[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/silabhadra-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/silabhadra-wikipedia\/","headline":"\u015a\u012blabhadra – Wikipedia","name":"\u015a\u012blabhadra – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia \u015a\u012blabhadra (Sanskrit; traditional Chinese: \u6212\u8ce2; ; pinyin: Ji\u00e8xi\u00e1n) (529\u2013645[1]) was a Buddhist monk and philosopher.","datePublished":"2016-02-27","dateModified":"2016-02-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3a\/%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%EF%BC%89.jpg\/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%EF%BC%89.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3a\/%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%EF%BC%89.jpg\/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%EF%BC%89.jpg","height":"161","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/silabhadra-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2321,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\u015a\u012blabhadra (Sanskrit; traditional Chinese: \u6212\u8ce2; ; pinyin: Ji\u00e8xi\u00e1n) (529\u2013645[1]) was a Buddhist monk and philosopher. He is best known as being an abbot of N\u0101land\u0101 monastery in India, as being an expert on Yog\u0101c\u0101ra teachings, and for being the personal tutor of the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang.Table of ContentsBiography[edit]Early life[edit]\u015a\u012blabhadra and Xuanzang[edit]Teachings[edit]References[edit]Biography[edit]  Early life[edit]\u015a\u012blabhadra was born in a Brahmin family in Magadha.[2] As a young man he went westward to N\u0101land\u0101, and was trained there by Dharmap\u0101la of N\u0101land\u0101, who also ordained him as a Buddhist monk.[3] According to Xuanzang’s account, \u015a\u012blabhadra gradually became famous for his learning even in foreign countries. At 30 years old, after defeating a Brahmin from southern India in a religious debate, the king insisted on giving him the revenue of a city, which \u015a\u012blabhadra accepted with reluctance, and he built a monastery there and kept it funded it with the city’s revenues.[3] The name of this monastery was \u015a\u012blabhadra Vih\u0101ra.[4]\u015a\u012blabhadra and Xuanzang[edit]At the age of 33, the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang made a dangerous journey to India in order to study Buddhism there and to procure Buddhist texts for translation into Chinese.[5] Xuanzang spent over ten years in India traveling and studying under various Buddhist masters.[5] These masters included \u015a\u012blabhadra, the abbot of N\u0101land\u0101 monastery, who was then 106 years old.[6] \u015a\u012blabhadra is described as being very old at this time and highly revered by the monks:[7]He was then very old, his nephew Buddhabhadra being 70 years of age. The pilgrim was met by twenty grave-looking monks, who introduced him to their chief, the venerable “Treasure of the True Law,” whose proper name of \u015a\u012blabhadra they did not dare to pronounce. Xuanzang advanced towards him according to the established etiquette on his elbows and knees, a custom which is still preserved in Burma under the name of Shikoh.Xuanzang records the number of teachers at N\u0101land\u0101 as being around 1510.[8] Of these, approximately 1000 were able to explain 20 collections of s\u016btras and \u015b\u0101stras, 500 were able to explain 30 collections, and only 10 teachers were able to explain 50 collections.[8] Xuanzang was among the few who were able to explain 50 collections or more.[8] At this time, only the abbot \u015a\u012blabhadra had studied all the major collections of s\u016btras and \u015b\u0101stras at N\u0101land\u0101.[8]Xuanzang was tutored in the Yog\u0101c\u0101ra teachings by \u015a\u012blabhadra for several years at N\u0101land\u0101. Upon his return from India, Xuanzang brought with him a wagon-load of Buddhist texts, including important Yog\u0101c\u0101ra works such as the Yog\u0101c\u0101rabh\u016bmi-\u015bastra.[9] In total, Xuanzang had procured 657 Buddhist texts from India.[5] Upon his return to China, he was given government support and many assistants for the purpose of translating these texts into Chinese.Teachings[edit]According to the Indian translator Div\u0101kara, \u015a\u012blabhadra divided the Buddhist teachings into three turnings of the Dharma Wheel, following the divisions given in the Sa\u1e43dhinirmocana S\u016btra:[10]In the first turning, the Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths at V\u0101r\u0101\u1e47as\u012b for those in the \u015bravaka vehicle. It is described as marvelous and wonderful, but requiring interpretation and occasioning controversy.[11] The doctrines of the first turning are exemplified in the Dharmacakra Pravartana S\u016btra. This turning represents the earliest phase of the Buddhist teachings and the earliest period in the history of Buddhism.In the second turning, the Buddha taught the Mah\u0101y\u0101na teachings to the bodhisattvas, teaching that all phenomena have no-essence, no arising, no passing away, are originally quiescent, and essentially in cessation. This turning is also described as marvelous and wonderful, but requiring interpretation and occasioning controversy.[11] Doctrine of the second turning is established in the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 teachings, first put into writing around 100 BCE. In Indian philosophical schools, it is exemplified by the M\u0101dhyamaka school of N\u0101g\u0101rjuna.In the third turning, the Buddha taught similar teachings to the second turning, but for everyone in the three vehicles, including all the \u015bravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas. These were meant to be completely explicit teachings in their entire detail, for which interpretations would not be necessary, and controversy would not occur.[11] These teachings were established by the Sa\u1e43dhinirmocana S\u016btra as early as the 1st or 2nd century CE.[12] In the Indian philosophical schools, the third turning is exemplified by the Yog\u0101c\u0101ra school of Asa\u1e45ga and Vasubandhu.\u015a\u012blabhadra considered the teachings from the third turning (Yog\u0101c\u0101ra) to be the highest form of Buddhism, because it fully explains the three natures, but the M\u0101dhyamaka teacher J\u00f1\u0101naprabha notably opposed this idea.[10] Instead, J\u00f1\u0101naprabha regarded Yog\u0101c\u0101ra teachings to be below M\u0101dhyamaka, because they (purportedly) posit the real existence of a mind.[10]\u015a\u012blabhadra composed the text Buddhabh\u016bmivy\u0101khy\u0101na, which is now extant only in the Tibetan language.[1]References[edit]^ a b Nakamura, Hajime. Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes. 1999. p. 281^ “\u015a\u012blabhadra”.^ a b Watters, Thomas. Smith, Vincent Arthur. Yuan Chwang’s travels in India. 1905. pp. 109-110^ Mookerji, Radhakumud. Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist. 1989. p. 517^ a b c Liu, JeeLoo. An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy: From Ancient Philosophy to Chinese Buddhism. 2006. p. 220^ Wei Tat. Cheng Weishi Lun. 1973. p. li^ Archaeological survey Reports, Volume 16. 1883. p. 47^ a b c d Mookerji, Radhakumud. Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist. 1989. p. 565^ Tagawa, Shun’ei (2009).  Charles Muller (ed.). Living Yogacara: An Introduction to Consciousness-Only Buddhism. Wisdom Publications. p.\u00a0xx-xxi (forward). ISBN\u00a0978-0-86171-589-3.^ a b c Gregory, Peter. Inquiry Into the Origin of Humanity: An Annotated Translation of Tsung-mi’s Y\u00fcan Jen Lun with a Modern Commentary. 1995. pp. 168-170^ a b c Keenan, John (2000). The Scripture on the Explication of the Underlying Meaning. Numata Center. ISBN\u00a01-886439-10-9: p. 49^ Powers, John (1993), Hermeneutics and tradition in the Sa\u1e43dhinirmocana-s\u016btra, Brill Academic Publishers, pp.\u00a04\u201311, ISBN\u00a090-04-09826-7  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/silabhadra-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u015a\u012blabhadra – Wikipedia"}}]}]