[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pierre-gardel-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pierre-gardel-wikipedia\/","headline":"Pierre Gardel – Wikipedia","name":"Pierre Gardel – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Pierre-Gabriel Gardel (4 February 1758, in Nancy, France \u2013 18 October 1840, in","datePublished":"2019-11-03","dateModified":"2019-11-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Pierre_Gardel_1828.jpg\/220px-Pierre_Gardel_1828.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Pierre_Gardel_1828.jpg\/220px-Pierre_Gardel_1828.jpg","height":"262","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pierre-gardel-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":1433,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Pierre-Gabriel Gardel (4 February 1758, in Nancy, France \u2013 18 October 1840, in Paris) was a French ballet dancer, ballet master, violinist, and composer.[1] He was the younger brother of Maximilien Gardel, seventeen years his senior.[2] In 1795 he married the dancer Marie Miller, whom he showcased in many of his works.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Entering the school of the Op\u00e9ra de Paris (Paris Opera) in 1772, he began his studies under his brother’s watch. He became a soloist in 1780, but had to give up his performing career for health reasons, paired with the rising jealousy of his contemporary Auguste Vestris, who was a natural technician.[3] Upon his brother Maximillien’s death in 1787, Pierre took over as the Opera’s ballet master.Assisted by Louis Milon, Gardel went on to head the Ballet de l’Op\u00e9ra de Paris for 40 years, adapting to the turmoil of the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon.His first three ballets: Le Jugement de P\u00e2ris (1787), Psych\u00e9 (1790), T\u00e9l\u00e9maque (1790) drew upon classical myths and were considered compatible with the old regime. As the French Revolution caused a political upheaval, Gardel created patriotic dances which combined political content with neoclassical ideas. He collaborated with Jacques-Louis David, a painter who shared Gardel’s views on showcasing the Revolution’s ideas in works of art.[4] In L’Offrande \u00e0 la Libert\u00e9 (1792) Gardel reproduced the events of the Revolution as an opera with music composed by Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph Gossec.[1] It included the revolutionary national anthem The Marseillaise, which was sung on stage.[1]Pierre Gardel argued that strong technical dancing was equally important to a ballet’s story and theatrics.  He was influenced by Noverre’s reforms, although Gardel didn’t see the need to limit technique when including pantomime.[5] He kept mime to a minimum and cast those with natural dramatic ability.  His choreography offered dancers what he saw as challenging and dramatic work.[6]  Outside of the Opera ballet masters were focusing on pantomime. It was at this time that Gardel enabled changes in the training to reflect his focus on expanding technique to encompass great bodily feats. Gardel allowed and encouraged the creation of divertissements for the dancers. Auguste Vestris was a principal dancer at this time and well known for pushing the boundaries of turning and jumping. The very thing that caused Gardel discomfort as a dancer became valuable once Gardel became the Op\u00e9ra’s ballet master.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The uniformity of training that the Opera is known for was first seen under his rule. Criticized for not allowing outside choreographers access to his dancers “he kept them in a type of artistic isolation.” (Au 42) [7] Some argue that Gardel’s leadership was the reason that so few notable dancers emerged from the Opera during and in the years that followed his reign.[8] A talented choreographer, he enthused the public from his first productions in 1790 right through to those just before his retirement. In 1820 he began lessening his work load, opting to create works for the operas, rather than full ballets. From 1820, the creation of ballets was transferred to Jean-Pierre Aumer, although Gardel didn’t step down from his position and fully retire until 1827.Main works[edit]All put on at the Op\u00e9ra de Paris.1784\u00a0: Dardanus1786\u00a0: Les Sauvages1790\u00a0: T\u00e9l\u00e9maque dans l’\u00eele de Calypso1790\u00a0: Psych\u00e91791\u00a0: Bacchus et Ariane1793\u00a0: Le Jugement de P\u00e2ris1800\u00a0: La Dansomanie1802\u00a0: Le Retour de Z\u00e9phire1803\u00a0: Daphnis et Pandore1804\u00a0: Une demi-heure de caprice1804\u00a0: Achille \u00e0 Scyros1806\u00a0: Paul et Virginie1808\u00a0: V\u00e9nus et Adonis1808\u00a0: Alexandre chez Apelles1809\u00a0: La F\u00eate de Mars1810\u00a0: Vertumne et Pomone1810\u00a0: Pers\u00e9e et Androm\u00e8de1812\u00a0: L’Enfant prodigue1814\u00a0: Le Retour des lys1815\u00a0: L’Heureux Retour1817\u00a0: Les Fianc\u00e9 de Caserte1818\u00a0: Proserpine1818\u00a0: Zirphile1818\u00a0: La Servante justifi\u00e9eReferences[edit]^ a b c Kant, Marion (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Ballet. Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press., 2007.^ Cannabich, Christian, and Georg Joseph Vogler. Le Rendes-vous, Ballet de Chasse: Partitur. Ed. Floyd Kersey Grave. Vol. 1. AR Editions, Inc., 1996.^ Chapman, John V. “Forgotten Giant: Pierre Gardel.” Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research 5.1 (1987): 3-20.^ Giza, Brian H. “PIERRE GARDEL AND HIS RELATIONSHIP TO THE RISE OF THE ROMANTIC BALLET.”^ Chapman, John V. “Forgotten Giant: Pierre Gardel.” Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research 5.1 (1987): 3-20.^ Chapman, John V. “Forgotten Giant: Pierre Gardel.” Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research 5.1 (1987): 3-20.^ Au, Susan, and Selma Jeanne Cohen. Ballet and modern dance. Thames & Hudson, 2002.^ Giza, Brian H. “PIERRE GARDEL AND HIS RELATIONSHIP TO THE RISE OF THE ROMANTIC BALLET.”External links[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pierre-gardel-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Pierre Gardel – Wikipedia"}}]}]