[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/nzadi-language-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/nzadi-language-wikipedia\/","headline":"Nzadi language – Wikipedia","name":"Nzadi language – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Bantu language of DR Congo Person Ondz\u00e9\u00e9 People Andz\u00e9\u00e9 Language Indz\u00e9\u00e9 Nzadi is","datePublished":"2016-10-13","dateModified":"2016-10-13","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/nzadi-language-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":2054,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Bantu language of DR CongoPersonOndz\u00e9\u00e9PeopleAndz\u00e9\u00e9LanguageIndz\u00e9\u00e9Nzadi is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “from Kwamuntu to Ilebo along the north side of the Kasai River in Bandundu Province.” The number of speakers of Nzadi is not known, but is estimated to be in the thousands. The Nzadi language has three dialects, Ngiemba, Lensibun, and Ndz\u00e9 Ntaa.[1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsPhonology[edit]Vowels[edit]Consonants[edit]Syllable Structure[edit]Phonological Rules[edit]Vowel Coalescence[edit]Vowel Shortening[edit]Vowel Harmony[edit]General Tone Rules[edit]Tone Absorption[edit]Contour Simplification[edit]Intonation[edit]References[edit]Phonology[edit]Vowels[edit]Nzadi contains seven contrastive vowels, which can be either long or short. The table below shows all the vowel phonemes found in the language:frontcentralbackhighi  iiu uuhigh-mide eeo oolow-mid\u025b \u025b\u025b\u0254 \u0254\u0254lowa aaConsonants[edit]labialalveolarpalatalvelarlabiovelarstopsp bt dk (g)kp (gb)affricates(pf) bvts dzfricativesf vs znasalsmnliquidsl (r)glidesywSyllable Structure[edit]Unlike other Bantu languages, which favor polysyllabic word stems, Nzadi consists primarily of monosyllabic stems. Bisyllabic stems are also present, but they are primarily borrowings or reduplications.[3]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Examplesm\u00e0\u00e1\u014bg\u01d4l ‘mango’p\u0254tp\u0254\u0302t ‘mud’kamy\u0254\u0302 ‘car’ (from French camion ‘truck’)All stems necessarily begin with a consonant, and monosyllabic stems take four possible structures: CV, CVC, CVV, or CVVC. In the case of bisyllabic stems, both syllables begin with a consonant, and long vowels never occur in the first syllable, and rarely in the second.Phonological Rules[edit]As a result of the systematic shortening of word stems, Nzadi words tend to have more vowel clusters than other Bantu languages, and in many cases adjusts one or more of the adjacent vowels by the following processes.[1]Vowel Coalescence[edit]When two different vowels occur in succession, one of three things can happen, depending on several factors:Coalescence ProcessOccurs When(i)V1 deletes without affecting the length of V2V1 + V2 \u2192 V2V1 is a non-stem vowel(ii)V1 deletes with compensatory lengthening of V2V1 + V2 \u2192 V2V2V1 is a stem vowel(iii)The two vowels can be realized without modificationV1 + V2 \u2192 V1V2V1 and V2 meet when two lexical words occur in sequence[1]Vowel Shortening[edit]In cases in which coalescence does not occur, a long vowel followed immediately by another vowel will shorten.[1]Examples:ibaa + ikw\u0254 = iba ikw\u0254es\u00fa\u00fa na o dz\u00e9 iba ikw\u0254‘the day that the man ate the banana’ibaa + esaa = iba esaaes\u00fa\u00fa na o dz\u00e9 iba esaa‘the day that the man ate the food’Vowel Harmony[edit]Due to the historical word shortening from Proto-Bantu, Nzadi does not have the stem-level vowel harmony that many other Bantu languages do. However, one kind of harmony does present itself: \/e-\/ or \/o-\/ noun prefixes will harmonize to \u025b- or \u0254- if the stem has an identical \/\u025b\/ or \/\u0254\/ vowel.[1]Nzadi, like other Bantu languages, has two contrastive tone leves, high (H) and low (L), which can combine to form falling (HL), rising (LH), and rising-falling (LHL) contour tones.[1]H:nw\u00ed‘bee’m\u00e1\u00e1n‘wine’L:bw\u0254‘mushroom’bvuur‘load’HL:k\u00eet‘chair’w\u00e1\u00e0r‘dress!’LH:bv\u01d0m‘theft’t\u00e0\u00e1‘father’LHL:dz\u01d0\u02cb‘eye’m\u01ce\u00e0n‘ground’Tone in Nzadi conveys important lexical and grammatical information, and can be the only difference between different words and forms, as seen in the minimal quintuplet here:H:\u014bk\u00fan‘that very one’L:okun‘to bury, plant’HL:ek\u00fbn‘firewood’LH:ik\u01d4n‘trunk’LHL:k\u01d4\u02cbn‘bury! plant!”[1]General Tone Rules[edit]Tone Absorption[edit]When a contour tone is followed by another tone that begins with the same tone level as the end of the first, the first tone is simplified by dropping the final tone level. For example, a HL contour followed by a L tone will be simplified to H.[1]Examples:\/mb\u00e9\u00e8\/ ‘friend’mb\u00e9\u00e9 m\u01d0\u02cb ‘my friend’mb\u00e9\u00e9 t\u00e0\u00e1 ‘the father’s friend’Contour Simplification[edit]Contour simplification is similar to tone absorption, but occurs when adjacent tone levels are different, as seen in the following possessive constructions:\/mbw\u0254\u030cm ok\u00e1\u00e0r\/mbw\u0254m ok\u00e1\u00e0r ‘the woman’s nose’\/mb\u01d4n mb\u00e9\u00e8\/mbun mb\u00e9\u00e8 ‘the friend’s forehead’\/ik\u0254\u030c\u014b \u00e9 ibaa\/ik\u0254\u014b ib\u00e1\u00e0 ‘the man’s spear’\/ik\u0254\u030c\u014b \u00e9 m\u00f9\u00f9r\/ik\u0254\u014b e m\u00fa\u00f9r ‘the person’s spear’[1]Intonation[edit]Despite the functional load of tone in Nzadi, intonation can interact or interfere with lexical tones, particularly when a pause in the utterance is taken. In this case, a H boundary tone is inserted.[1]Example:L-Lmbum ‘fruit’mb\u01d4m, mi \u00f3 p\u00e9 mw\u01ce\u00e0n ‘a fruit I gave the child’L-LHmb\u01d4m ‘maggot’mb\u01d4m, mi \u00f3 p\u00e9 mw\u01ce\u00e0n ‘a maggot I gave the child’L-HLmp\u00fa\u00f9 ‘rat’mp\u00fa\u00f9, mi \u00f3 p\u00e9 mw\u01ce\u00e0n ‘a rat I gave the child’L-Hep\u00fa\u00fa ‘cloth’ep\u00fa\u00fa, mi \u00f3 p\u00e9 mw\u01ce\u00e0n ‘a cloth I gave the child’References[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/nzadi-language-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Nzadi language – Wikipedia"}}]}]