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Marie-Anne Libert Born (1782-04-07)7 April 1782 Died 14 January 1865(1865-01-14)","datePublished":"2022-12-16","dateModified":"2022-12-16","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Marie-Anne_Libert.jpg\/220px-Marie-Anne_Libert.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Marie-Anne_Libert.jpg\/220px-Marie-Anne_Libert.jpg","height":"252","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/marie-anne-libert-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":3266,"articleBody":"Belgian botanist“Lib.” redirects here. For other uses, see Lib.Marie-Anne LibertBorn(1782-04-07)7 April 1782Died14 January 1865(1865-01-14) (aged\u00a082)NationalityBelgianScientific careerFieldsBotany, mycology, plant pathologyMarie-Anne Libert, (born 7 April 1782 in Malmedy, province of Li\u00e8ge, died 14 January 1865 in Malmedy) was a Belgian botanist and mycologist. She was one of the first women plant pathologists. She is sometimes referred to as “Anne-Marie Libert.”[1]Table of ContentsEarly life[edit]Botany and mycology[edit]Other interests[edit]Honours[edit]Publications[edit]See also[edit]Notes and references[edit]Bibliography[edit]External links[edit]Early life[edit]Marie-Anne Libert was born in Malmedy in April 1782, twelfth of the thirteen children of Henri-Joseph Libert and his wife Marie-Jeanne-Bernadine Libert (n\u00e9e Dubois). The parents, educated members of the middle class who ran a tanning business, recognised her intellectual potential.[2] She was initially a pupil of the S\u00e9pulcrines of Malmedy. At the age of eleven her parents sent her to stay in Pr\u00fcm in Germany to learn German and the violin, both of which she quickly mastered. Her father recognised his daughter’s emerging interest in the exact sciences and taught her algebra and geometry, so that she could follow him into the business. She was enthusiastic and pushed the education well beyond the needs of commerce[citation needed].At an age when other girls only wanted to amuse themselves, Marie-Anne Libert was motivated by a thirst for knowledge: everything interested her, she wanted to know everything[citation needed]. Nature drew her in particular; she spent long hours walking in the area of Malmedy, particularly in the High Fens. She observed, gathered many minerals and plants then identified them in her father’s office, cataloguing and classifying them. As most reference works were written in Latin, she began to teach herself Latin.[3]Botany and mycology[edit]Her work in botany, or more precisely in cryptogams, of an undeniable scientific rigour, earned her an international reputation. She corresponded with scientists in Belgium and elsewhere. She also collaborated for a time with Dr. Lejeune of Verviers, who was preparing a catalogue of the plants of the Department of Ourthe. Lejeune introduced Libert to the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramis de Candolle, who encouraged her to work on cryptogamic flora.[2] Libert’s later produced a cryptogamic flora of the Ardennes.[2]She was one of the first to identify the organism responsible for the “late blight” disease of the potato, which she named Botrytis vastatrix Lib. and of which she gave a detailed description in a report written in August 1845.[4] The German mycologist Anton de Bary built on this discovery, among other work, when he showed in 1876 that the oomycete, Phytophthora infestans as he renamed it, was the cause of late blight, and not the consequence as was still believed at the time.[5]She also described several plant pathogenic Ascomycetes, including Alternaria cheiranthi (Lib.) PC Bolle (basionym: Helminthosporium cheiranthi Lib.) a pathogen of wallflower, and Fusarium coeruleum Lib. ex Sacc., the causative agent of dry rot of potato. In total, she described over 200 new taxa.[2]Other interests[edit]The study of ancient languages had directed her attention towards archaeology. In the last years of her life, when her age no longer allowed her to move around the countryside easily, she devoted considerable time to the history of the Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy. She gave to history and archeology the same scientific rigour as to her botanical studies, using all available sources.In addition to her herbarium, she formed a remarkable collection of pearls obtained from large pearl mussels found in abundance in the river Ambl\u00e8ve and its tributaries. She also assembled a large collection of coins.This intense scientific activity was no obstacle to her involvement in the family business. She had the same determination as in her research, the same desire to do well. With her brothers, she was able to make a large extension to the small tannery which they had inherited from their parents. After a short illness, Marie-Anne Libert died in Malmedy on 14 January 1865.[3]Honours[edit]The taxa Libertia (a genus in the family Iridaceae), as well as Asterolibertia,[6]Libertiella and Myxolibertella (genera of ascomycete fungi),[7] were all named after her.[8]The “Cercle naturaliste de la r\u00e9gion de Malmedy”, founded in 1951, which later became “Cercle Royal Marie-Anne Libert”, took its name in her honour. In 1965, the centenary of her death, a stele decorated with a medallion bearing her likeness was erected in the Tanneries Park (Parc Marie-Anne Libert) in Malmedy.[3] A street in Malmedy (Rue Marie-Anne Libert) was named after her in 1925.[2]In 1820 she became as associate member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Paris (Linnean Society of Paris), and Emperor Friedrich-Wilhelm III awarded her a gold medal of merit.[2] She was the first woman invited to join the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Royale de Botanique de Belgique in 1862.[2]Publications[edit]Libert M-A (1813). Cryptogamie, In Flore des environs de Spa \u2026 vol. 2 (ALS Lejeune). Chez Duvivier, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium: 272\u2013285.Libert M-A (1820). Sur un genre nouveau de’H\u00e9patiques, Lejeunia. Annales G\u00e9n\u00e9rales des Sciences Physiques 6: 372\u2013374.Libert M-A (1827a). M\u00e9moires sur des cryptogames observ\u00e9es aux environs de Malmedy. Secr\u00e9tariat de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne, Paris, France [preprint of Libert (1827b) and (1827c) combined, TL-2 4496].Libert M-A (1827b). Illustration du genre Inoconia, dans la famille des Algues. M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Paris 5: 402\u2013403. [Some details from Libert’s description of Inoconia are reproduced by Du Mortier (1865)]Libert M-A (1827c). Observations sur le genre Asteroma, et description de deux esp\u00e8ces appartenant \u00e0 ce genre. M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Paris 5: 404\u2013406.Libert M-A (1829). Description d’un nouveau genre de champignons nomm\u00e9 Desmazierella. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 17: 82\u201383.Libert M-A (1829\u20131830). M\u00e9moire concernant les plantes cryptogames qui peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9unies sous le nom d’Ascoxylacei. M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille: 174\u2013176.Libert M-A (1830\u20131837). Plantae cryptogamicae quas in Arduenna collegit M.A. Libert \u2026, 4 vols. Typis Jacobi Desoer, Leodii [Li\u00e8ge, Luik], Belgium [TL-2 4497].Libert M-A (1836). Pr\u00e9cis des observations sur la famille des Hypoxylons. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 7: 121\u2013125.(1826). M\u00e9moires sur des cryptogames observ\u00e9es aux environs de Malmedy(1830\u20131837). Plantae cryptogamicae quas in Arduenna collegit M. A. Libert. 4 volumes, i.e. exsiccata workSee also[edit]Notes and references[edit]^ Cr\u00e9pin, Fran\u00e7ois (1878). Guide du botaniste en Belgique: (plantes vivantes et fossiles). G, Mayolez. p.\u00a0230.^ a b c d e f g Maroske, Sara; May, Tom W. (2018-03-01). “Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology”. Studies in Mycology. Leading women in fungal biology. 89: 63\u201384. doi:10.1016\/j.simyco.2017.12.001. ISSN\u00a00166-0616. PMC\u00a06002341. PMID\u00a029910514.^ a b c “Historique du Cercle Royal Marie-Anne Libert”. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30..^ Pitrat, Michel; Foury, Claude (2003). Histoires de l\u00e9gumes\u00a0: des origines \u00e0 l’or\u00e9e du XXIe si\u00e8cle (in French). \u00c9ditions Quae. p.\u00a0170. ISBN\u00a02738010660..^ Widmark, Anna-Karin (2010). “The Late Blight Pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Interaction with the Potato Plant and Inoculum Sources” (PDF). Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae \u2013 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala..^ “Asterolibertia G.Arnaud”. www.gbif.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022.^ “Myxolibertella”. www.gbif.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklop\u00e4die zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin. doi:10.3372\/epolist2022. ISBN\u00a0978-3-946292-41-8. Retrieved January 27, 2022.^ International Plant Names Index. \u00a0Lib.Bibliography[edit]External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/marie-anne-libert-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Marie-Anne Libert – Wikipedia"}}]}]