[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gadd45a-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gadd45a-wikipedia\/","headline":"GADD45A – Wikipedia","name":"GADD45A – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45","datePublished":"2021-06-13","dateModified":"2021-06-13","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png","height":"16","width":"12"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gadd45a-wikipedia\/","wordCount":8308,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiensGrowth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GADD45A gene.[5][6][7]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsFunction[edit]Applications[edit]Interactions[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Further reading[edit]External links[edit]Function[edit]This gene is a member of a group of genes, the GADD45 genes, whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents (mutagens). The DNA damage-induced transcription of this gene is mediated by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38\/JNK pathway via MTK1\/MEKK4 kinase.[7]Applications[edit]The fact that expression of this gene is an indicator of DNA damage has been exploited to construct an in vitro test for mutagenicity, the GADD45a-GFP GreenScreen HC assay.[8] This assay consists of a cell line which has been engineered so that expression of GADD45A will lead to expression of green fluorescent protein, which can easily be detected. To test a substance for mutagenicity, it is applied to these cells and fluorescence is measured.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Interactions[edit]GADD45A has been shown to interact with:See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116717 – Ensembl, May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036390 – Ensembl, May 2017^ “Human PubMed Reference:”. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.^ “Mouse PubMed Reference:”. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.^ Papathanasiou MA, Kerr NC, Robbins JH, McBride OW, Alamo I Jr, Barrett SF, Hickson ID, Fornace AJ Jr (March 1991). “Induction by ionizing radiation of the gadd45 gene in cultured human cells: lack of mediation by protein kinase C”. Mol Cell Biol. 11 (2): 1009\u201316. doi:10.1128\/MCB.11.2.1009. PMC\u00a0359769. PMID\u00a01990262.^ Hollander MC, Alamo I, Jackman J, Wang MG, McBride OW, Fornace AJ Jr (December 1993). “Analysis of the mammalian gadd45 gene and its response to DNA damage”. J Biol Chem. 268 (32): 24385\u201393. doi:10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)80537-7. PMID\u00a08226988.^ a b “Entrez Gene: GADD45A growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha”.^ Walmsley RM, Tate M (2012). “The GADD45a-GFP GreenScreen HC assay”. Genetic Toxicology. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol.\u00a0817. pp.\u00a0231\u201350. doi:10.1007\/978-1-61779-421-6_12. ISBN\u00a0978-1-61779-420-9. PMID\u00a022147576.^ S\u00e1nchez R, Pantoja-Uceda D, Prieto J, Diercks T, Marcaida MJ, Montoya G, Campos-Olivas R, Blanco FJ (July 2010). “Solution structure of human growth arrest and DNA damage 45alpha (Gadd45alpha) and its interactions with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Aurora A kinase”. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (29): 22196\u2013201. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M109.069344. PMC\u00a02903397. PMID\u00a020460379.^ a b Zhan Q, Antinore MJ, Wang XW, Carrier F, Smith ML, Harris CC, Fornace AJ (May 1999). “Association with Cdc2 and inhibition of Cdc2\/Cyclin B1 kinase activity by the p53-regulated protein Gadd45”. Oncogene. 18 (18): 2892\u2013900. doi:10.1038\/sj.onc.1202667. PMID\u00a010362260.^ Jin S, Antinore MJ, Lung FD, Dong X, Zhao H, Fan F, Colchagie AB, Blanck P, Roller PP, Fornace AJ, Zhan Q (June 2000). “The GADD45 inhibition of Cdc2 kinase correlates with GADD45-mediated growth suppression”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16602\u20138. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M000284200. PMID\u00a010747892.^ a b c Yang Q, Manicone A, Coursen JD, Linke SP, Nagashima M, Forgues M, Wang XW (November 2000). “Identification of a functional domain in a GADD45-mediated G2\/M checkpoint”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (47): 36892\u20138. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M005319200. PMID\u00a010973963.^ a b Vairapandi M, Balliet AG, Hoffman B, Liebermann DA (September 2002). “GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2\/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a role in S and G2\/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress”. J. Cell. Physiol. 192 (3): 327\u201338. doi:10.1002\/jcp.10140. PMID\u00a012124778. S2CID\u00a019138273.^ Chung HK, Yi YW, Jung NC, Kim D, Suh JM, Kim H, Park KC, Song JH, Kim DW, Hwang ES, Yoon SH, Bae YS, Kim JM, Bae I, Shong M (July 2003). “CR6-interacting factor 1 interacts with Gadd45 family proteins and modulates the cell cycle”. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (30): 28079\u201388. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M212835200. PMID\u00a012716909.^ Takekawa M, Saito H (November 1998). “A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1\/MEKK4 MAPKKK”. Cell. 95 (4): 521\u201330. doi:10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81619-0. PMID\u00a09827804. S2CID\u00a018980341.^ Zhao H, Jin S, Antinore MJ, Lung FD, Fan F, Blanck P, Roller P, Fornace AJ, Zhan Q (July 2000). “The central region of Gadd45 is required for its interaction with p21\/WAF1”. Exp. Cell Res. 258 (1): 92\u2013100. doi:10.1006\/excr.2000.4906. PMID\u00a010912791.^ Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O’Connor PM, Fornace AJ (November 1994). “Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen”. Science. 266 (5189): 1376\u201380. Bibcode:1994Sci…266.1376S. doi:10.1126\/science.7973727. PMID\u00a07973727.^ Chen IT, Smith ML, O’Connor PM, Fornace AJ (November 1995). “Direct interaction of Gadd45 with PCNA and evidence for competitive interaction of Gadd45 and p21Waf1\/Cip1 with PCNA”. Oncogene. 11 (10): 1931\u20137. PMID\u00a07478510.^ Vairapandi M, Azam N, Balliet AG, Hoffman B, Liebermann DA (June 2000). “Characterization of MyD118, Gadd45, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) interacting domains. PCNA impedes MyD118 AND Gadd45-mediated negative growth control”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16810\u20139. doi:10.1074\/jbc.275.22.16810. PMID\u00a010828065.^ Hall PA, Kearsey JM, Coates PJ, Norman DG, Warbrick E, Cox LS (June 1995). “Characterisation of the interaction between PCNA and Gadd45”. Oncogene. 10 (12): 2427\u201333. PMID\u00a07784094.Further reading[edit]Hildesheim J, Fornace AJ (2003). “Gadd45a: an elusive yet attractive candidate gene in pancreatic cancer”. Clin. Cancer Res. 8 (8): 2475\u20139. PMID\u00a012171872.Chen IT, Smith ML, O’Connor PM, Fornace AJ (1995). “Direct interaction of Gadd45 with PCNA and evidence for competitive interaction of Gadd45 and p21Waf1\/Cip1 with PCNA”. Oncogene. 11 (10): 1931\u20137. PMID\u00a07478510.Kearsey JM, Coates PJ, Prescott AR,  et\u00a0al. (1995). “Gadd45 is a nuclear cell cycle regulated protein which interacts with p21Cip1”. Oncogene. 11 (9): 1675\u201383. PMID\u00a07478594.Hall PA, Kearsey JM, Coates PJ,  et\u00a0al. (1995). “Characterisation of the interaction between PCNA and Gadd45”. Oncogene. 10 (12): 2427\u201333. PMID\u00a07784094.Carrier F, Smith ML, Bae I,  et\u00a0al. (1995). “Characterization of human Gadd45, a p53-regulated protein”. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (51): 32672\u20137. doi:10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31687-9. PMID\u00a07798274.Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q,  et\u00a0al. (1994). “Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen”. Science. 266 (5189): 1376\u201380. Bibcode:1994Sci…266.1376S. doi:10.1126\/science.7973727. PMID\u00a07973727.Warbrick E, Lane DP, Glover DM, Cox LS (1997). “Homologous regions of Fen1 and p21Cip1 compete for binding to the same site on PCNA: a potential mechanism to co-ordinate DNA replication and repair”. Oncogene. 14 (19): 2313\u201321. doi:10.1038\/sj.onc.1201072. PMID\u00a09178907.Warbrick E, Heatherington W, Lane DP, Glover DM (1998). “PCNA binding proteins in Drosophila melanogaster\u00a0: the analysis of a conserved PCNA binding domain”. Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (17): 3925\u201332. doi:10.1093\/nar\/26.17.3925. PMC\u00a0147798. PMID\u00a09705499.Takekawa M, Saito H (1998). “A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1\/MEKK4 MAPKKK”. Cell. 95 (4): 521\u201330. doi:10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81619-0. PMID\u00a09827804. S2CID\u00a018980341.Carrier F, Georgel PT, Pourquier P,  et\u00a0al. (1999). “Gadd45, a p53-responsive stress protein, modifies DNA accessibility on damaged chromatin”. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (3): 1673\u201385. doi:10.1128\/MCB.19.3.1673. PMC\u00a083961. PMID\u00a010022855.Zhan Q, Antinore MJ, Wang XW,  et\u00a0al. (1999). “Association with Cdc2 and inhibition of Cdc2\/Cyclin B1 kinase activity by the p53-regulated protein Gadd45”. Oncogene. 18 (18): 2892\u2013900. doi:10.1038\/sj.onc.1202667. PMID\u00a010362260.Jin S, Antinore MJ, Lung FD,  et\u00a0al. (2000). “The GADD45 inhibition of Cdc2 kinase correlates with GADD45-mediated growth suppression”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16602\u20138. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M000284200. PMID\u00a010747892.Vairapandi M, Azam N, Balliet AG,  et\u00a0al. (2000). “Characterization of MyD118, Gadd45, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) interacting domains. PCNA impedes MyD118 AND Gadd45-mediated negative growth control”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16810\u20139. doi:10.1074\/jbc.275.22.16810. PMID\u00a010828065.Yi YW, Kim D, Jung N,  et\u00a0al. (2000). “Gadd45 family proteins are coactivators of nuclear hormone receptors”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272 (1): 193\u20138. doi:10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2760. PMID\u00a010872826.Zhao H, Jin S, Antinore MJ,  et\u00a0al. (2000). “The central region of Gadd45 is required for its interaction with p21\/WAF1”. Exp. Cell Res. 258 (1): 92\u2013100. doi:10.1006\/excr.2000.4906. PMID\u00a010912791.Yang Q, Manicone A, Coursen JD,  et\u00a0al. (2001). “Identification of a functional domain in a GADD45-mediated G2\/M checkpoint”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (47): 36892\u20138. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M005319200. PMID\u00a010973963.Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). “DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination”. Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788\u201395. doi:10.1101\/gr.143000. PMC\u00a0310948. PMID\u00a011076863.Kovalsky O, Lung FD, Roller PP, Fornace AJ (2001). “Oligomerization of human Gadd45a protein”. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (42): 39330\u20139. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M105115200. PMID\u00a011498536.External links[edit] Media related to GADD45A at Wikimedia Commons       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gadd45a-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"GADD45A – Wikipedia"}}]}]