[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pulvinar-nuclei-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pulvinar-nuclei-wikipedia\/","headline":"Pulvinar nuclei – Wikipedia","name":"Pulvinar nuclei – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 The pulvinar nuclei or nuclei of the pulvinar (nuclei pulvinares) are the nuclei","datePublished":"2017-07-26","dateModified":"2017-07-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ab\/Constudthal.gif\/120px-Constudthal.gif","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ab\/Constudthal.gif\/120px-Constudthal.gif","height":"113","width":"120"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pulvinar-nuclei-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5474,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The pulvinar nuclei or nuclei of the pulvinar (nuclei pulvinares) are the nuclei (cell bodies of neurons) located in the thalamus (a part of the vertebrate brain). As a group they make up the collection called the pulvinar of the thalamus (pulvinar thalami), usually just called the pulvinar.The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei in rodents and carnivores, and stands as an independent complex in primates.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsStructure[edit]Clinical significance[edit]Other animals[edit]Etymology and pronunciation[edit]References[edit]Additional images[edit]External links[edit]Structure[edit]By convention, the pulvinar is divided into four nuclei:Their connectomic details are as follows:       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Clinical significance[edit]Lesions of the pulvinar can result in neglect syndromes and attentional deficits.[6] In addition, lesions in early life can impact normal visuomotor behaviors such as reaching and grasping.[7] Furthermore, the pulvinar was demonstrated to be instrumental in the preservation of vision afforded to a boy who lost his primary visual cortex bilaterally at birth[8] as well as other forms of blindsight in monkeys[9][10] and humans.[11] Strokes affecting the pulvinar have also been implicated in the development of chronic pain.[12]  In a case study of photophobia caused by blue light, pulvinar nuclei associated with the melanopsin containing ipRGCs visual pathway where bilaterally activated.[13]Other animals[edit]The pulvinar varies in importance in different animals: it is virtually nonexistent in the rat, and grouped as the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex with the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus due to its small size in cats. In humans it makes up roughly 40% of the thalamus making it the largest of its nuclei.[14]  Significant research has been undertaken in the marmoset examining the role of the retinorecipient region of the inferior pulvinar (medial subdivision), which projects to visual cortical area MT, in the early development of MT and the dorsal stream, as well as following early-life lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1).[15][16][17]Etymology and pronunciation[edit]The word pulvinar () comes to scientific English vocabulary via New Latin from classical Latin pulvinus ‘cushion’. In the religion of ancient Rome, a pulvinar was an empty throne, a cushioned couch for occupation by a deity.[citation needed] Like the cervix uteri is usually just called the cervix (with “which cervix” being implicit), the pulvinar thalami (pulvinar of the thalamus) is usually just called the pulvinar; no other anatomic structure in today’s Terminologia Anatomica is called a pulvinar,[18] although in older terminology a part of the glomus body was called the pulvinar tunicae internae segmenti arterialis anastomosis arteriovenae glomeriformis.[citation needed] Each pulvinar nucleus (nucleus pulvinaris) has its own set of cortical connections.References[edit]^ Cappe, C\u00e9line; Morel, Anne; Barone, Pascal; Rouiller, Eric M. (September 2009). “The Thalamocortical Projection Systems in Primate: An Anatomical Support for Multisensory and Sensorimotor Interplay”. Cerebral Cortex. 19 (9): 2025\u20132037. doi:10.1093\/cercor\/bhn228. PMC\u00a02722423. PMID\u00a019150924.^ Berman, R. A.; Wurtz, R. H. (12 January 2011). “Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus to Cortical Area MT”. Journal of Neuroscience. 31 (2): 373\u2013384. doi:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4738-10.2011. PMC\u00a06623455. PMID\u00a021228149.^ Robinson, David Lee; Petersen, Steven E. (July 1985). “Responses of pulvinar neurons to real and self-induced stimulus movement”. Brain Research. 338 (2): 392\u2013394. doi:10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90176-3. PMID\u00a04027606. S2CID\u00a07547426.^ Petersen, Steven E.; Robinson, David Lee; Morris, J.David (January 1987). “Contributions of the pulvinar to visual spatial attention”. Neuropsychologia. 25 (1): 97\u2013105. doi:10.1016\/0028-3932(87)90046-7. PMID\u00a03574654. S2CID\u00a023143322.^ Chalupa, L. (1991). Visual function of the pulvinar. The Neural Basis of Visual Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 140-159.^ Arend, I.; Rafal, R.; Ward, R. (10 January 2008). “Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions”. Brain. 131 (8): 2140\u20132152. doi:10.1093\/brain\/awn135. PMID\u00a018669494.^ Mundinano, Inaki (2018). “Transient visual pathway critical for normal development of primate grasping behavior”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (6): 1364\u20131369. doi:10.1073\/pnas.1717016115. PMC\u00a05819431. PMID\u00a029298912.^ Mundinano, IC; Chen, J; de Souza, M; Sarossy, MG; Joanisse, MF; Goodale, MA; Bourne, JA (2017). “More than blindsight: Case report of a child with extraordinary visual capacity following perinatal bilateral occipital lobe injury”. Neuropsychologia. 128: 178\u2013186. doi:10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.017. PMID\u00a029146465. S2CID\u00a0207242249.^ Kinoshita, Masaharu; Kato, Rikako; Isa, Kaoru; Kobayashi, Kenta; Kobayashi, Kazuto; Onoe, Hirotaka; Isa, Tadashi (December 2019). “Dissecting the circuit for blindsight to reveal the critical role of pulvinar and superior colliculus”. Nature Communications. 10 (1): 135. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..135K. doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08058-0. PMC\u00a06329824. PMID\u00a030635570.^ Takakuwa, Norihiro; Isa, Kaoru; Onoe, Hirotaka; Takahashi, Jun; Isa, Tadashi (24 February 2021). “Contribution of the Pulvinar and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus to the Control of Visually Guided Saccades in Blindsight Monkeys”. The Journal of Neuroscience. 41 (8): 1755\u20131768. doi:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2293-20.2020. PMC\u00a08115889. PMID\u00a033443074.^ Kletenik, Isaiah; Ferguson, Michael A.; Bateman, James R.; Cohen, Alexander L.; Lin, Christopher; Tetreault, Aaron; Pelak, Victoria S.; Anderson, Clark Alan; Prasad, Sashank; Darby, Richard Ryan; Fox, Michael D. (February 2022). “Network Localization of Unconscious Visual Perception in Blindsight”. Annals of Neurology. 91 (2): 217\u2013224. doi:10.1002\/ana.26292. PMID\u00a034961965. S2CID\u00a0245553461.^ Vartiainen, Nuutti; Perchet, Caroline; Magnin, Michel; Creac\u2019h, Christelle; Convers, Philippe; Nighoghossian, Norbert; Maugui\u00e8re, Fran\u00e7ois; Peyron, Roland; Garcia-Larrea, Luis (March 2016). “Thalamic pain: anatomical and physiological indices of prediction”. Brain. 139 (3): 708\u2013722. doi:10.1093\/brain\/awv389. PMID\u00a026912644.^ Panorgias, Athanasios; Lee, Danielle; Silva, Katie E.; Borsook, David; Moulton, Eric A. (2019). “Blue light activates pulvinar nuclei in longstanding idiopathic photophobia: A case report”. NeuroImage: Clinical. 24: 102096. doi:10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102096. PMC\u00a06879998. PMID\u00a031795037.^ LaBerge, D. (1999). Attention pp. 44-98. In Cognitive science (Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Second Edition), Bly BM, Rumelhart DE. (edits). Academic Press ISBN\u00a0978-0-12-601730-4 p. 73^ Warner, Claire E.; Kwan, William C.; Bourne, James A. (28 November 2012). “The Early Maturation of Visual Cortical Area MT is Dependent on Input from the Retinorecipient Medial Portion of the Inferior Pulvinar”. Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (48): 17073\u201317085. doi:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3269-12.2012. PMC\u00a06621860. PMID\u00a023197701.^ Warner, Claire; Goldshmit, Yona; Bourne, James (2010). “Retinal afferents synapse with relay cells targeting the middle temporal area in the pulvinar and lateral geniculate nuclei”. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 4: 8. doi:10.3389\/neuro.05.008.2010. PMC\u00a02826187. PMID\u00a020179789.^ Warner, Claire E.; Kwan, William C.; Wright, David; Johnston, Leigh A.; Egan, Gary F.; Bourne, James A. (16 February 2015). “Preservation of Vision by the Pulvinar following Early-Life Primary Visual Cortex Lesions”. Current Biology. 25 (4): 424\u2013434. doi:10.1016\/j.cub.2014.12.028. PMID\u00a025601551.^ Baud, RH;  et\u00a0al., “Latin index of TA98, Terminologia Anatomica version 1998”, Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA), hosted by the University of Fribourg (Switzerland)Additional images[edit]Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.Dissection of brain-stem. Dorsal view.Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.Human brain left dissected midsagittal viewExternal links[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/pulvinar-nuclei-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Pulvinar nuclei – Wikipedia"}}]}]