[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gorce-mountains-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gorce-mountains-wikipedia\/","headline":"Gorce Mountains – Wikipedia","name":"Gorce Mountains – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The Gorce Mountains (Polish: Gorce [\u02c8\u0261\u0254rt\u0361s\u025b]) are part of the Western Beskids mountain range spreading across southernmost Poland.[1] They","datePublished":"2014-06-12","dateModified":"2014-06-12","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/63\/Lynx_lynx2.jpg\/140px-Lynx_lynx2.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/63\/Lynx_lynx2.jpg\/140px-Lynx_lynx2.jpg","height":"211","width":"140"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gorce-mountains-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5390,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4The Gorce Mountains (Polish: Gorce [\u02c8\u0261\u0254rt\u0361s\u025b]) are part of the Western Beskids mountain range spreading across southernmost Poland.[1] They are situated in Ma\u0142opolska Province, at the western tip of the long Carpathian range extending east beyond the Dunajec River for some 1,500 kilometres (930\u00a0mi). The Gorce are characterized by numerous ridges reaching in all directions for up to 40 kilometres (25\u00a0mi) east\u2013west with a series of higher elevations cut by deep river valleys.[1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The range is dominated by about a dozen gentle peaks including Turbacz (the highest, at 1,310 metres (4,300\u00a0ft) above sea level) in the centre, and \u2013 facing east: Jaworzyna Kamienicka (1,288 metres (4,226\u00a0ft)), Kiczora (1,282 metres (4,206\u00a0ft)), Kud\u0142o\u0144 (1,276 metres (4,186\u00a0ft)), Przys\u0142op, Czo\u0142o and Gorc Kamienicki. The south-eastern ridge of the Gorce reaches the Pieniny range (cut off by the Ochotnica pass), with Luba\u0144 (1,225 metres (4,019\u00a0ft)) as its tallest peak followed by Pasterski Wierch, Runek and Marsza\u0142ek.[1] The north-west ridges include Obidowiec, and the peak of Suhora (1,000\u00a0m (3,300\u00a0ft)) featuring an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Pedagogical University of Krak\u00f3w.[2]There are a number of smaller caves in the Gorce, carved out in sedimentary rock and its conglomerates which form the Carpathian Flysch Belt. High annual rainfall is caused by the air forced up by the mountains and accumulating into clouds. Rain water flows fast in all directions due to dense ground and ground-cover; feeding the Raba river on the north-west side of the Gorce, and the Dunajec on the south-east side. Other rivers, formed by the mountains include the Kamienica (35 kilometres (22\u00a0mi) in length), the Ochotnica (24 kilometres (15\u00a0mi)) and the Por\u0119bianka (13 kilometres (8.1\u00a0mi)), as well as large streams such as the Turbacz, the Gorcowy and the \u0141opuszna among others. The main city is Nowy Targ on the Dunajec below in the valley of Podhale,[3] with large recreational villages including Kro\u015bcienko nad Dunajcem, Szczawa and Ochotnica.[1][4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsGeography[edit]See also[edit]Notes and references[edit]External links[edit]Geography[edit]  Part of the Gorce Mountains are protected within Gorce National Park (Polish: Gorcza\u0144ski Park Narodowy), a bird sanctuary and a biodiversity conservation area designated in 1981 by the Ma\u0142opolska Province,[5] with strictly protected zone covering 3,611\u00a0hectares,[6] out of the total park area of 7,030 hectares (27.1\u00a0sq\u00a0mi), in the highest part of the Gorce.[7][8]Wildlife include almost 50 mammal species,[9] with wolf and lynx at the top; less frequent brown bear,[10] and lutra (rare European otter), as well as marten and badger often found digging under pasture fields. The Hazel and the Forest dormouse along with the Edible dormouse are all strictly protected. There are over 200 Red deer counted in the park area, as well as Roe deer and Wild boar,[1] fox, wildcat, hare, skunk, and stoat (the ermine). Reptiles and amphibians include the fire salamander (Latin: Salamandra salamandra, the only amphibian (one of two Salamandridae) that give birth to fully formed offspring at high elevations;[11][12][13] the symbol of the Park),[8] as well as over ninety species of breeding birds including owl, eagle, hawk, grouse, black stork and others.[8]In the Gorce, there are hundreds of species of plants, including Alpine and Subalpine plants, which grow in meadows and open areas. Forests cover about 65% of the mountains, in four distinct levels according to elevation. The most common species of trees are beech, spruce and fir,[1] with the average age of up to 100 years.[8]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The Gorce landscape has been altered by human activity. Early settlers appeared in the Gorce area in the 12th century. The first monastery was erected in Lud\u017amierz by Cistercian monks in 1234. During the reign of Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki) the first castles were built, including in Czorsztyn, and more new settlements, such as the town of Kro\u015bcienko (1348) and villages: Kluszkowce (1307), Grywa\u0142d (1330), and Tylmanowa (1336), were established along the border with the Kingdom of Hungary, followed by increased commercial logging and transport. However, the Gorce forests suffered most in the 19th century during the imperial rule of Austria-Hungary. Trees were cut on a large scale, especially in easily accessible areas.[1]The Gorce Mountains are a popular tourist area, with forty well-marked trails for hiking trips two-to-four hours long, split into different levels of difficulty with the maximum distance of 17 kilometres (11\u00a0mi) (Raba\u00a0Ni\u017cna-Turbacz Trail, which is twice the average length).[14] Notably, the colors of trail blazes (signs, installed by PTTK for hikers and skiers alike) do not imply levels of difficulty, but rather primary and secondary trails with different length and orientation, for example: the red and blue colors signify trails in east-west and north-south directions, while shortest loops generally use yellow blazes.[15] Red, the longest trail, traversing the entire range: from easternmost Kro\u015bcienko nad Dunajcem, to Rabka-Zdr\u00f3j at its western end. Blue trails, from Snozka Pass (Prze\u0142\u0119cz Snozka) in the south, to Kamienica (north). Green trails, from Tylmanowa, Nied\u017awied\u017a, Nowy Targ (district capital) across the highest peaks (Turbacz, Luba\u0144). Yellow trails, from Ochotnica G\u00f3rna, Por\u0119ba Wielka, Raba Ni\u017cna to PTTK mountain chalets usually. Black trails; from Szczawa, Lubomierz, \u0141opuszna, Mszana Dolna, Rabka-Zdr\u00f3j across various meadows and passes.Panorama of the Gorce MountainsSee also[edit]Notes and references[edit]^ a b c d e f g Marek Cieszkowski (2004). W sercu Beskid\u00f3w. Geografia i przyroda Gorc\u00f3w (In the Heart of Beskids. Geography and Botany of Gorce). Gorce: przewodnik dla prawdziwego turysty (Gorce: Guide for a Qualified Tourist). Oficyna Wydawnicza “Rewasz”. pp.\u00a017\u201332. ISBN\u00a08389188198. Retrieved January 9, 2013.^ “Obserwatorium astronomiczne na szczycie Suhora (Mount Suhora Observatory)”. Pod Jaworzyn\u0105 (in Polish). Por\u0119ba Wielka – Koninki. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2013.^ Timothy J. Cooley (2005). Podhale (Google books preview). Making Music In The Polish Tatras: Tourists, Ethnographers, And Mountain Musicians. Indiana University Press. pp.\u00a019\u2013. ISBN\u00a00253344891. Retrieved January 16, 2013.^ Parks Board (2012). “Geologia, Wody, Klimat (Geology, Waters, Climate)”. Przyroda Gorc\u00f3w (Geography of the Gorce Mountains) (in Polish, English, and German). Gorcza\u0144ski Park Narodowy (Gorce National Park). Retrieved January 9, 2013.^ “General information with weather and broad selection of photographs”. Gorce National Park (in Polish). Gorcza\u0144ski Park Narodowy (Portal turystyczny iGorce.eu). Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 11, 2013.^ Study group (2013). “Gorce National Park (GNP). Introduction”. Science and research. Ka\u0161persk\u00e9 Hory: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park \u0160umava. Retrieved January 9, 2013.^ Janusz Tomasiewicz (2012). “GPN w liczbach (Park in numbers)”. O Gorcza\u0144skim Parku Narodowym (About) (in Polish, English, and German). Gorcza\u0144ski Park Narodowy (Gorce National Park). Retrieved January 9, 2013.^ a b c d “Gorczanski National Park”. Polish National Parks. University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poland (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu). 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.^ Marek Cieszkowski (2004). Geografia i przyroda Gorc\u00f3w (Geography and botany of Gorce). Gorce: przewodnik dla prawdziwego turysty (Gorce: guide for the qualified tourist). Oficyna Wydawnicza “Rewasz”. pp.\u00a029\u2013. ISBN\u00a08389188198. Retrieved January 27, 2013. Google Translate: Of the nearly fifty species of mammals living in the mountains and their foothills, in the first place, are the large predatory mammals: wolf and lynx. (Spo\u015br\u00f3d blisko pi\u0119\u0107dziesi\u0119ciu gatunk\u00f3w ssak\u00f3w zamieszkuj\u0105cych g\u00f3ry i ich podn\u00f3\u017ca na pierwszym miejscu nale\u017cy wymieni\u0107 du\u017ce ssaki drapie\u017cne: wilka i rysia.)^ Christopher Servheen (1999). Brown bear range in Poland: Gorce Mountains (Google books preview). Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). pp.\u00a090\u2013. ISBN\u00a02831704626. Retrieved January 16, 2013.^ William V. Holt; Amanda R. Pickard; John C. Rodger; David E. Wildt (2002). Amphibian reproduction: Fire salamander (Google books preview). Reproductive Science and Integrated Conservation. Cambridge University Press. p.\u00a0361. ISBN\u00a09780521011105. Retrieved January 25, 2013. S. salamandra [Fire salamander] and Mertinsiella caucasica [Caucasian salamander] … in montane regions … retain their eggs, later giving birth to well-developed young (D&T, 1986).^ Frank Indiviglio (2010). Fire Salamander: Breeding. Newts and Salamanders: Everything about Selection, Care, Nutrition, Diseases, Breeding, and Behavior. Barron’s Educational Series. p.\u00a079. ISBN\u00a0978-0764142437. Retrieved January 25, 2013. Individuals living at high elevations give birth to fully formed small salamanders, skipping the larval stage completely.^ Zoological Society of San Diego (2013). “Amphibians: Salamander & Newt”. Animal Bytes. San Diego Zoo. Retrieved January 17, 2013. “Fun facts \u2022 The fire salamander is the only amphibian that does not hatch from an egg. Instead, the babies develop inside the mother’s body” (webpage: left-hand side).^ Janusz Wojtarowicz (2012). “Gorce szlaki turystyczne (trails)”. Informator. Gorce (in Polish). Baza turystyczna Czorsztyn.com. Retrieved January 11, 2013.^ “Colors of tourist trails (Kolory szlak\u00f3w turystycznych)”. Official website. Grupa Beskidzka GOPR. Retrieved January 15, 2013.External links[edit]Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Gorce.Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gorce.The relief map of Gorce, marked with tourist trails and approximate walking time, published by Mapy g\u00f3rskie, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2013.Interactive map of the Gorce Mountains, with exact elevations, mountain passes, and the location of astronomical observatory; published by Wydawnictwo Compass, Poland. Retrieved January 11, 2013.Road-map of Gorce region with names of settlements and lakes, published by Pieniny.com in collaboration with European Union Agricultural Development Fund LEADER, 2007-2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.High zoom map of Gorce National Park, with the location of every single peak and names of all forests and streams, published by the Gorce National Park (Gorcza\u0144ski Park Narodowy), 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2013.Selection of smaller maps of walking, biking, skiing, and horse-riding trails in the Park, with an introduction to levels of difficulty by Krystyna Popko – Tomasiewicz, published by Gorcza\u0144ski Park Narodowy. Retrieved January 11, 2013.Selection of 9 interactive maps of Beskids (including Gorce Mountains as well as Bieszczady), digitized from Mapa turystyczna Gorce published by Wydawnictwo “Sygnatura”, Polkart. Retrieved January 11, 2013 (courtesy of Maps online e-Gory.pl).East Carpathians Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO at MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory. Retrieved January 10, 2013.Places adjacent to Gorce Mountains     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/gorce-mountains-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Gorce Mountains – Wikipedia"}}]}]