[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/multiplication-sign-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/multiplication-sign-wikipedia\/","headline":"Multiplication sign – Wikipedia","name":"Multiplication sign – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Mathematical symbol: \u00d7 “\u00d7” redirects here. Not to be confused with the letter","datePublished":"2022-08-15","dateModified":"2022-08-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/multiplication-sign-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3568,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Mathematical symbol: \u00d7“\u00d7” redirects here. Not to be confused with the letter X.The multiplication sign, also known as the times sign or the dimension sign, is the symbol \u00d7, used in mathematics to denote the multiplication operation and its resulting product.[1] While similar to a lowercase X (x), the form is properly a four-fold rotationally symmetric saltire.[2]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Similar notations[edit]Typing the character[edit]Unicode and HTML entities[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]The earliest known use of the \u00d7 symbol to represent multiplication appears in an anonymous appendix to the 1618 edition of John Napier’s Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio.[3] This appendix has been attributed to William Oughtred,[3] who used the same symbol in his 1631 algebra text, Clavis Mathematicae, stating:“Multiplication of species [i.e. unknowns] connects both proposed magnitudes with the symbol ‘in’ or \u00d7: or ordinarily without the symbol if the magnitudes be denoted with one letter.”[4]Two earlier uses of a \u2715 notation have been identified, but do not stand critical examination.[3]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In mathematics, the symbol \u00d7 has a number of uses, includingMultiplication of two numbers, where it is read as “times” or “multiplied by”[1]Cross product of two vectors, where it is usually read as “cross”Cartesian product of two sets, where it is usually read as “cross”[5]Geometric dimension of an object, such as noting that a room is 10 feet \u00d7 12 feet in area, where it is usually read as “by” (e.g., “10 feet by 12 feet”)Screen resolution in pixels, such as 1920 pixels across \u00d7 1080 pixels down. Read as “by”.Dimensions of a matrix, where it is usually read as “by”A statistical interaction between two explanatory variables, where it is usually read as “by”In biology, the multiplication sign is used in a botanical hybrid name, for instance Ceanothus papillosus \u00d7 impressus (a hybrid between C. papillosus and C. impressus) or Crocosmia \u00d7 crocosmiiflora (a hybrid between two other species of Crocosmia). However, the communication of these hybrid names with a Latin letter “x” is common, when the actual “\u00d7” symbol is not readily available.The multiplication sign is also used by historians for an event between two dates. When employed between two dates\u00a0\u2013  for example 1225 and 1232\u00a0\u2013  the expression “1225\u00d71232” means “no earlier than 1225 and no later than 1232”.[6]A monadic \u00d7 symbol is used by the APL programming language to denote the sign function.Similar notations[edit]The lower-case Latin letter x is sometimes used in place of the multiplication sign. This is considered incorrect in mathematical writing.In algebraic notation, widely used in mathematics, a multiplication symbol is usually omitted wherever it would not cause confusion: “a multiplied by b” can be written as ab or a\u2009b.[1]Other symbols can also be used to denote multiplication, often to reduce confusion between the multiplication sign \u00d7 and the common variable x. In some countries, such as Germany, the primary symbol for multiplication is the “dot operator” \u22c5 (as in a\u22c5b). This symbol is also used in algebraic notation to resolve ambiguity (for instance, “b times 2” may be written as b\u22c52, to avoid being confused with a value called b2). This notation is used wherever multiplication should be written explicitly, such as in “ab = a\u22c52 for b = 2“; this usage is also seen in English-language texts. In some languages, the use of full stop as a multiplication symbol, such as a.b, is common when the symbol for decimal point is comma.Historically, computer language syntax was restricted to the ASCII character set, and the asterisk * became the de facto symbol for the multiplication operator. This selection is reflected in the numeric keypad on English-language keyboards, where the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are represented by the keys +, -, * and \/, respectively.Typing the character[edit]Unicode and HTML entities[edit]U+00D7 \u00d7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN (×)Other variants and related characters:U+002A * ASTERISK (*, *)U+2062  INVISIBLE TIMES (⁢, ⁢) (a zero-width space indicating multiplication)U+00B7 \u00b7 MIDDLE DOT (·, ·, ·) (the interpunct, may be easier to type than the dot operator)U+2297 \u2297 CIRCLED TIMES (⊗, ⊗)U+22C5 \u22c5 DOT OPERATOR (⋅)U+2715 \u2715 MULTIPLICATION XU+2716 \u2716 HEAVY MULTIPLICATION XU+2A09 \u2a09 N-ARY TIMES OPERATORU+2A2F \u2a2f VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT (⨯) (intended to explicitly denote the cross product of two vectors)U+2A30 \u2a30 MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE (⨰)U+2A31 \u2a31 MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR (⨱)U+2A34 \u2a34 MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE (⨴)U+2A35 \u2a35 MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE (⨵)U+2A36 \u2a36 CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (⨶)U+2A37 \u2a37 MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE (⨷)U+2A3B \u2a3b MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE (⨻)U+2AC1 \u2ac1 SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW (⫁)U+2AC2 \u2ac2 SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW (⫂)See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b c Weisstein, Eric W. “Multiplication”. mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-26.^ Stallings, L. (2000). “A Brief History of Algebraic Notation”. School Science and Mathematics. 100 (5): 230\u2013235. doi:10.1111\/j.1949-8594.2000.tb17262.x. ISSN\u00a00036-6803.^ a b c Cajori, Florian (1928). A History of Mathematical Notations, Volume I: Notations in Elementary Mathematics. Open Court. pp.\u00a0251\u2013252.^ William Oughtred (1667). Clavis Mathematicae. p.\u00a010. Multiplicatio speciosa connectit utramque magintudinem propositam cum not\u00e2 in vel \u00d7: vel plerumque absque not\u00e2, si magnitudines denotentur unica litera^ Nykamp, Duane. “Cartesian product definition”. Math Insight. Retrieved August 26, 2020.^ New Hart’s rules: the handbook of style for writers and editors, Oxford University Press, 2005, p.\u00a0183, ISBN\u00a0978-0-19-861041-0^ “Mac Zeichenpalette” (in German). TypoWiki. Archived from the original on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2009-10-09.^ “Unicode Character ‘MULTIPLICATION SIGN’ (U+00D7)”. Fileformat.info. Retrieved 2017-01-13.External links[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/multiplication-sign-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Multiplication sign – Wikipedia"}}]}]