[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/stress-in-spanish-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/stress-in-spanish-wikipedia\/","headline":"Stress in Spanish – Wikipedia","name":"Stress in Spanish – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Linguistic feature Stress in Spanish is functional: to change the placement of stress","datePublished":"2017-08-23","dateModified":"2017-08-23","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png","height":"11","width":"11"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/stress-in-spanish-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3584,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Linguistic featureStress in Spanish is functional: to change the placement of stress changes the meaning of a sentence or phrase: for example, c\u00e9lebre (‘famous’), celebre (‘[that] he\/she celebrates’), and celebr\u00e9 (‘I celebrated’) contrast only by stress. There is some minor variance between Spanish dialects; a speaker of Rioplatense Spanish will pronounce boina (‘beret’) as [\u02c8bojna] while a speaker of Colombian Spanish will pronounce it as [bo\u02c8ina].       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsTranscription[edit]Position[edit]Creating contrasts[edit]Word stress categories[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Transcription[edit]Spanish has only two degrees of stress. In traditional transcription, primary stress is marked with an acute accent (\u00b4) over the vowel. Unstressed parts of a word are emphasized by placing a breve (\u02d8) over the vowel if a mark is needed, or it is left unmarked.Position[edit]Stress usually occurs in three positions in Spanish: on the final syllable (oxytone, e.g. se\u00f1or, ciudad), the penultimate syllable (paroxytone, e.g. se\u00f1ora, nosotros), or the antepenultimate syllable (proparoxytone, e.g. tel\u00e9fono, s\u00e1bado), although in very rare cases, it can come on the fourth-to-last syllable in compound words (see below). Vowel-final words and those ending in -s or -n are usually stressed on the penultimate syllable.[1] That accounts for around 80% of Spanish vocabulary.[2]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4There are almost no Spanish words with antepenultimate stress that have a complex syllable rime in the penult. For example, made-up words such as tel\u00e9fosno, tel\u00e9fiono and \u00e1tasca are considered ill-formed by native speakers.There are a few exceptions, such as the Anglicisms W\u00e1shington and M\u00e1nchester, and the town of Fr\u00f3mista in Spain.The trilled \/r\/, the palatal nasal \/\u0272\/, and the palatal lateral \/\u028e\/ are similarly excluded from the final syllable of proparoxytones. Thus chinchorro ‘trawling net’ is allowed, but the made-up ch\u00ednchorro can be considered ungrammatical. That said, Spanish does have some words containing antepenultimate stress and trills in the final syllable onset, which are typically of onomatopoeic, Basque, or unknown origin: ch\u00e1ncharras-m\u00e1ncharras ‘pretexts’ (onomatopoeic), Ch\u00e1varri (a last name of Basque origin), t\u00e1barro ‘type of wasp’.[3][4]In addition, words that end in a falling diphthong almost always have final stress: carey ‘tortoise’ is allowed but made-up c\u00e1rey isn’t.[5][6] Some loanwords make an exception: p\u00f3ney, y\u00e9rsey, y\u00f3quey.In addition, some of Chilean Spanish’s voseo verb forms end in falling diphthongs but are stressed on the penultimate syllable. For example, bail\u00e1bai ‘you were dancing’ ends on an unstressed falling diphthong.[7][8]Creating contrasts[edit]All Spanish words have at least one stressed syllable when they are used in isolation. The word para [\u02c8pa\u027ea] can be a verb (the singular pronoun form of “stop”) or a preposition (in order to, for). When words are used in a phrase the stress can be dropped depending on the part of speech. Para el coche can mean “stop the car” if the stress remains. If the stress is removed, it means “for the car”. Some pairs of stressed and unstressed words are distinguished in writing by using a differential accent: s\u00ed ‘yes’ (stressed) \u2014 si ‘if’ (unstressed when used in a phrase).In English, contrasts are made by reducing vowels, changing the loudness of the word, or changing the intonation of the phrase. For example, this is her car (listen) emphasizes the owner of the car. If the stress is changed to say this is her car (listen), the emphasis is on showing what object belongs to a specific person. In Spanish, the stress is almost always changed by reordering the words. Using the same example este coche es suyo emphasizes the owner and \u00e9ste es su coche emphasizes the object.Word stress categories[edit]All Spanish words can be classified into one of four groups based on the position of their stress. If the last syllable is stressed it falls into the aguda category. Aguda words generally end in a consonant other than n or s, or are a conjugated verb that ends in an accented, stressed vowel.  If the stress falls on the second to last syllable, it is classified as a llana or grave. Llanas typically are words that end in n, s, or a vowel. Any exceptions have a written accent. If the stress is placed on the third to last or the fourth to last syllable, they are categorized as esdr\u00fajulas or sobresdr\u00fajulas, respectively. In either of the last two categories, the stressed syllable must be accented to break the rules of the first two categories. No single Spanish word is classified as a sobresdr\u00fajula, only compound verbs like dici\u00e9ndonosla (diciendo-nos-la; telling it to us).While certain adverbs ending in -mente have accent marks before the third syllable, these are not considered sobresdr\u00fajula. Instead, adverbs in -mente are considered to have two stressed syllables, one in -mente and the other in the adjectival root. For example, lentamente ‘slowly’ is pronounced [\u02c8lenta\u02c8mente].[9][10]References[edit]^ Eddington, David (2004). Spanish Phonology and Morphology: Experimental and Quantitative. p.\u00a0120. ISBN\u00a09789027215628. …vowel-final words and those ending in -s are stressed on the penultimate syllable, one would expect the test words to be given penultimate stress… One evidence that quantity sensitivity is relevant in Spanish is cited by Harris (1983, 1992)^ Joshi, R. Malatesha; Aaron, P. G. (2006). Handbook of Orthography and Literacy. p.\u00a0157. ISBN\u00a09781136610813. The normative pattern of accentuation in Spanish is, according to Quilis (1981, pp. 333\u2013336), with the stress on the penultimate syllable. Of words, 79.5% are paroxytone: these words are stressed on the next-to-the-last syllable^ Lipski, John M. (1989). “SPANISH YE\u00cdSMO AND THE PALATAL RESONANTS: TOWARDS A UNIFIED ANALYSIS” (PDF). Probus. 1 (2). doi:10.1515\/prbs.1989.1.2.211.^ Hualde, Jos\u00e9 Ignacio (2005). “Quasi-phonemic contrasts in Spanish”. WCCFL 23: Proceedings of the 23rd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press. pp.\u00a0374\u2013398.^ Lipski, John M. (1990). “SPANISH TAPS AND TRILLS: PHONOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF AN ISOLATED OPPOSITION” (PDF). Folia Linguistica. 24 (3\u20134): 153\u2013172. doi:10.1515\/flin.1990.24.3-4.153.^ Lipski, John M. (1997). “Spanish word stress: the interaction of moras and minimality”.  In Martinez-Gil, Fernando; Morales-Front, Alfonso (eds.). Issues in the phonology and morphology of the major Iberian languages (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. pp.\u00a0559\u2013593. ISBN\u00a09780878406470.^ Baquero Vel\u00e1squez, Julia M.; Westphal Montt, Germ\u00e1n F. (16 July 2014). “Un an\u00e1lisis sincr\u00f3nico del voseo verbal chileno y rioplatense”. Forma y Funci\u00f3n (in Spanish). 27 (2): 11\u201340. doi:10.15446\/fyf.v27n2.47558.^ Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola. “voseo | Diccionario panhisp\u00e1nico de dudas”. \u00abDiccionario panhisp\u00e1nico de dudas\u00bb (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-04-28.^ “tilde”. Diccionario panhisp\u00e1nico de dudas (in Spanish). Royal Spanish Academy. Retrieved 20 May 2022.^ “acento”. Diccionario panhisp\u00e1nico de dudas (in Spanish). Royal Spanish Academy. Retrieved 20 May 2022.Dalbor, John B. (1997). Spanish Pronunciation: Theory and Practice (Print\u00a0ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN\u00a09780030180774.External links[edit]Wikimedia ErrorOur servers are currently under maintenance or experiencing a technical problem.Please try again in a few\u00a0minutes.See the error message at the bottom of this page for more\u00a0information.      (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/stress-in-spanish-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Stress in Spanish – Wikipedia"}}]}]