[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/knyaz-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/knyaz-wikipedia\/","headline":"Knyaz – Wikipedia","name":"Knyaz – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Historical\u00a0Slavic\u00a0title for a ruler Until Boris I (852\u2013889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was knyaz (\u041a\u043d\u0463\u0437\u044a). His son,","datePublished":"2017-09-06","dateModified":"2017-09-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2c\/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg\/200px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2c\/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg\/200px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg","height":"410","width":"200"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/knyaz-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4362,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Historical\u00a0Slavic\u00a0title for a ruler  Until Boris I (852\u2013889) the title of the Bulgarian monarchs was knyaz (\u041a\u043d\u0463\u0437\u044a). His son, Simeon I (893\u2013927), adopted the title Tsar (emperor), which became the title of the subsequent Bulgarian rulers.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Template (table) of early Slavic statusKnyaz, kniaz  or knez (Old Church Slavonic: \u043a\u043d\u0467\u0437\u044c) is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times of history and different ancient Slavic lands. It is usually translated into English as prince or duke, depending on specific historical context and the potentially known Latin equivalents of the title for each bearer of the name. In Latin sources the title is usually translated as princeps, but the word was originally derived from the common Germanic *kuningaz (king).[1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0433\u0438\u043d\u044f), kneginja in Slovene and Serbo-Croatian (Serbian Cyrillic: \u043a\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0430), kniahinia (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0433\u0456\u043d\u044f) in Belarusian and kniazio\u016dna (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u0451\u045e\u043d\u0430) is the daughter of the prince, kniahynia (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0433\u0438\u043d\u044f) in Ukrainian. In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is knyazhna (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0430). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is knyazhich (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0438\u0447 in its old form).[2]The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Serbo-Croatian and some West Slavic languages, the word has later come to denote “lord”, and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean “priest” (kn\u011bz, ksi\u0105dz, k\u0148az) as well as “prince\/duke” (knez, kn\u00ed\u017ee, ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119, knie\u017ea).[3] In Sorbian it means simply “Mister” (from “Master”.  Compare French monsieur from mon sieur “my lord”), and the Catholic title “monsignor” for a priest. Today the term knez is still used as the most common translation of “prince” in Slovenian, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. Knez is also found as a surname in former Yugoslavia.[4]Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Etymology[edit]Middle Ages[edit]Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth[edit]South Slavic countries[edit]Bulgaria[edit]Bosnia[edit]Croatia[edit]Montenegro[edit]Serbia[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]External links[edit]Etymology[edit]  The word is ultimately a cognate of the English king, the German K\u00f6nig, and the Swedish konung. The proto-Slavic form was \u043a\u044a\u043d\u0467\u0455\u044c, k\u016dn\u0119dz\u012d;[5]Church Slavonic: \u043a\u044a\u043d\u0467\u0455\u044c,[6]k\u016dn\u0119dz\u012d; Bulgarian: \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437, knyaz; Old East Slavic: \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c, knyaz\u012d; Polish: ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119; Serbo-Croatian Latin: knez \/ Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: \u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437; Czech: kn\u00ed\u017ee; Slovak: knie\u017ea; etc. It is generally considered to be an early borrowing from Proto-Germanic kuningaz, a form also borrowed by Finnish and Estonian (kuningas).[3][7]Middle Ages[edit]The meaning of the term changed over the course of history. Initially the term was used to denote the chieftain of a Slavic tribe. Later, with the development of feudal statehood, it became the title of a ruler of a state, and among East Slavs (Russian: \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (knyazhestvo), Ukrainian: \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u0456\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, romanized:\u00a0kniazivstvo) traditionally translated as duchy or principality), for example, of Kievan Rus’. In medieval Latin sources the title was rendered as either rex or dux.In Bulgaria, Boris I of Bulgaria changed his title to knyaz after his conversion to Christianity, but his son Simeon took the higher title of tsar soon in 913. According to Florin Curta, the primary sources have a variety of names for the rulers of the bulgars – such as including \u2018rex\u2019, \u2018basileus\u2019 and \u2018khagan\u2019. However, secondary sources are almost always ‘khan’.[8] In Kievan Rus’, as the degree of centralization grew, the ruler acquired the title Velikii Knyaz (\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c) (translated as Grand Prince or Grand Duke, see Russian Grand Dukes). He ruled a Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435c\u0442\u0432\u043e, romanized:\u00a0Velikoye Knyazhestvo or Ukrainian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0437i\u0432c\u0442\u0432\u043e, romanized:\u00a0Velyke Knyazivstvo (Grand Duchy), while a ruler of its vassal constituent (udel, udelnoe knyazivstvo or volost) was called udelny knyaz or simply knyaz.When Kievan Rus’ became fragmented in the 13th century, the title Kniaz continued to be used in East Slavic states, including Kiev, Chernihiv, Novgorod, Pereiaslav, Vladimir-Suzdal, Muscovy, Tver, Kingdom of Ruthenia, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[9]  As the Tsardom of Russia gained dominion over much of former Kievan Rus’, velikii kniaz (\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c) (Great Kniaz) Ivan IV of Russia in 1547 was crowned as Tsar. From the mid-18th century onwards, the title Velikii Kniaz was revived to refer to (male-line) sons and grandsons of Russian Emperors. See titles for Tsar’s family for details.Kniaz (Russian: \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c, IPA:\u00a0[\u02c8kn\u02b2\u00e6s\u02b2]) continued as a hereditary title of Russian nobility patrilineally descended from Rurik (e.g., Belozersky, Belosselsky-Belozersky, Repnin, Gorchakov) or Gediminas (e.g., Galitzine, Troubetzkoy). Members of Rurikid or Gedyminid families were called princes when they ruled tiny quasi-sovereign medieval principalities. After their demesnes were absorbed by Muscovy, they settled at the Moscow court and were authorised to continue with their princely titles.From the 18th century onwards, the title was occasionally granted by the Tsar, for the first time by Peter the Great to his associate Alexander Menshikov, and then by Catherine the Great to her lover Grigory Potemkin. After 1801, with the incorporation of Georgia into the Russian Empire, various titles of numerous local nobles were controversially rendered in Russian as “kniazes”. Similarly, many petty Tatar nobles asserted their right to style themselves “kniazes” because they descended from Genghis Khan.Finally, within the Russian Empire of 1809\u20131917, Finland was officially called Grand Principality of Finland (Finnish: Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, Swedish: Storfurstend\u00f6met Finland, Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, romanized:\u00a0Velikoye Knyazhestvo Finlyandskoye).Translation issuesRussianEnglish analogs, approximatelyEnglish analogs after the 18th centurykniaz (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c, [\u02c8knj\u00e6s\u02b2])kingdukeprincekniaginia (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0433\u0438\u043d\u044f, [kn\u02b2\u026a\u02c8gin\u02b2\u0259])queenduchessprincesskniazhich (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0438\u0447, [\u02c8knja\u0290\u0268t\u0361\u0255])prince (son of a king)son of a dukeprince (son of a prince)kniazhna (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0430, [kn\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0290na])princess (daughter of a king)daughter of a dukeprincess (daughter of a prince)Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth[edit]As noted above, the title knyaz or kniaz became a hereditary noble title in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Following the union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, knia\u017a became a recognised title in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. By the 1630s \u2013 apart from the title pan, which indicated membership of the large szlachta noble class \u2013 knia\u017a was the only hereditary title that was officially recognised and officially used in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Notable holders of the title knia\u017a include Jeremi Wi\u015bniowiecki.South Slavic countries[edit]In the 19th century, the Serbian term knez (\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437) and the Bulgarian term knyaz (\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437) were revived to denote semi-independent rulers of those countries, such as Alexander Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107 and Alexander of Battenberg. In parts of Serbia and western Bulgaria, knez was the informal title of the elder or mayor of a village or zadruga until around the 19th century.  Those are officially called gradona\u010delnik (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043a) (Serbia) and gradonachalnik (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043a) or kmet (\u043a\u043c\u0435\u0442) (Bulgaria).Bulgaria[edit]Prior to Battenberg, the title knyaz was born by Simeon I during the First Bulgarian Empire (9th\u201310th century). At the height of his power, Simeon adopted the title of tsar (“emperor”), as did the Bulgarian rulers after the country became officially independent in 1908.As of Bulgaria’s independence in 1908, Knyaz Ferdinand became Tsar Ferdinand, and the words knyaz and knyaginya began to be used instead for the tsar’s children\u00a0\u2013 the heir to the throne, for example, held the title Knyaz Tarnovski (Prince of Turnovo”).Bosnia[edit]In early medieval Bosnia knez (knjaz, \u043a\u045a\u0430\u0437) was a title used, along \u017eupan and duke titles, for Bosnian rulers.[10] One of the first such ruler, recorded in historic documents and later historiography, was Stephen, Duke of Bosnia.Later it was held by several of most powerful magnates (in Bosnia vlastelin) of the era, sometime along with an office title given to person through service to the monarch, such as Grand Duke of Bosnia, which was office of the supreme military commander of the realm. Other noble titles included the count, the duke and the prince. The title is equivalent to that of prince. Among most influential of Bosnian nobleman with the title knez was Pavle Radinovi\u0107 of Radinovi\u0107-Pavlovi\u0107 noble family, while other include several noblemen from Radojevi\u0107-Mirkovi\u0107 family, such as Bati\u0107 Mirkovi\u0107. Further families that bear this title are for example \u0160anti\u0107 noble family and most members of Hrvatini\u0107.Croatia[edit]Montenegro[edit]Serbia[edit]knez (\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437) or knjaz (\u043a\u045a\u0430\u0437) is a common term used in Serbian historiography for Serbian rulers in the Early Middle Ages, who were titled archon in Greek.knez (\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437) or knjaz (\u043a\u045a\u0430\u0437) was a noble title used by medieval rulers of the Principality of Serbia, Duklja,[citation needed] and Moravian Serbia.knez (\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437) was a title borne by local Serbian chiefs under the Ottoman Empire. It was another name for the Ottoman Turkish rank of kodjabashi, held by local Christian chiefs.[15]obor-knez (\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440-\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437) was a title borne by elected local native Serbian chiefs of the nahiyah (district of a group of villages) in the Ottoman Sanjak of Smederevo (also known as the Belgrade Pashaluk). The obor-knez was senior chief and responsible for his district’s people and was their spokesman (intermediary) in direct relations with the Pasha, though usually through the sipahi, and was in charge of the transfer of taxes levied on the villages.knez (\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0437) or knjaz (\u043a\u045a\u0430\u0437) was the monarchial title used by Milo\u0161 Obrenovi\u0107 in Principality of Serbia, translated as “Prince”. Serbia known as Kne\u017eevina Srbija (\u041a\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430) was de facto independent since 1817, becoming de jure independent with the 1869 constitution. The successors of Milo\u0161 used the title until 1882 when Serbia was elevated into a kingdom.See also[edit]References[edit]^ de Madariaga, I. (1997) “Tsar into emperor: the title of Peter the Great”, in Hatton, R.M. et al. Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN\u00a09780521026512, p. 354^ \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0412. \u0422\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0432 4-\u0445 \u0442. \u041c., 1956. \u0422. 2, \u0441. 126; \u0420\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c. \u0413. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041c., 1978, \u0441. 228.^ a b “\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c”. “Vasmer’s Etymological Dictionary” online^ \u0424\u0440\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0418. \u042f. \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0443\u0441\u044c. \u041b., 1980. \u0421. 17^ Skok, Petar. Etimologijski Rje\u010dnik Hrvatskoga ili Srpskoga Jezika. 1972.^ Ed. Kurz, Josef. Slovnik Jazyka Staroslov\u011bnskeho: Lexicon Linguae Palaeoslavonicae. 1958.^ “knez”. Oxford English Dictionary, 1989, online [1] (subscription required)^ The medieval networks in East Central Europe\u00a0: commerce, contacts, communication. Bal\u00e1zs Nagy, Felicitas Schmieder, Andr\u00e1s Vadas. London. 2019. p.\u00a021. ISBN\u00a0978-1-351-37116-2. OCLC\u00a01097111080.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: others (link)^ \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c \/\/ \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u042d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b (speakrus.ru) ^ a b “knez”. Croatian Encyclopedia by Miroslav Krle\u017ea Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-17.^ “Borna”. Croatian Biographical Lexicon by Miroslav Krle\u017ea Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-17.^ “Trpimir I”. Croatian Biographical Lexicon by Miroslav Krle\u017ea Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-17.^ “Domagoj”. Croatian Biographical Lexicon by Miroslav Krle\u017ea Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-17.^ “Branimir”. Croatian Biographical Lexicon by Miroslav Krle\u017ea Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-17.^ Stavrianos, Leften Stavros (2000) [1958]. The Balkans Since 1453. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p.\u00a0224. ISBN\u00a01850655510.Sources[edit]Mihalj\u010di\u0107, R. (1999) Knez. in: \u0106irkovi\u0107 S.i R.Mihalj\u010di\u0107 [ed.] Leksikon srpskog srednjeg veka, Beograd, str. 299-301External links[edit] Media related to Knyaz at Wikimedia Commons     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/knyaz-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Knyaz – Wikipedia"}}]}]