[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/list-of-family-name-affixes\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/list-of-family-name-affixes\/","headline":"List of family name affixes","name":"List of family name affixes","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Family name affixes are a clue for surname etymology and can sometimes determine the ethnic","datePublished":"2019-09-21","dateModified":"2019-09-21","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-logo.png","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-logo.png","height":"101","width":"135"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/list-of-family-name-affixes\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":14248,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFamily name affixes are a clue for surname etymology and can sometimes determine the ethnic origin of a person. This is a partial list of affixes.Table of ContentsPrefixes[edit]Suffixes[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Prefixes[edit]A \u2013 (Romanian) “son of”Ab \u2013 (Welsh, Cornish, Breton) “son of”[1]Af \u2013 (Danish, Swedish), Av (Norwegian) “of”Ap \u2013 (Welsh) “son of”[1]Abu \u2013 (Arabic) “father of”;[2]A\u00eft \u2013 (Berber) “of”Al \u2013 (Arabic) “the”[3]\u0100lam \u2013 (Persian) “world”At\/Ath \u2013 (Berber) “(son[s]) of”Aust, Austre \u2013 (Norwegian) “east”, “estern”Bar \u2013 (Aramaic) “son of”[citation needed]Bath, bat \u2013 (Hebrew) “daughter of”[citation needed]Ben, bin, ibn \u2013 (Arabic and Hebrew) “son of”[2]Bet \u2013 (Arabic from “Beyt”) “house of”[citation needed]Bint \u2013 (Arabic) “daughter of”; Binti, Binte (Malaysian version)Da \u2013 (Italian) “from”, “of”; (Portuguese) “from the” (before a feminine singular noun)[citation needed]Das \u2013 (Portuguese) “from the”, “of the”, preceding a feminine plural noun[citation needed]De \u2013 (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Filipino) “of”; indicates region of origin, often a sign of nobility; in Spanish-speaking countries a married woman will sometimes append  her name with “de XXXX”[citation needed] where “XXXX” is her husband’s last name; (Dutch) “the”Degli \u2013 (Italian) “of the”, preceding a masculine plural noun starting with either sp, sc, ps, z, gn, or st.[citation needed]Del \u2013 (Italian, Spanish) “of the”, preceding a masculine singular noun[citation needed]Dele \u2013 Southern French, Spanish, Filipino, and Occitan, equivalent of Du[citation needed]Della \u2013 (Italian) “of the”, preceding a feminine singular noun[citation needed]Der \u2013 (Western Armenian) “son\/daughter of a priest”; (German) “the” (masculine nominative), “of the” (feminine genitive)[citation needed]Di \u2013 (Italian) “son of”[citation needed]Dos \u2013 (Portuguese) “from the, of the”, preceding a masculine plural noun[citation needed]Du \u2013 (French) “of the”, preceding a masculine singular noun[citation needed]E \u2013 (Portuguese) “and”, between surnames (Maria Eduarda de Canto e Mello)[citation needed]El \u2013 (Arabic and Spanish) “the”[citation needed]Fetch, Vetch \u2013 (Welsh) “daughter of”Fitz \u2013 (Irish, from Norman French) “son of”, from Latin “filius” meaning “son” (mistakenly thought to mean illegitimate son, because of its use for certain illegitimate sons of English kings)[citation needed]i \u2013 (Catalan) “and”, always in lowercase, used to identify both surnames (e.g. Antoni Gaud\u00ed i Cornet)[4]ka \u2013 (Zulu) “(son\/daughter) of”, always in lower case and preceding the name of the father.Kil, Gil \u2013 (English, Irish, Scottish) “son of”, “servant of”, “devotee of”, originating from the Irish “Mac Giolla”, typically followed by a Saint’s name (e.g. Mac Giolla Bhr\u00edde).[5]La \u2013 (Italian, French, Spanish) “the”, feminine singular[citation needed]Le \u2013 (Northern French) “the”, masculine singular[citation needed]Lille \u2013 (Norwegian) “small”, “little”Lu \u2013 (Latin and Roman) “Master”M’\/Mac\/Mc\/Mck\/Mhic\/Mic \u2013 (Irish, Scottish, and Manx Gaelic) “son”. Both Mac and Mc are sometimes written Mac and Mc (with superscript ac or c). In some names, Mc is pronounced Mac.Mala \u2013 (Kurdish) “House of”[citation needed]Mellom, Myljom \u2013 (Norwegian) “between”Na \u2013 \u0e13 (Thai) “at”[citation needed]Ned, Nedre \u2013 (Norwegian) “low”, “lower”Neder \u2013 (Swedish) “lower”, “under”[citation needed]Ng\u0101 \u2013 (Te Reo M\u0101ori) “the (plural)”Nic, N\u00ed \u2013 (Irish, Scottish) “daughter of”, from Irish “in\u00edon” meaning “daughter”[6][citation needed]Nin \u2013 (Serbian)[citation needed]Nord, Norr \u2013 (German, Swedish, Danish), Nord, Nordre (Norwegian) “north”, “northern”[citation needed]Ny \u2013 (Swedish, Danish, Norwegian) “new”[citation needed]O\/\u00d3\/Ua\/U\u00ed \u2013 (Irish, Scottish, and Manx Gaelic) “son of”, “grandson of”, “descendant of”[7][citation needed]Opp, Upp \u2013 (Norwegian) “up”\u00d6fver \u2013 (Swedish) “upper”, “over” (archaic spelling)[citation needed]Ost (German), \u00d6st, \u00d6ster (Swedish), \u00d8st (Danish), \u00d8st, \u00d8stre (Norwegian) \u2013 “east”, “eastern”[citation needed]\u00d6ver \u2013 (Swedish) “upper”, “over”[citation needed]\u00d8vste, \u00d8vre, \u00d8ver \u2013 (Norwegian) “upper”\u00d6z \u2013 (Turkish) “pure”[citation needed]Pour \u2013 (Persian) “son of”[citation needed]Putra\/Putera \u2013 (Indonesian) “son of”Putri\/Puteri \u2013 (Indonesian) “daughter of” ‘s \u2013 (Dutch), contraction of des genitive case of definite article de (“the”). Is never capitalized. Example: ‘sGravesande, ‘sHertogenboschSetia\/Setya \u2013 (Indonesian) “loyal to”Stor \u2013 (Norwegian, Swedish) “large”[citation needed]S\u00f6der \u2013 (Swedish), S\u00f8r, S\u00f8nder (Danish), S\u00f8r, Syd, S\u00f8ndre, Syndre, S\u00f8re (Norwegian), “south”, “southern”[citation needed] ‘t \u2013 (Dutch), contraction of neuter definite article het (“the”). Is never capitalized. Example: ‘tHoen.Te \u2013 (Te Reo M\u0101ori) “the (singular)”Ter \u2013 (Dutch) “at the”[citation needed]Ter \u2013 (Eastern Armenian) “son\/daughter of a Priest”[citation needed]Tre \u2013 (Cornish) “farm of”[citation needed]Van \u2013 (Dutch) “of”, “from”Van De, Van Den, Van Der, Van Het, Van ‘t \u2013 (Dutch) “of the”, “from the”V\u00e4st, V\u00e4ster \u2013 (Swedish) “west”[citation needed]Verch, Erch \u2013 (Welsh) “daughter of”[8]Vest \u2013 (Danish) Vest, Vestre (Norwegian) “west”, “western”[citation needed]Vesle, Vetle \u2013 (Norwegian) “small”, “little”von \u2013 (German) “of”, “from”; a sign of nobility.war – Marathi Last Name. People from Arya Vyshya community  residing mostly in central India.zu – (German) “at”; a sign of nobility, sometimes in the combination von und zuSuffixes[edit]–a,  –ya Kurdish means “of” (female) (by two surnames)[clarification needed][citation needed]–\u00e0 (Catalan)feminine -ana “of or from [a locality or  place]” (Catal\u00e0 -Catalan); and also the name of a job (Many\u00e0 -irosmith), from Latin -\u0101nus, -\u0101na[citation needed]–ac (Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian, Southern French)[citation needed][citation needed]–ach (Ukrainian, Belarusian \/Belarusian Latin: –a\u010d\/)[citation needed]–aei (Persian) (See -i) for words that end in the long vowel A[citation needed]–aitis (Lithuanian) “son of”[citation needed]–aj (Albanian) (pronounced AY; meaning  \u201cof the” ) It denotes the name of the family, which mostly comes from the male founder of the family, but also from a place, as in, Lash-aj (from the village Lashaj of Kastrat, MM, Shkod\u00ebr).  It is likely that its ancient form, still found in MM, was an [i] in front of the last name, as in \u2018D\u00e9da i L\u00e9kajve\u2019  (D\u00e9d of Lek\u00ebs).  For ease of use, the [i] in front of the last name, and the ending _ve, were dropped.  If the last name ends in [a], then removing the [j] would give the name of the patriarch or the place, as in, Grudaj – j = Gruda (place in MM).  Otherwise, removing the whole ending [aj] yields the name of founder or place of origin, as in Lekaj – aj = Lek(\u00eb).  Since the names are found most commonly in Malsi e Madhe (North) and Lab\u00ebri (South), it is likely that this linguistic feature is very old.  It must have been lost as a result of foreign influences brought into Albania by the invaders.[citation needed]–ak (Polish, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Croatian, Slovenian, Slovak, Montenegrin, Sorbian) See -\u00e1k for its Slovak meaning.[9]–\u00e1k (Czech, Slovak) In Slovak, -\u00e1k means “pertaining to” or merely creates a noun, and its two other versions are -iak and -ak.[9]–al (Nepali) denotes for village of origin (for e.g.; Khanal, Dhakal, Dahal, Rijal, etc.)–an (Ukrainian, Belarusian) (e.g. Ruban)[citation needed]–an (Romanian)[citation needed]–\u00e1n (Spanish)[citation needed]–and (French)[citation needed]–ange (French) from Germanic -ing[citation needed]–ano (Italian) feminine -ana “of or from [a locality]”; from Latin -\u0101nus, -\u0101na[citation needed]–ant (English; Norman)[citation needed]–ant (French; Old French)[citation needed]–ant (Hindi; Sanskrit)[citation needed]–anu (Romanian)[citation needed]–appa (Kodava) patronymic, meaning “father”–\u00e1r (Slovak)[citation needed]–\u00e1\u0159 (Czech)[citation needed]–arz (Polish)[citation needed]-as (French) Duras, Porras, Dumas–au (-aw) (Belarusian) \/ –a\u016d (Belarusian Latin).[citation needed]–ava (Belarusian) feminine equivalent of –au–au (German) in a toponymic surname, “of or from a lower place near water”[10]–auskas\/-iauskas (Lithuanian) equivalent to Polish –owski, –ewski, Belarusian –ouski, –euski \/ Belarusian Latin –o\u016dski, –e\u016dski[citation needed]–awan (Urdu)[citation needed]–ba (Abkhazian) “male”[citation needed]–chi, –\u00e7\u0131, –\u00e7i, c\u0131, –ci (Azeri, Persian, \u0686\u06cc-, Turkish) attributed to a geographic location or performing a certain job[11]–chian (Persian, \u0686\u06cc\u0627\u0646-) attributed to or performing a certain job[citation needed]–chek, –chik, –chyk, –chuk (Ukrainian, Belarusian \/Belarusian Latin: –\u010dek, –\u010dyk, –\u010duk\/) diminutive[citation needed]–ckas (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian –cki[citation needed]–cki (Polish, Belarusian, Croatian, Serbian, Sorbian) variant of –ski[citation needed]–cka (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Sorbian) Feminine equivalent of –cki[citation needed]–ckis (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian –cki[citation needed]–ck\u00fd (Czech, Slovak)[citation needed]–\u010dki (Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian)[citation needed]–cock, –cox (English) “little”[citation needed]–datter (Danish, Norwegian) “daughter (of)”[citation needed]–din (Swedish)[citation needed]–dotter (Norwegian, Swedish) “daughter (of)”[citation needed]–d\u00f3ttir (Icelandic) “daughter (of)” (patronymic suffix (sometimes matronymic) (by law) of not a family name but part of the Icelandic last name where (usually) the father’s name is always slightly modified and then d\u00f3ttir added)[citation needed]–dze (Georgian) “son of”[citation needed]–dzki (Polish) variant of –ski, –cki[citation needed]–\u00e9 (Catalan)[citation needed]–\u00ea, –y\u00ea (Kurdish) means “of” (male) (by two surnames)[clarification needed]–eanu (Romanian)[citation needed]–eau, –eault (French) diminutive suffix (Latin -ellu-)[citation needed]–ec (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Polish, Sorbian, Ukrainian, Belarusian), (French spelling for Breton –e.g.)[citation needed]–ee (See -i)[citation needed]–eff (Russian, Bulgarian) obsolete, copied from German transliteration of –ev[citation needed]–eiro (Portuguese, Galician)[citation needed]–ek (Czech, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian) diminutive[citation needed]–ell (English spelling for French -el, diminutive)[citation needed]–el (Northern French and Occitan, French -eau)[citation needed]–ema (Suffix of Frisian origin, given by Napoleon Bonaparte who used suffixes like these to keep a record of people’s origins within the Netherlands)[citation needed]–ems (Dutch)[citation needed]–\u0117nas (Lithuanian) “son of”[citation needed]–enko (Ukrainian), –enka\/-anka (Belarusian) “son of”[citation needed]–chenko (Ukrainian), –chenka\/-chanka (Belarusian \/Belarusian Latin: –\u010denka, –\u010danka\/)–ens (Dutch)[citation needed]–ent (French)[citation needed]–enya (Belarusian \/Belarusian Latin: –enia\/) (e.g. Gerasimenya)[citation needed]–er (Dutch, English, French, German, Turkish “male”)[citation needed]–ero (Spanish)[citation needed]–ers (Dutch)[citation needed]–es (Greek, Portuguese) “son of” in Portuguese[citation needed]–ese (Italian) plural -esi “of or from [a locality]”; from Latin -\u0113nsis[citation needed]–escu (Romanian) “son of”[citation needed]–e\u0219ti (Romanian) possessive plural, also used in place names[citation needed]–et (French) (diminutive suffix Latin -ettu- or former –el)[citation needed]–ets (Ukrainian, Belarusian)[citation needed]–eu (-ew) (Belarusian \/Belarusian Latin: –e\u016d\/) equivalent to Russian –ev[citation needed]–ev (Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages), Bulgarian, Macedonian) possessive[citation needed]–eva (Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages), Bulgarian, Macedonian) Feminine equivalent of –ev[citation needed]–evski (Macedonian, Bulgarian) possessive[citation needed]–evska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of –evski[citation needed]–ez (Spanish, North Picard) including Spanish-speaking countries “son of”; in Picard, old spelling for –et[citation needed]–\u00ebz (Albanian) for feminine; a word refer to something smaller, either literally or figuratively as in a form of endearment[citation needed]–fia, –fi, –fy, –ffy (Hungarian) “descendant of” (literally “son of”)[citation needed]–fleth, –felth, –fleet (Northern German) current, body of water–gil, (Turkish, “family”) (e.g. Korkmazgil)[citation needed]–i (Hungarian) “of”, “from” indicates region of origin, sign of nobility (e.g. “Szentiv\u00e1nyi”, “R\u00e1k\u00f3czi”). Like German Von.[citation needed]–i (Arabic, Persian) “descendant of”, “attributed to” (e.g. “Baghdadi”, “Abbasi”) or, (Iranian) “from” (e.g.  “Barzani” from Barzan, or Tabrizi from Tabriz.)[11]–ia (Abkhaz, Mingrelian)[citation needed]–ian(ts), –yan(ts),  –jian, –gian, –ents, –ants, –unts, –uni (Armenian, Persian) “son\/daughter of”[citation needed]–iak (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish) “descendant of”. In Slovak, -iak is a version of -\u00e1k\/-ak and means “pertaining to” or merely creates a noun.[9]–ic(k) (French), misspelling for Breton –ig, diminutive[citation needed]–ich (-ovich\/-evich) (Belarusian \/Belarusian Latin:  –i\u010d,[citation needed]\u2013ovi\u010d, –evi\u010d\/), –ych (-ovych\/-evych) (Ukrainian) “son of”–i\u0107 (-ovi\u0107\/-evi\u0107) (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin) diminutive possessive, little son of[citation needed]–begovi\u0107 (Bosniak) diminutive possessive of a beg, i.e. chieftain’s or chief’s little son[citation needed]–ici (-ovici\/-evici) Romanian of Slavic origin (Romanian adaptation of –i\u0107 or –ich\/-ych)[citation needed]–i\u010d (-ovi\u010d) (Slovenian, Slovak, Czech [rarely]) diminutive, “son of”[citation needed]–i\u010dius (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian –ich (Belarusian Latin: –i\u010d) and Polish –icz[citation needed]–avi\u010dius\/-evi\u010dius (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian –ovich\/-evich (Belarusian Latin: –ovi\u010d\/-evi\u010d) and Polish –owicz\/-ewicz[citation needed]–i\u010ds (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian –ich (Belarusian Latin: –i\u010d) and Polish –icz[citation needed]–ovi\u010ds\/-evi\u010ds (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian –ovich\/-evich (Belarusian Latin: –ovi\u010d\/-evi\u010d) and Polish –owicz\/-ewicz[citation needed]–ides, -idis, –idas (Greek), “son of”[citation needed]–ier (French)[citation needed]–ik (Belarusian, Polish, Croatian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian) It merely creates a noun in Slovak where -ik is a version of -\u00edk, can be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings.[12]–\u00edk (Slovak) It merely creates a noun and can also be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings; its other Slovak version is -ik.[12]–ik (Estonian) if it follows a tree name, has a meaning “grove”[citation needed]–ikh, –ykh (Russian)[citation needed]–in (Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages), Bulgarian) possessive[citation needed]–ina (female equivalent of –in; especially rare for male names, but the suffix alone is an actual female name)[citation needed]–yn (Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian) possessive[citation needed]–in (French) diminutive[citation needed]–in (Dutch, German) suffix attached to old Germanic female surnames (e.g. female surname “Mayerin”, the wife of “Mayer”)[13]–ing, ink (Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, German) “descendant”[citation needed]–ino (a common suffix for male Latino and Italian names)[citation needed]–ipa (Abkhazian) “son of”[citation needed]–ipha (Abkhazian) “girl of”[citation needed]–is (Greek, \/male\/ Lithuanian)[citation needed]–ishin, –yshyn (Ukrainian) possessive (e.g. Romanishin = son of wife of Roman)[citation needed]–iu (Romanian)[citation needed]–ius (Lithuanian) “son of”[citation needed]–iv (Ukrainian) possessive.[citation needed]–j (Adygean)”old”[citation needed]–ka (Belarusian, Polish, Czech, Slovak) diminutive[citation needed]–kan, –ken (Turkish) (e.g. Vuru\u015fkan)[citation needed]–kar (Marathi) (e.g. Tendulkar)[citation needed]“originating from”,–ke, (Italian,Russian)[citation needed] In surnames of Slavic origin. Like Ukrainian -ko–kin, –kins, –ken (English) “little”[citation needed]–kin (Dutch) “little”[citation needed]–ko (Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Czech)diminutive[citation needed]–ko (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian)- diminutive, \u201cchild,\u201d \u201cdescendant of.\u201d It is used in affectionate forms of first names, and is also a common suffix in many surnames.–ko (Adygean) “son” \u0138\u044a\u043e[citation needed]–kus (Lithuanian)[citation needed]–kvist, –qvist (Swedish) “twig”[citation needed]–kyzy (Great Kazakh) “daughter of”[citation needed]–kyzy (Kyrgyz) “daughter of”[citation needed]–le, –lein (German) “small”[citation needed]–li, –l\u0131, –lu, –l\u00fc (Turkish, Azeri) “from” (e.g. \u0130zmirli, Ankaral\u0131, \u0130stanbullu, Bak\u00fcl\u00fc)[citation needed]–li (Italian)[citation needed]–lin (French, Irish, Swedish) in Germanic names “small”[citation needed]–litz (German)[citation needed]–man(n) (Dutch, German, English)[citation needed]–mand (Persian, \u0645\u0646\u062f-) owning or showing[11]–maz (Turkish) “does not”  (e.g. “Y\u0131lmaz = Yields not”, “Korkmaz = Fears not”)[citation needed]–men, –man (Turkish) flipping suffix (e.g. ak=white, akman=purely white), “person”, “male person”, have other meanings[citation needed]–ment (French) from Germanic \u201cman\u201d[citation needed]–mere (Old English) meaning \u201clake\u201d[citation needed]–moar[citation needed]–mohr (German)[citation needed]–moor[citation needed]–moore[citation needed]–more[citation needed]–mor[citation needed]–n\u0117, –te \/female\/ (Lithuanian)[citation needed]–nen (Finnish) diminutive, “from”[citation needed]–nik (Estonian) attributed to occupation (talu being “farm” \u2013 talunik being “farmer”)[citation needed]–nova, –novas (Italian, Galician, Catalan) “new”[citation needed]–novo (Galician) “new”[citation needed]–n\u00fd (Czech, Slovak) adjective[citation needed]–ny (Polish) adjective[citation needed]–nezhad, –nejad, -nejhad (Persian, \u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f) “descendant of”[11]–nyi (Hungarian)[citation needed]–off (Russian, Bulgarian) obsolete, copied from French transliteration of –ov, based on Muscovite[dubious  \u2013 discuss] pronunciation[citation needed]–o\u011flu (Azeri, Turkish) “son of” (e.g. T\u00fcrko\u011flu)[citation needed]–ok (Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech)[citation needed]–ois, –oy, –ais, –ay (French) from Germanic -isk and Vulgar Latin -ese[citation needed]–on (French), former subject case in masculine names[citation needed]–onak (-onok) (Belarusian)[citation needed]–onis (Lithuanian) “son of”[citation needed]–os (Greek) like Latin -us (Gasconic, Spanish, Portuguese) from Latin -us[citation needed]–osz, –o\u0161 (Polish, Czech, Slovak)[citation needed]–ot (French) “little”[citation needed]–ou(t) (French), various origins[citation needed]–ou (Greek) “daughter of”[citation needed]–ou (-ow) (Belarusian) \/ –o\u016d (Belarusian Latin) equivalent to Russian –ov[citation needed]–ova (Belarusian) feminine equivalent of –ou–ouf (French), French spelling of Arabic names ending with -\u016bf[citation needed]–ouf, Norman-French spelling of surnames of Anglo-scandinavian origin or West Germanic origin ending with -ulf or -wulf–oui (French), French spelling of Arabic names, English spelling -wi[citation needed]–ous[citation needed]–ov (all Eastern Slavic languages, Bulgarian, Macedonian) possessive[citation needed]–ova (all Eastern Slavic languages, Bulgarian, Macedonian) feminine equivalent of –ov, –ou, –ow[citation needed]–ov\u00e1 (Czech, Slovak) feminine derivative of a noun male surname–ovo (Russian) (e.g. Durnovo)[citation needed]–ovski (Macedonian, Bulgarian) possessive[citation needed]–ovska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of –ovski[citation needed]–ow (Russian, though found in predominantly German names, it is pronounced like English “ow” not like the German “ov”)[citation needed]–pour, –poor (Persian) “son of”[11]–putra (Indonesian) “son”[citation needed]–putri (Indonesian) “daughter”[citation needed]–quin, (French) from Dutch -kin “little”[citation needed]–s (English, Dutch, Irish, Welsh) “(son\/daughter) of”. Sometimes less recognizable, like in “Hendrickx” (son\/daughter of Hendrik)[citation needed]–sen or –zen (Danish, Norwegian, Dutch or Low German)  “son (of)”[citation needed]–ssen (Dutch or Low German) “son (of)”[citation needed]–ssens or –sens (Dutch) “grandson\/granddaughter of”. Literally “(son\/daughter) of the son of”[citation needed]–shvili (Georgian) “child”[citation needed]–skas (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian –ski[citation needed]–ski (Polish, Belarusian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Sorbian, Croatian. Also Russian but more often transliterated as –sky), “originating from”, “estate of”[citation needed]–ska (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Sorbian, Croatian) Feminine equivalent of –ski[citation needed]–skiy\/-tskiy, –skyi\/-tskyi (Ukrainian)[citation needed]–skoy\/-tskoy (Russian) (e.g. Shakhovskoy)[citation needed]–sky\/-tsky (Russian, Ukrainian)[citation needed]–sk\u00fd (Czech, Slovak) “originating from”, “lord of”[citation needed]–skis (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian –ski[citation needed]–sma (Frisian) “son of”[citation needed]–son (English, Swedish, German, Norwegian, Scottish, Icelandic) “son (of)” (sometimes less recognizable, e.g. “Dixon”; in Iceland not part of a family name but the patronymic (sometimes matronymic) last name (by law), where (usually) the fathers’s name is always slightly modified and then son added)[citation needed]–sson (Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, Scottish) “son (of)” (in Iceland technically the first s is a separate “suffix” of the father’s name according to Icelandic language rules, one of the most common modifications)[citation needed]–(s)son (French), diminutive[citation needed]–stad (Norwegian) “town”[citation needed]–stein (German) “stone”[citation needed]–strom, –str\u00f8m, –str\u00f6m (Danish, Swedish) from ‘current’, probably an arbitrarily adopted ornamental name but possibly a topographic name for someone who lived by a river.[citation needed]–t\u00e6 (Ossetian) “belong to”[citation needed]–tabar (Persian) “descendant of”[11]–tzki, –tzky (Polish) \u2013 phonetic Germanized spelling of original Polish –cki[citation needed]–uk (Ukrainian, Belarusian) diminutive[citation needed]–ulea (Romanian) “son of”[citation needed]–ulis (Lithuanian)[citation needed]–uly (Great Kazakh) “son of”[citation needed]–\u016bnas (Lithuanian) “son of”[citation needed]–uulu (Kyrgyz form of -o\u011flu) “son of”[citation needed]–vich (Belarusian \/Belarusian Latin: –vi\u010d\/, occasionally a respelling of original Serbian, Croatian –vi\u0107) “son of”[citation needed]–vych (Ukrainian)[citation needed]–wicz (Polish), –wic (Polish)[citation needed]–vi\u0107 (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin)[citation needed]–vi\u010d (Slovenian, Slovak, Czech [rarely]), –vic (Slovak, Czech [rarely])[citation needed]–vici (Romanianized respellings)[citation needed]–vics (Hungarianized respellings)[citation needed]–vitz, –witz, –witch, –witsch (Germanized or Anglicized respellings)[citation needed]–vi\u010dius (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian –vich (Belarusian Latin: –vi\u010d) and Polish –wicz[citation needed]–vi\u010ds (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian –vich (Belarusian Latin: –vi\u010d) and Polish[citation needed]\u2013wicz–wala, -wallah, wali, vala, vali (Hindustani, Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi) denotes the occupation or place of origin (Occupation example: Batliwala \u2013 one who deals with bottles. Place example: Suratwala \u2013 one from Surat)[citation needed]–wan (Indonesian) denotes a male name[citation needed]–wati (Indonesian) denotes a female name[citation needed]–wi (Arabic) “from”[citation needed]–y (Arabic\/Persian) Means descendant of.[11]–y (See -i)[citation needed]–yal–ycz (Polish)[citation needed]–yk (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian)[citation needed]–ynas (Lithuanian) “son of”[citation needed]–ys (English) representing i. the archaic plural form, or ii. a diminutive form. Variant forms not limited to –yss, –is, –es. Pronunciation is as modern plural suffix –s; i.e. Sandys = sands; Foulis = fowls.[14][15]–ysz (Polish)[citation needed]–za (Kurdish) “born of”[citation needed]–zadeh, –zada (Turkish, Azeri, Persian \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647), –zai (Pashto) “son of”, “descendant of”[11]–zadegan (Persian, \u0632\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646-) plural form of zadeh[citation needed]See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b “BBC Wales – History – Themes – Welsh naming”. www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-04-28.^ a b Engber, Daniel (2006-07-03). “Abu, Ibn, and Bin, Oh My!”. Slate. ISSN\u00a01091-2339. Retrieved 2018-04-28.^ Engber, Daniel (2006-06-28). “What’s Up With “Al-“?”. Slate. ISSN\u00a01091-2339. Retrieved 2018-04-28.^ “Normativa”. Universitat Illes Balears.^ O’Growney, Eugene (1898). “The ‘Muls’ and Gils’: Some Irish Surnames”. Library Ireland. Retrieved 18 May 2021.^ “Focl\u00f3ir Gaeilge\u2013B\u00e9arla (\u00d3 D\u00f3naill): n\u00ed”. www.teanglann.ie. Retrieved 2020-12-22.^ “Focl\u00f3ir Gaeilge\u2013B\u00e9arla (\u00d3 D\u00f3naill): \u00f3”. www.teanglann.ie. Retrieved 2020-12-22.^ “Archived copy” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-03. Retrieved 2019-07-25.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)^ a b c Votruba, Martin. “Last Names in -\u00e1k”. Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh.^ “German Place Names ending in -AU”.^ a b c d e f g h Megerdoomian, Karine (February 2008). “The Structure of Persian Names”. Mitre Technical Report. CiteSeerX\u00a010.1.1.717.1899.^ a b Votruba, Martin. “Last Names in -\u00edk”. Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh.^ Rixner, T.A. (1830). “Handw\u00f6rterbuch der Deutschen Sprache”. Vol. 1 A-K, Page 290. 1830 Sulzbach \/ Germany.^ Weekley, Ernest (1914). The Romance of Names. E.P. Dutton.^ An Old Phonographer (October 9, 1886). “Aristocratic Surnames”. The Critic. 9 (145): 178. Retrieved July 12, 2019.External links[edit]vWikimedia ErrorOur servers are currently under maintenance or experiencing a technical problem.Please try again in a few\u00a0minutes.See the error message at the bottom of this page for more\u00a0information. "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/list-of-family-name-affixes\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"List of family name affixes"}}]}]