References[edit]Reference bibliography[edit]Baker, A. T. (1897). “Fifteen Signs of Doomsday”. Modern Language Quarterly. 1 (2): 63\u201364. JSTOR\u00a041163389.Clopper, Lawrence M. (1978). “The History and Development of the Chester Cycle”. Modern Philology. 75 (s): 219\u201346. doi:10.1086\/390788. JSTOR\u00a0436982. S2CID\u00a0161359966.Conley, C. H. (1915). “An Instance of the Fifteen Signs of Judgment in Shakespeare”. Modern Language Notes. 30 (2): 41\u201344. doi:10.2307\/2916899. JSTOR\u00a02916899.Dunn, Charles W. (1958). “Rev. of Heist, The Fifteen Signs before Doomsday“. The Journal of American Folklore. 71 (280): 189. doi:10.2307\/537713. hdl:2027\/mdp.39015010721762. JSTOR\u00a0537713.Emmerson, Richard Kenneth; Herzman, Ronald B. (1980). “Antichrist, Simon Magus, and Dante’s Inferno XIX”. Traditio. 36: 373\u201398. doi:10.1017\/S0362152900009296. JSTOR\u00a027831081. S2CID\u00a0152106902.Gatch, Milton McCormick (1964). “Two Uses of Apocrypha in Old English Homilies”. Church History. 33 (4): 379\u201391. doi:10.2307\/3162832. JSTOR\u00a03162832. S2CID\u00a0161641954.Heist, William W. (1944). “Welsh Prose Versions of the Fifteen Signs before Doomsday”. Speculum. 19 (4): 421\u201332. doi:10.2307\/2853480. JSTOR\u00a02853480. S2CID\u00a0162649268.Giliberto, Concetta (2007). “The Fifteen Signs of Doomsday of the First Riustring Manuscript”.  In Bremmer, Rolf Hendrik; Laker, Stephen; Vries, Oebele (eds.). Advances in Old Frisian Philology. Rige Estrikken. Vol.\u00a080. Rodopi. ISBN\u00a09789042021815.Morris, Harry (1985). Last Things in Shakespeare. Tallahassee: Florida State UP.Further reading[edit]  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/fifteen-signs-before-doomsday-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Fifteen Signs before Doomsday – Wikipedia"}}]}]