[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/geotail-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/geotail-wikipedia\/","headline":"Geotail – Wikipedia","name":"Geotail – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Geotail Geotail satellite (artist’s concept) Mission type Earth observation Operator ISAS\u00a0\/ NASA COSPAR ID 1992-044A","datePublished":"2022-12-01","dateModified":"2022-12-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Geotail_satellite.jpg\/260px-Geotail_satellite.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Geotail_satellite.jpg\/260px-Geotail_satellite.jpg","height":"337","width":"260"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/geotail-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2042,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGeotailGeotail satellite (artist’s concept)Mission typeEarth observationOperatorISAS\u00a0\/ NASACOSPAR ID1992-044A SATCAT no.22049Websitewww.stp.isas.jaxa.jp\/geotail\/Mission duration30\u00a0years, 4\u00a0months, 4\u00a0daysLaunch mass980\u00a0kg (2,160\u00a0lb)Power273.0\u00a0wattsLaunch date24 July 1992, 14:26:00\u00a0(1992-07-24UTC14:26Z)\u00a0UTCRocketDelta II 6925Launch siteCape Canaveral LC-17ADeactivated28 November 2022Reference\u00a0systemGeocentricRegimeHEOSemi-major axis127,367.75\u00a0km (79,142.65\u00a0mi)[1]Eccentricity0.5469845[1]Perigee altitude51,328\u00a0km (31,894\u00a0mi)[1]Apogee altitude190,664\u00a0km (118,473\u00a0mi)[1]Inclination10.51\u00a0degrees[1]Period7539.86\u00a0minutes[1]Epoch15 January 2015, 13:40:53\u00a0UTC[1]\u00a0Geotail was a satellite that observed the Earth’s magnetosphere.  It was developed by Japan’s ISAS in association with the United States’ NASA, and was launched by a Delta II rocket on 24 July 1992 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.The primary purpose of this mission is to study the structure and dynamics of the tail region of the magnetosphere with a comprehensive set of scientific instruments. For this purpose, the orbit has been designed to cover the magnetotail over a wide range of distances: 8\u00a0REarth to 210\u00a0REarth from the earth. This orbit also allowed it to study the boundary region of the magnetosphere as it skims the magnetopause at perigees. In the first two years the double lunar swing-by technique was used to keep apogees in the distant magnetotail. This involved 14 lunar flybys.[2]In 1993 the computer that controls the Low Energy Particles experiment locked up.[2] Attempts to reset it failed.[2] This problem was solved by changing the trajectory of the craft during a lunar flyby that took place on 26 September 1993 so that it passed through the shadow of the moon.[2] Power from the batteries was cut while this took place.[2] When the craft left the shadow of the moon, power returned and the computer started working again.[2]The apogee was lowered down to 50\u00a0REarth in mid November 1994 and then to 30\u00a0REarth in February 1995 in order to study substorm processes in the near-Earth tail region. The present orbit is 9\u00a0REarth \u00d7 30\u00a0REarth with inclination of -7\u00b0 to the ecliptic plane.”Geotail instruments studied electric fields, magnetic fields, plasmas, energetic particles, and plasma waves.[3]In 1994 the principal investigator of the Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI),  the experiment complement, was Professor Hiroshi Matsumoto of Kyoto University, with co-investigators from NASA, the University of Iowa, and STX Corporation.[4]Geotail is an active mission as of 2021[update].[5] Geotail, WIND, Polar, SOHO, and Cluster were all part of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Science Initiative (ISTP) project.[5]In June of 2022, the second and final of Geotails two data recorders failed, jeopardizing science observation.[6]  It was decided to terminate the operation, and the spacecraft was deactivated on 28 November 2022.[7]Table of ContentsDiscoveries[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Discoveries[edit]Geotail data has been used to show that flux transfer events move faster than the ambient medium through the Magnetosphere.[8] Those within the Magnetosheath were shown to move both faster and slower than the ambient medium.[8]During the lunar flybys Geotail identified oxygen, silicon, sodium and aluminium in the lunar atmosphere.[2]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyKosmos 2195USA-82SAMPEXUSA-83Kosmos 2196INSAT-2A, Eutelsat-2 F4Kosmos 2197, Kosmos 2198, Kosmos 2199, Kosmos 2200, Kosmos 2201, Kosmos 2202Gorizont No.37LGeotail, DUVEKosmos 2203Soyuz TM-15Kosmos 2204, Kosmos 2205, Kosmos 2206Kosmos 2207STS-46 (EURECA, TSS-1)AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberLaunches are separated by dots (\u00a0\u2022 ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( \/ ). Cubesats are smaller.Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the \u2020 sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/geotail-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Geotail – Wikipedia"}}]}]