[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ll-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ll-wikipedia\/","headline":"Ll – Wikipedia","name":"Ll – Wikipedia","description":"Digraph This article is about the letter combination. For other uses, see LL. Not to be confused with \u01c1, the","datePublished":"2021-11-06","dateModified":"2021-11-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Lldigraph.png\/220px-Lldigraph.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Lldigraph.png\/220px-Lldigraph.png","height":"124","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ll-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":3851,"articleBody":"DigraphThis article is about the letter combination. For other uses, see LL.Not to be confused with \u01c1, the lateral click.Ll\/ll is a digraph that occurs in several languages.Table of ContentsEnglish[edit]Romance languages[edit]Catalan[edit]L with middle dot[edit]Galician[edit]Spanish[edit]Philippine languages[edit]Albanian[edit]Icelandic[edit]Broken L[edit]Inuit-Yupik languages[edit]Other languages[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]English[edit]In English, \u27e8ll\u27e9 often represents the same sound as single \u27e8l\u27e9: \/l\/. The doubling is used to indicate that the preceding vowel is (historically) short, or that the “l” sound is to be extended longer than a single \u27e8l\u27e9 would provide (etymologically, in latinisms coming from a gemination). It is worth noting that different English language traditions use \u27e8l\u27e9 and \u27e8ll\u27e9 in different words: for example the past tense form of “travel” is spelt “travelled” in British English but “traveled” in American English. See also: American and British English spelling differences#Doubled consonants.  The Middle-Welsh LL ligature.[1]Unicode: U+1EFA and U+1EFB.In Welsh, \u27e8ll\u27e9 stands for a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative sound (IPA: [\u026c]). This sound is very common in place names in Wales because it occurs in the word llan, for example, Llanelli, where the \u27e8ll\u27e9 appears twice, or Llanfairpwll, where (in the full name) the \u27e8ll\u27e9 appears five times \u2013\u00a0with two instances of llan.In Welsh, \u27e8ll\u27e9 is a separate digraph letter[2] from \u27e8l\u27e9 (e.g., lwc sorts before llaw). In modern Welsh this, and other digraph letters, are written with two symbols but count as one letter. In Middle Welsh it was written with a tied ligature; this ligature is included in the Latin Extended Additional Unicode block as U+1EFA \u1efa LATIN CAPITAL LETTER MIDDLE-WELSH LL and U+1EFB \u1efb LATIN SMALL LETTER MIDDLE-WELSH LL.[3] This ligature is seldom used in Modern Welsh, but equivalent ligatures may be included in modern fonts, for example the three fonts commissioned by the Welsh Government in 2020.[4]Romance languages[edit]Catalan[edit]  In Catalan, \u27e8ll\u27e9 represents the phoneme \/\u028e\/, as in llengua (language, tongue), enlla\u00e7 (linkage, connection), or coltell (knife).L with middle dot[edit]In order to not confuse \u27e8ll\u27e9 \/\u028e\/ with a geminated \u27e8l\u27e9 \/ll\/, Catalan uses a middle dot (interpunct or punt volat in Catalan) in between  \u27e8\u0140l\u27e9. For example exce\u0140lent (“excellent”). The first character in the digraph, \u27e8\u013f\u27e9 and \u27e8\u0140\u27e9, is included in the Latin Extended-A Unicode block at U+013F (uppercase) and U+140 (lowercase) respectively.In Catalan typography, \u27e8l\u00b7l\u27e9 is intended to fill two spaces, not three,[5] so the interpunct is placed in the narrow space between the two \u27e8l\u27e9s: \u27e8\u013fL\u27e9 and \u27e8\u0140l\u27e9. However, it is common to write \u27e8L\u00b7L\u27e9 and \u27e8l\u00b7l\u27e9, occupying three spaces. \u27e8L.L\u27e9 and \u27e8l.l\u27e9, although sometimes seen, are incorrect.Galician[edit]In official Galician spelling the \u27e8ll\u27e9 combination stands for the phoneme \/\u028e\/ (palatal lateral approximant, a palatal counterpart of \/l\/).Spanish[edit]In Spanish, \u27e8ll\u27e9 was considered from 1754 to 2010 the fourteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet because of its representation of a palatal lateral articulation consonant phoneme (as defined by the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language).[6]This single letter was called elle pronounced “elye”, but often losing the \/l\/ sound and simplifying to “eh-ye”.The letter was collated after \u27e8l\u27e9 as a separate entry from 1803 until April 1994 when the X Congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies adopted standard Latin alphabet collation rules. Since then, the digraph \u27e8ll\u27e9 has been considered a sequence of two characters.[7] (A similar situation occurred with the Spanish-language digraph ch.)Hypercorrection leads some to wrongly capitalize \u27e8ll\u27e9 as a single letter, as with the Dutch IJ, for example *LLosa instead of Llosa. In handwriting, \u27e8Ll\u27e9 is written as a ligature of two \u27e8l\u27e9s, with distinct uppercase and lowercase forms.Today, most Spanish speakers outside Spain pronounce \u27e8ll\u27e9 with virtually the same sound as \u27e8y\u27e9, a phenomenon called ye\u00edsmo. In much of the Spanish-speaking Americas, and in many regions of Spain, \u27e8ll\u27e9 is produced \/\u029d\/ (voiced palatal fricative); in Colombia and Tabasco, Mexico, as well as Rioplatense speakers in both Argentina and Uruguay, pronounce ll as \/\u0292\/ (voiced postalveolar fricative) or \/\u0283\/ (voiceless postalveolar fricative).Philippine languages[edit]While Philippine languages like Tagalog and Ilocano write \u27e8ly\u27e9 or \u27e8li\u27e9 when spelling Spanish loanwords, \u27e8ll\u27e9 still survives in proper nouns.  However, the pronunciation of \u27e8ll\u27e9 is simply [lj]rather than [\u028e]. Hence the surnames Llamzon, Llamas, Padilla, Bellen,Basallote and Villanueva are respectively pronounced [lj\u0250m\u02c8zon]\/[lj\u0250m\u02c8son], [\u02c8lj\u0250mas], [p\u0250\u02c8d\u026a\u02d0lja], [b\u026a\u02d0l\u02c8j\u025b\u02d0n], [b\u0250s\u0250l\u02c8jot\u025b] and [\u02ccb\u026a\u02d0ljanu\u02c8w\u025b\u02d0ba]\/[\u02ccv\u026a\u02d0ljanu\u02c8w\u025b\u02d0va].Furthermore, in Ilocano \u27e8ll\u27e9 represents a geminate alveolar lateral approximant \/l\u02d0\/, like in Italian.Albanian[edit]In Albanian, \u27e8L\u27e9 stands for the sound \/l\/, while \u27e8Ll\u27e9 is pronounced as the velarized sound \/\u026b\/.Icelandic[edit]In Icelandic, the \u27e8ll\u27e9 can represent [t\u026c] (similar to a voiceless alveolar lateral affricate),[8][\u026c] or [l] depending on which letters surround it. [t\u026c] appears in fullur (“full”, masculine), [\u026c] appears in fullt (“full”, neuter), and [l] appears in fulls (“full”, neuter genitive). The geographical name Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull includes the [t\u026c] sound twice.Broken L[edit]In Old Icelandic, the broken L ligature appears in some instances, such as v\ua739\ua747um (field) and o\ua747o (all).[9] It takes the form of a lowercase \u27e8l\u27e9 with the top half shifted to the left, connected to the lower half with a thin horizontal stroke. This ligature is encoded in the Latin Extended-D Unicode block at U+A746 (uppercase) and U+A747 (lowercase), displaying as \ua746 and \ua747 respectively.Inuit-Yupik languages[edit]  \u27e8LL\u27e9 appearing in Greenlandic text.  The text reads Kalaallit nunaata aallartitaqarfia.In Central Alaskan Yup\u02bcik and the Greenlandic language, \u27e8ll\u27e9 stands for \/\u026c\u02d0\/.Other languages[edit]In the Gwoyeu Romatzyh romanization of Mandarin Chinese, final \u27e8-ll\u27e9 indicates a falling tone on a syllable ending in \/\u027b\/, which is otherwise spelled \u27e8-l\u27e9.In Haida (Bringhurst orthography), \u27e8ll\u27e9 is glottalized \/\u02c0l\/.See also[edit]References[edit]^ Rhys, John (December 2003). Example of a book using the “ll” ligature. ISBN\u00a09781402153075. Retrieved 20 September 2014.^ “Alphabets”. Archived from the original on 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2020-08-05.^ Everson, Michael & al. “Proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine”. 30 Jan 2006. Accessed 29 January 2013.^ Wong, Henry (March 20, 2020). “A typeface has been designed for the Welsh language”. designweek.co.uk. Retrieved April 12, 2020.^ Pompeu, Fabra (September 1984). “Conversa 323, del 22.01.1923, i Conversa 391, del 13.06.1923”.  In Joaquim Rafel i Fontanals (ed.). Converses Filol\u00f2giques Volum II (PDF) (in Catalan). Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain: Fundaci\u00f3 Enciclop\u00e8dia Catalana. ISBN\u00a084-350-5111-0. Retrieved 29 December 2012.^ Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola y Asociaci\u00f3n de Academias de la Lengua Espa\u00f1ola, Ortograf\u00eda de la lengua espa\u00f1ola (2010), tapa r\u00fastica, primera edici\u00f3n impresa en M\u00e9xico, Editorial Planeta Mexicana, S.A. de C.V., bajo el sello editorial ESPASA M.R., M\u00e9xico D.F., marzo de 2011, p\u00e1ginas 64 y 65.^ X Congreso (Madrid, 1994), official website.^ “Language Log”. Retrieved 20 September 2014.^ Bulenda, Attila M\u00e1rk. Icelandic or Norwegian Scribe? An Empirical Study of AM 310 4to, AM 655 XII-XIII 4to and AM 655 XIV 4to (PDF) (MA). H\u00e1sk\u00f3li \u00cdslands. p.\u00a019. Retrieved May 3, 2020."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ll-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Ll – Wikipedia"}}]}]