[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pratityasamutpada-gatha-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pratityasamutpada-gatha-wikipedia\/","headline":"Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da g\u0101th\u0101 – Wikipedia","name":"Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da g\u0101th\u0101 – Wikipedia","description":"Phrase in Early Buddhist texts, used in devotion Stone statue of Buddha from Sultanganj in Bihar with ye dharma hetu","datePublished":"2016-06-09","dateModified":"2016-06-09","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Sultanganj_Buddha.JPG\/220px-Sultanganj_Buddha.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Sultanganj_Buddha.JPG\/220px-Sultanganj_Buddha.JPG","height":"293","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pratityasamutpada-gatha-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4901,"articleBody":"Phrase in Early Buddhist texts, used in devotion  Stone statue of Buddha from Sultanganj in Bihar with ye dharma hetu inscribed on the lotus base (magnify to see),  500-700 ADThe Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da-g\u0101th\u0101, also referred to as the Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da-dh\u0101ra\u1e47\u012b (dependent origination incantation) or ye dharm\u0101 hetu, is a verse (g\u0101th\u0101) and a dh\u0101ra\u1e47\u012b widely used by Buddhists in ancient times which was held to have the function of a mantra or sacred spell.[1] It was often found carved on chaityas, stupas, images, or placed within chaityas.[2][3][4]The Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da-g\u0101th\u0101 is used in Sanskrit as well as Pali. It is found in Mahavagga section of Vinaya Pitaka of the Pali Canon. The mantra has been widely used. It has been used at Sarnath, Tirhut, Kanari Copperplate, Tagoung, Sherghatti, near Gaya, Allahabad column, Sanchi etc.According to Buddhist scriptural sources, these words were used by the Arahat Assaji (Skt: A\u015bvajit) when asked about the teaching of the Buddha. On the spot, Sariputta (Skt: \u015a\u0101riputra) attained the stage of stream entry and later shared the verses with his friend Moggall\u0101na (Skt: Maudgalyayana) who also attained stream entry. They then went to the Buddha, along with 500 of their disciples, and asked to become his disciples.[5]Table of ContentsOriginal text[edit]Sanskrit[edit]Pali[edit]English[edit]Tibetan[edit]Copper plate in the Sch\u00f8yen Collection[edit]On Buddha images[edit]Malaysia inscriptions[edit]Inscriptions in Pallava scripts found in Thailand[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Original text[edit]  Votive plaque with figure of the Buddha at the Cleveland Museum of Art, originating from Bodhgaya, and featuring the prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da g\u0101th\u0101 at the bottom: magnify to see the textSanskrit[edit]  Image of a Buddhist engraving discovered by Stein at the Mogao Caves, Dunhuang, China. The engraving is a series of dharanis and mantras, beginning with the Pure Land Rebirth Dharani, but also including the Dependent Origination Gatha.[1]  The g\u0101th\u0101 \/ dh\u0101ra\u1e47\u012b in Sanskrit is as follows:[1]\u092f\u0947 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924\u094b \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0926\u0924\u094d \u0924\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0902 \u091a \u092f\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u0903IAST transliteration:  ye dharm\u0101 hetuprabhav\u0101 hetu\u1e43 te\u1e63\u0101\u1e43 tath\u0101gato hyavadat. te\u1e63\u0101\u1e43 ca yo nirodha eva\u1e43 v\u0101d\u012b mah\u0101\u015brama\u1e47a\u1e25Pali[edit]In Pali, the text reads:\u201c\ud804\udc2c\ud804\udc42 \ud804\udc25\ud804\udc2b\ud804\udc46\ud804\udc2b\ud804\udc38 \ud804\udc33\ud804\udc42\ud804\udc22\ud804\udc3c\ud804\udc27\ud804\udc46\ud804\udc27\ud804\udc2a\ud804\udc2f\ud804\udc38, \ud804\udc22\ud804\udc42\ud804\udc32\ud804\udc01 \ud804\udc33\ud804\udc42\ud804\udc22\ud804\udc3c\ud804\udc01 \ud804\udc22\ud804\udc23\ud804\udc38\ud804\udc15\ud804\udc22\ud804\udc44 \ud804\udc06\ud804\udc33\ud804\udc47 \ud804\udc22\ud804\udc42\ud804\udc32\ud804\udc1c\ud804\udc46\ud804\udc18 \ud804\udc2c\ud804\udc44 \ud804\udc26\ud804\udc3a\ud804\udc2d\ud804\udc44\ud804\udc25\ud804\udc44, \ud804\udc0f\ud804\udc2f\ud804\udc01\ud804\udc2f\ud804\udc38\ud804\udc24\ud804\udc3b \ud804\udc2b\ud804\udc33\ud804\udc38\ud804\udc32\ud804\udc2b\ud804\udc21\ud804\udc44\u201d\ud804\udc22\ud804\udc3a\ud804\udc48Transliteration into Latin script:ye dhamm\u0101 hetuppabhav\u0101 tesa\u1e41 hetu\u1e41 tath\u0101gato \u0101ha,tesa\u1e43 ca yo nirodho eva\u1e41v\u0101d\u012b mah\u0101sama\u1e47o.English[edit]Daniel Boucher translates as follows:[6]Those dharmas which arise from a cause, the Tath\u0101gata has declared their cause,and that which is the cessation of them. Thus the great renunciant (sramana) has taught.The P\u0101\u1e37i commentaries take the first line as pointing to suffering (dukkha), the second to its cause (samudaya) and the third to its cessation (nirodha).Tibetan[edit]In Tibetan:\u0f46\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f72\u0f0d \u0f0d\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f60\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f0d \u0f0d\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f64\u0f7a\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f40\u0f60\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fa9\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f4f\u0f7a\u0f0d \u0f0d\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb3\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7a\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f90\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f66\u0f74\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0d\u0f0dor\u0f46\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f50\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f45\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f0d \u0f0d\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f64\u0f7a\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f66\u0f74\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0d \u0f0d\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0d \u0f0d\u0f51\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fa6\u0fb1\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7a\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f51\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f90\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f66\u0f74\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0dThe Wylie transliteration is:chos gang rgyu byung de dag gi\/ rgyu dang de ‘gog gang yin pa’ngde bzhin gshegs pas bka’ stsal te\/ dge slong chen po de skad gsungs \/\/chos rnams thams cad rgyu las byung\/ de rgyu de bzhin gshegs pas gsungs\/rgyu la ‘gog pa gang yin pa\/ dge sbyong chen pos ‘di skad gsungs \/\/Copper plate in the Sch\u00f8yen Collection[edit]A copper place from the Gandhara region (probably Bamiyan), dated to about 5th century AD has a variation of the mantra. It appears to have some mistakes, for example it uses ta\u1e6dh\u0101gata instead of tath\u0101gata. It is now in the Sch\u00f8yen Collection.[7]On Buddha images[edit]The mantra was often also carved below the images of the Buddha. A Buddhist screen (parikara) and accompanying Buddha image is now preserved at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. While the objects were found in South India, the mantra is given in north Indian 8-9th century script, perhaps originating from the Pala region.[8]Malaysia inscriptions[edit]The Bukit Meriam Sanskrit inscription from Kedah includes two additional lines. The inscription is now in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Other similar inscriptions were found in the Kedah region.[9]\u092f\u0947 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0924\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0902 \u091a \u092f\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u0903\u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0903 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u092e\u094d\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947ye dharm\u0101 hetuprabhav\u0101 hetu\u1e43 te\u1e63\u0101\u1e43 tath\u0101gata uv\u0101ca,te\u1e63\u0101\u1e43 ca yo nirodha eva\u1e43 v\u0101di mah\u0101\u015brama\u1e47a\u1e25.aj\u00f1\u0101n\u0101c c\u012byate karma; janmana\u1e25 karma k\u0101ra\u1e47am,j\u00f1\u0101n\u0101n na c\u012byate karma; karm\u0101bh\u0101v\u0101n na j\u0101yate.Here several minor orthographic peculiarities (i.e. misspellings) have been standardized. The lines can be translated as:Those dharmas which arise from a cause, the Tath\u0101gata has declared their cause, and that which is the cessation of them; thus the great renunciant has taught.Through ignorance, karma is accumulated; karma is the cause of birth.Through knowledge, karma is not accumulated; through absence of karma, one is not (re)born.Inscriptions in Pallava scripts found in Thailand[edit]Ye dharma hetu is also found in Thailand including the stupa peak found in 1927 from Nakhon Pathom [10] along with a wall of Phra Pathom Chedi and a shrine in Phra Pathom chedi found in 1963,[11][12] a brick found in 1963 from Chorakhesamphan township, U Thong district of Suphanburi,[13] stone inscriptions found in 1964 [14][15] and the stone inscription found in 1980 from Srithep Archeological site.[16] All of them have been inscribed in Pallava scripts of Pali language dated 12th Buddhist century (the 7th Century in common era). Furthermore, there are Sanskrit version of ye dharma hetu inscribed in Pallava scripts in clay amulets  found in 1989 from an archaeological site in Yarang district of Pattani dated to the 7th century CE.[17][18]See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b c Gergely Hidas (2014). Two dh\u0101ran\u012b prints in the Stein Collection at the British Museum. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 77, pp 105-117 doi:10.1017\/ S0041977X13001341^ “A New Document of Indian Painting Pratapaditya Pal”. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (3\/4): 103\u2013111. Oct 1965. JSTOR\u00a025202861.^ On the miniature chaityas, Lieut.-Col. Sykes,  Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 16, By Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland,, University Press, 1856^ Boucher, Daniel. 1991. \u201cThe Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101dag\u0101th\u0101 and its role in the medieval cult of the relics\u201d, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 14: 1\u201327.^ Text and Translation of their story: http:\/\/www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net\/Texts-and-Translations\/Mahakhandhako\/41-Sariputta-Moggallana.htm^ Boucher, Daniel. 1991. \u201cThe Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101dag\u0101th\u0101 and its role in the medieval cult of the relics\u201d, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 14: 1\u201327.^ An Unusual ye dharm\u0101 Formula, in TRACES OF GANDH\u0100RAN BUDDHISM An Exhibition of Ancient Buddhist Manuscripts in the Sch\u00f8yen Collection, TRACES OF GANDH\u0100RAN BUDDHISM An Exhibition of Ancient Buddhist Manuscripts in the Sch\u00f8yen Collection, Hermes Publishing, 2010, p. 86^ Jan Fontein, A Buddhist Altarpiece from South India, MFA Bulletin, Vol. 78 (1980), pp. 4-21, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston^ The Malay Peninsula: Crossroads of the Maritime Silk-Road (100 Bc-1300 Ad), by Michel Jacq-Hergoualc\u2019h, BRILL, 2002. p. 220^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e52 \u0e1a\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e28\u0e34\u0e25\u0e32”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e51 (\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e10\u0e21\u0e40\u0e08\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e4c)”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e53 (\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2f)”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e1a\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e10 (\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e23\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e35)”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e54 (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e20\u0e32\u0e13\u0e38\u0e2f \u0e51)”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e55 (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e20\u0e32\u0e13\u0e38\u0e2f \u0e52)”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e23\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e1a\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e14\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e22\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07 (\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27) \u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e51”.^ “\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 | \u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e22\u0e18\u0e21\u0e3a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2f \u0e1a\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e14\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e22\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07 (\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27) \u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52”.External 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