[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/lietuvens-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/lietuvens-wikipedia\/","headline":"Lietuv\u0113ns – Wikipedia","name":"Lietuv\u0113ns – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Mythological creature in Latvian folklore after-content-x4 Lietuv\u0113ns or lietonis (in Latgale also can be called \u201cl\u012bt\u016b\u0146\u0161\u201d,[1] similar to Slavic","datePublished":"2017-05-06","dateModified":"2017-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/db\/Lietuvena_krusts.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/db\/Lietuvena_krusts.png","height":"259","width":"149"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/lietuvens-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3243,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Mythological creature in Latvian folklore       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Lietuv\u0113ns or lietonis (in Latgale also can be called \u201cl\u012bt\u016b\u0146\u0161\u201d,[1] similar to Slavic \u201cmara\u201d (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430[2]) or Lithuanian \u201clauma\u201d[3]) is a mythological creature in Latvian folklore. According to Latvian folk epics and omens, lietuv\u0113ns is the soul of a murdered (strangled, drowned or hanged) person cursed to live in this world as long as it has been meant to live. By some beliefs, it is the soul of an unbaptized child. It attacks both people and domestic animals.[1]Sleep paralysis is thought to be torture or strangling by a lietuv\u0113ns. When under attack, one must move the toe of the left foot to get rid of the attacker.[1] It is also said that lietuv\u0113ns is able to penetrate into houses, even through keyholes[4] and, aside from nightmares, can strangle the victim.[5]Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Appearance[edit]Methods of protection[edit]Lietuv\u0113ns’s cross[edit]Fix the hole where lietuv\u0113ns comes from[edit]Move a toe[edit]Find lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 body and bury with honors[edit]Protection of farm animals[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Appearance[edit]In Latvian folk culture, lietuv\u0113ns is usually described as a labored wretched child. It is small in height, moves fast, and comes at noon or night. Sometimes, but rarely, it turns into ugly vicious women reminiscent of a witch. It always leaves through the same place: where it entered. Commonly it\u2019s some hole or crack in the wall; also it can be a keyhole or slot in the door.[1]Moreover, old omens also say that lietuv\u0113ns rides and strangles sleeping people or domestic animals (cases about horses and cows are described in folklore more often). A victim rapidly gets tired, loses strength, and gets covered in sweat because of such tortures. Absolutely weakened, sometimes the victim is able to see just a bit of lietuv\u0113ns and feel that it is lying on top with all its weight and doesn\u2019t give any opportunity to move or run away. It becomes harder to breathe and eventually lietuv\u0113ns leaves, leaving his victim on the verge of death.[6]However, in Latvian folklore, it is mentioned that lietuv\u0113ns doesn\u2019t torture animals and people who were born in the daytime.[7]Methods of protection[edit]According to folk traditions, there are some methods to get rid of lietuv\u0113ns.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Lietuv\u0113ns’s cross[edit]  Double and simple lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 crossIn the fight against lietuv\u0113ns the most important role is played by so-called lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 cross (Latvian: lietuv\u0113na krusts) that can be two types – simple and double. Simple looks like a five-pointed star (pentagram) and double or big cross looks like two pentagrams put together (in Latvia it can be also named auseklis[8]). Particularly auseklis symbolizes the morning star, the victory of light in the battle against darkness. Lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 cross in general stands for safety, protects against ghosts and, especially, lietuv\u0113ns,[7] but auseklis is considered to be the strongest variant of the lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 cross.[8] Such crosses can be often seen on doors, thresholds, windows and other things.[9] It can be drawn also on cows\u2019 and horses\u2019 hoofs, and even people, who suffer from lietuv\u0113ns, draw lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 cross on their nails.[1]Very significant thing about this method is that lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 cross has to be drawn in one step,[9] otherwise it won\u2019t work and lietuv\u0113ns can come even in the house, where this cross is drawn.[10] Also, correctly drawn lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 cross works until the person, who did it, doesn\u2019t erase it.Fix the hole where lietuv\u0113ns comes from[edit]The hole, crack or keyhole, which is entrance for lietuv\u0113ns, has to be fixed with a piece of mottled wood. It should be cut with left hand and brought to the house with a thick part first. Everything has to be done at night when a lietuv\u0113ns has already come in. Without finding an exit, the creature often turns into a beautiful young woman and stays in the house while the exit is closed. But just as it opens, the lady immediately escapes.[1]Move a toe[edit]When under attack, a person must move the pinky or big toe of the left foot to get rid of the lietuv\u0113ns. It instantly runs away.[1]Find lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 body and bury with honors[edit]If lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 bones are buried in the cemetery with honors, then its soul won\u2019t ever bother anyone else again. In the moment of burying, a thunderstorm rises and lightning strikes, so it means that the poor lost soul is taken to another world.[7]Protection of farm animals[edit]The best protection is lietuv\u0113ns\u2019 cross, but there also exist other ways how to get rid of this creature. Farm animals can be protected from lietuv\u0113ns with a knife, comb, or scythe attached to their back.[1] In that case, lietuv\u0113ns can be hurt by blades or sharp objects. The creature also might be caught in a moment of confusion, but only behind the animal\u2019s left ear. In that moment, it is suggested to hit him with a rowan stick, so it will run away and won\u2019t come back.For lietuv\u0113ns it could be hard to get the animal if its back is oiled. It will be greasy, so the creature won\u2019t be able to ride an animal. As well as by some reasons lietuv\u0113ns tries to avoid animals with a cut right ear.[7]See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b c d e f g h \u0160mits, P\u0113teris. “Latvie\u0161u tautas tic\u0113jumi”. Lietuv\u0113ns. III (in Latvian). Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science  University of Latvia. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.^ \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0432, \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b (1997). \u042d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u041b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0434. p.\u00a0251. ISBN\u00a05-320-00226-2.^ V\u0117liuvien\u0117, Ramun\u0117 (2013). Lietuvi\u0173 mitologija: i\u0161 Norberto V\u0117liaus palikimo. Vilnius: Mintis. p.\u00a011. ISBN\u00a09785417010699.^ \u041c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0415\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440 (1990). \u041c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f. p.\u00a0672. ISBN\u00a05852700320.^ \u0160mits, P\u0113teris. “Lietuv\u0113ns”. valoda.ailab.lv. III. Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science  University of Latvia. Archived from the original on 2013-02-25. Retrieved 2019-05-03.^ \u0160mits, P\u0113teris (1926). Latvie\u0161u mitolo\u0123ija. R\u012bga: Valters un Rapa. pp.\u00a063, 71. ISBN\u00a00309065526.^ a b c d \u0160mits, P\u0113teris (1941). Latvie\u0161u tautas tic\u0113jumi. IV. R\u012bga: Kabata. pp.\u00a02080, 2126, 1895.^ a b “Latvie\u0161u mitolo\u0123isk\u0101s z\u012bmes”. Visi sv\u0113tki vienuviet. May 20, 2015. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019.^ a b \u0160mits, P\u0113teris. “Latvie\u0161u tautas tic\u0113jumi”. Lietuv\u0113na krusts. III. Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science  University of Latvia. Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2019-05-03.^ Hauka, Evija. “Ma\u0123ija un sen\u0101s z\u012bmes, kas aizsarg\u0101 Latviju un latvie\u0161us”. Jauns.lv (in Latvian). Magazine “Paties\u0101 Dz\u012bve”. Archived from the original on 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2019-05-03.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/lietuvens-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Lietuv\u0113ns – Wikipedia"}}]}]