[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/kedang-language-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/kedang-language-wikipedia\/","headline":"Kedang language – Wikipedia","name":"Kedang language – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Language in Indonesia K\u00e9dang (Kdang, Dang, Kedangese) is a language spoken in the Kedang region","datePublished":"2020-11-02","dateModified":"2020-11-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/kedang-language-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3306,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaLanguage in IndonesiaK\u00e9dang (Kdang, Dang, Kedangese) is a language spoken in the Kedang region on the north coast of Lembata Island, east of Flores, in Indonesia. The language belongs to the Austronesian family and its sub-family, Malayo-Polynesian.[2] More specifically, the language is within the Flores-Lembata sub-group.[2] There are approximately 30,000 speakers of the language.Table of ContentsBackground[edit]Phonology[edit]Vowels[edit]Consonants[edit]Word classes[edit]Nouns[edit]Pronouns[edit]Adjectives[edit]Verbs[edit]References[edit]Background[edit]The name of the language is also the name of the region where the language is spoken, Kedang.[3] The region ranges to about 266 square kilometres including two administrative areas \u2013 Omesuri and Buyaqsuri.[3] As of today, there are approximately about 30,000 speakers of the language.[2] The majority of the speakers is engaged in agricultural productions which are mainly farming and fishing.[3]Phonology[edit]Vowels[edit]K\u00e9dang has a total of twelve vowels in its language, separated into two sets evenly with six vowels per set.[4] One set is composed of modal vowels or also known as normal vowels while the other set is breathy vowels.[4] The vowels can be distinct by two different methods: by the word initial position and by the pitch. Modal vowels (normal vowels) occur in the middle and the final position while breathy vowels do not.[4] While the breathy vowels are pronounced at a lower pitch.[4]Consonants[edit]There are twenty consonants in the K\u00e9dang alphabet.[5] The consonants display different manners of articulation including plosives, nasals, lateral, flap, trill, fricatives and continuant.[5]Word classes[edit]K\u00e9dang developed its word classes to include nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, numerals, prepositions, interjections, conjunctions and classifiers.[6]Nouns[edit]Nouns are formed when affixes are added to the verbs. K\u00e9dang’s affixes are the nominalizing prefix N-, the nominalizing infix -an-, the suffix -n and the free form wala.[7]The nominalizing prefix N- replaces the initial consonant.[7] For example:t \u2192  n      tadaq ‘to advise’ \u2192 nadaq ‘advice’[7]k \u2192 n      kariq ‘to speak’ \u2192 nariq ‘language’[7]The nominalizing infix -an- is added after the initial consonant.[8] For example:kawang ‘to flow’ \u2192 kanawang ‘current’[8]tangul ‘to cover a pot with a lid’ \u2192 tanangul ‘lid’[8]The suffix -n is added to verbs and adjectives at the end of the words.[9] For example:dei ‘to follow’ \u2192 dein ‘offspring’[9]mate ‘dead’ \u2192 maten ‘corpse’[9]The free form wala follows after a verb to indicate the person who is acting out the verb.[9] For examples:durung ‘to sell’ \u2192 durung wala ‘seller’[9]huang ‘to play’ \u2192 huang wala ‘player’[9]Pronouns[edit]K\u00e9dang’s pronouns follow the three-way system of singular-dual-plural. They are divided into seven categories: personal, emphatic, possessive, emphatic-possessive, adessive, agent focus and action focus.[10]PersonalEmphaticPossessiveEmphatic-PossessiveAdessiveAgent FocusAction FocusSubjectiveObjectiveSubjectiveObjectivePerson1st singular>ei, >eqi>eqikokoqkoqokoqi>ekoeti\u00e8r\u00e8g2nd singularoomomoqmoqomeqiomootim\u00e8r\u00e8q3rd singularnuo, ninuoneneqneqeneqinenenetin\u00e8r\u00e8q1st plural exclusive(exclude the addressee(s))e, keekekeqkeqekeqiekeketim\u00e8r\u00e8q1st plural inclusive(include the addressee(s))teteteteqteqeteqitetetetit\u00e8r\u00e8q2nd pluralmemememeqmeqemeqimememetim\u00e8r\u00e8q3rd pluralsuo, sesuoseseqseqeseqisesesetis\u00e8r\u00e8qAdjectives[edit]K\u00e9dang adjectives are divided into two functions: predicative and attributive.[11] In order to distinguish these two functions, a suffix -n is added after the end vowel of a predicative adjective for it to become attributive.[11] If the adjective ends with a consonant, there will be no change.[11]PredicativeAttributive‘wet’bahabahan‘alive’bitabitan‘sour’kirukirun‘new’werunwerun‘red’korongkorong‘shy’iwiqiwiqVerbs[edit]There is only one verb tense in K\u00e9dang that is fully developed \u2013 future tense.[12] The other tenses usually require an adverb that indicates time (past, present or future) to support the content along with the verb used.[12]Future Tense (‘will’)SingularPluralPerson1st exclusive(exclude addressee(s))enakena1st inclusive(including addressee(s))tena2ndonamena3rdnenasena^ Kedang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)^ a b c “Kedang”. Retrieved 2016-09-12.^ a b c Samely 1991, p.\u00a01^ a b c d Samely 1991, p.\u00a011^ a b Samely 1991, p.\u00a036^ Samely 1991, p.\u00a063^ a b c d Samely 1991, p.\u00a065^ a b c Samely 1991, p.\u00a066^ a b c d e f Samely 1991, p.\u00a067^ Samely 1991, p.\u00a068^ a b c Samely 1991, p.\u00a084^ a b Samely 1991, p.\u00a087References[edit]  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/kedang-language-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Kedang language – Wikipedia"}}]}]