[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/theatre-in-azerbaijan-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/theatre-in-azerbaijan-wikipedia\/","headline":"Theatre in Azerbaijan – Wikipedia","name":"Theatre in Azerbaijan – Wikipedia","description":"Azerbaijani theatre (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan teatr\u0131) \u2013 is a theatrical art of the Azerbaijani people.[1] Table of Contents History[edit]Origination of the","datePublished":"2014-06-18","dateModified":"2014-06-18","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/81\/Artists_of_Arshin_Mal_Alan_%28Azerbaijan_Opera_and_Ballet_Theater%2C_1928%29.jpg\/300px-Artists_of_Arshin_Mal_Alan_%28Azerbaijan_Opera_and_Ballet_Theater%2C_1928%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/81\/Artists_of_Arshin_Mal_Alan_%28Azerbaijan_Opera_and_Ballet_Theater%2C_1928%29.jpg\/300px-Artists_of_Arshin_Mal_Alan_%28Azerbaijan_Opera_and_Ballet_Theater%2C_1928%29.jpg","height":"187","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/theatre-in-azerbaijan-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":2450,"articleBody":"  Azerbaijani theatre (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan teatr\u0131) \u2013 is a theatrical art of the Azerbaijani people.[1]Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Origination of the national Azerbaijani theatre – late 19th century, early 20th century[edit]Development of Azerbaijani theatre in the Soviet period[edit]Azerbaijani Musical Theatre[edit]References[edit]History[edit]Sources of Azerbaijani theatrical art lie on ancient holidays and dances.[1]  Elements of theatrical action are in many types of Azerbaijani people’s creativity \u2013 in games (\u201cgizlanpach\u201d \u2013 hide and seek, \u201ckosaldigach\u201d \u2013 polo game), game songs (\u201ckepenek\u201d \u2013 butterfly, \u201cbanovsha\u201d \u2013 violet), wedding traditions (\u201cnishan\u201d \u2013 engagement, \u201cduvakhgalma\u201d \u2013 taking bride’s veil off, \u201ctoy\u201d \u2013 wedding) and holidays (\u201cNowruz\u201d \u2013 spring’s coming, \u201ckev-sej\u201d \u2013 preparation for winter).[2]Collective male dance \u201cyally\u201d, performance of skomorokhs, kandirbazs (rope-walkers), mukhraduzds and mukhrabazs, spectacles of dervish and snake charmers are initial forms of theatrical spectacles. Broadly famed national scenes such as \u201cKosa-kosa\u201d, \u201cGaravelli\u201d, \u201cShah Selim\u201d, \u201cKechal pahlavan\u201d(Bald-headed strong), \u201cJeyran khanim\u201d (Mrs. Jeyran), \u201cMaral oyunu\u201d (Deer’s game), \u201cKaftarkos\u201d (Hyena), \u201cKhan-khan\u201d (Ruler and judge), \u201cTapdig choban\u201d (Shepherd Tapdig) and \u201cTenbel gardash\u201d (Lazy brother) were of great importance in formation of national Azerbaijani theatre. \u201cKilim arasi\u201d (Out of carpet) puppet theatre, in spectacles of which ugly appearances of everyday life, social inequality and injustice were ridiculed, is an ancient type of Azerbaijani theatrical art.Religious-mystic spectacles were widely spread in the Middle Ages. Dramatized \u201cShabih\u201d tradition, which was generally held in sorrowful Muharram month, is one of spectacles like that.Origination of the national Azerbaijani theatre – late 19th century, early 20th century[edit]  National Azerbaijani theatre was originated in the second half of the 19th century, on the basis of a comedy by Mirza Fatali Akhundov, the first Azerbaijani playwright, prominent thinker and philosopher of Azerbaijan.The first professional spectacle in Azerbaijani language was displayed on March 23, 1873. Hasanbay Malikov-Zardabi, pedagogue of real school and Najafgulu bey Vazirov, student of the school were initiators of the spectacle. Students of the real school played \u201cVizier of Lankaran Khanate\u201d play by M.F.Akhundov on the stage of Baku Public Assembly. The second spectacle \u2013 \u201cHaji Gara\u201d (Miser’s adventures) – another comedy by M.F.Akhundov was displayed on the hall of Baku Public Assembly, on April 17, 1873.[3] Organization of professional theatre and staging of spectacles in Baku was stopped after the first spectacles. Zardabi was busy with creation of \u201cAkinchi\u201d newspaper, and Najaf bey Vazirov went to Russia for education. Opening of real school in Shusha in 1881, and elementary female school in 1894, also opening of a musical school by musical critic Kharrat Gulu and involvement of young singers there aroused interest of local intelligentsia in theatre.[4] So, amateurish spectacles were staged by young pedagogues in Shusha, during summer holidays. In the first years, the repertoire consisted of M.F.Akhundov’s works.[5]\u201cNew education\u201d newspaper wrote on August 17, 1884:These days, amateur theatregoers of Shusha displayed a spectacle in the native language for the third time for a charitable purpose. Initially, \u201cMastali Shah\u201d, comedy, then \u201cHaji Gara\u201d, and yesterday \u201cVizier of Lankaran Khanate\u201d were staged. Soon they’ll get together to display \u201cMonsieur Jordan\u201d comedy. All of them are written by Mirza Fatali Akhundov, prominent man among Caucasian Muslims.[6]  Number of theatre-lovers resulted in appearance of young playwrights. H.Vazirov, teacher of native language in Russo-Tatar School in Shusha city, actively participated in amateur circle of young pedagogues, in the 1890s. In 1892, amateurs staged \u201cMarrying \u2013 not slaking the thirst\u201d play by H.Vazirov. This spectacle was wrecked by fanatically incited believers and actors were made to escape through back door. Muslim priesthood, who considered literature and theatre an obscene work, began to impede display of spectacles. Ruling intelligentsia of Shusha, who began a battle with such reaction, organized new spectacles. In summer of 1984, the spectacles such as \u201cHaji Gara\u201d, \u201cMonsieur Jordan the botanist and famous sorcerer dervish Mastali Shah\u201d and \u201cBear, the winner of rubbers\u201d were staged one after another by young pedagogues for charitable purposes. In 1895, those actors finally finished \u201cMarrying \u2013 not slaking the thirst\u201d play by H.Vazirov. Success of the spectacle was mentioned in \u201cTerjuman\u201d newspaper.  In 1896, a new \u201cBroken nestle\u201d tragedy by A.Hagverdiyev was displayed in Shusha. Author of the play was director of the spectacle. In 1904, amateurs realized staging of \u201cOthello\u201d by W.Shakespeare. H.Vazirov was translator and performer of Othello’s peace.By the end of the 19th century, spectacles in Azerbaijani language were staged in province cities such as Nukha, Ganja, Shamakhi, Nakhchivan and others. Followers of Akhundov’s drama school, Najaf bey Vazirov, Hashim bey Vazirov, Nariman Narimanov, Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh and Suleyman Sani Akhundov, were organizers of theatrical spectacles.In 1888, a theatrical troupe was created in Baku by active participation of S.M.Ganizade and N.Narimanov. In 1897, the first professional collective \u2013 \u201cMuslim Drama Troupe\u201d \u2013 was established. Repertoire of pre-revolutionary theatre consisted of works of Azerbaijani playwrights (M.F.Akhundov, N.Vazirov, H.Vazirov, N.Narimanov, A.Hagverdiyev, J.Mammadguluzade and others), and also Russian (N.V.Gogol, I.S.Turgenev and L.N.Tolstoy) and western European classics (W.Shakespeare, Schiller and Moli\u00e8re). Azerbaijani theatre became the center of spreading of enlightenment and democracy ideas from its first years. Morals of feudal society, oppression and despotism of landlord-capitalistic system, obscurantism and religious fanaticism were unmasked in \u201cFakhraddin\u2019s tragedy\u201d, \u201cFrom the rain to shower\u201d plays by N.Vazirov, \u201cBroken nestle\u201d, \u201cMiserable young boy\u201d, \u201cAgha Muhammad Shah Qajar\u201d and \u201cSorceress Peri\u201d plays by A.Hagverdiyev, \u201cIgnorance\u201d and \u201cNadir Shah\u201d plays by N.Narimanov.[7]New theatrical troupes, so called \u201ccomradeships\u201d appeared under the influence of the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. A special troupe under \u201cTekamul\u201d newspaper was created in oil-producing regions along with drama circles.  Spectacles of the theatre were given in \u201cGranvio\u201d trade passage.In 1908, a united drama troupe, uniting professional actors such as H.Arablinski, S.Ruhulla and A.Veli, was created under \u201cNijat\u201d charity union. The troupe had a cloakroom and props. Besides that, the troupe displayed spectacles in Taghiyev Theatre and in other regions. Such spectacles as \u201cAgha Muhammad Shah Qajar\u201d by A.Hagverdiyev (1907), \u201cBlacksmith Gave\u201d by S.Sami (1908), \u201cRobbers\u201d (1907); \u201cDeadmen\u201d by J.Mammadguluzade (1916), \u201cOthello\u201d (1910), on which actor and director H.Arablinski had a great success and arts of who was penetrated by revolutionary and romantic inspiration, were significant events in the history of Azerbaijani theatre.At that time such plays as \u201cGaveyi ahengar\u201d (S.Sami), \u201cRefugees\u201d (Schiller), \u201cAl-Mansur\u201d (H.Heine), \u201cOthello\u201d (W.Shakespeare), \u201cWilly-nilly doctor\u201d (J.B.Moli\u00e8re), \u201cThe government inspector\u201d, \u201cMarriage\u201d (N.V.Gogol), \u201cThe first wine-maker\u201d (L.N.Tolstoy) and others.In 1919, Azerbaijan State Theatre was created.[1]Development of Azerbaijani theatre in the Soviet period[edit]All theatres in Azerbaijan were nationalized after establishment of the Soviet power and their repertoire was strictly controlled by authorities.[8] Government united destroyed troupes, listed their actors to government service. National theatre acquired its further development due to financial support of the government. In 1920, a United State Theatre including Azerbaijani, Russian and Armenian drama and opera theatres was created. In 1922, Azerbaijani drama troupe was transformed into Academic Drama Theatre. In 1920, a Russian satire-agitation theatre, transformed into Baku Labor Theatre in 1923, was created. Miniatures, revues, parodies to actual socio-political and everyday life themes were staged in the theatre. Along with these, stage versions of classic literature (\u201cThe Overcoat\u201d by N.V.Gogol, \u201cThe little house in Kolomna\u201d, \u201cThe Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda\u201d by A.S.Pushkin, \u201cThe Grand Inquisitor\u201d by F.M.Dostoyevski, \u201cThe Mask\u201d, \u201cPharmacist\u201d by Chekhov and others) were included into its repertoire.[9] In 1921, Azerbaijani satire-agitation theatre was created, on the basis of which Azerbaijani worker-peasant theatre of Baku transferred into Turkish Labor Theatre of Baku in 1927, was established in 1925.In 1928-1930, Maxim Gorky Azerbaijan State Theatre of Young Spectators and in 1938, Azerbaijan State Theatre of Musical Comedy was established.In 1922, M.F.Akhundov Azerbaijan State Theatre of Young Spectators of Tbilisi was created on the basis of Azerbaijani Theatre of Tbilisi and it existed until 1947.[10] In 1928, Azerbaijani Theatre was organized in Irevan – it was the first theatre of other nation in Armenia.[11]Azerbaijani Musical Theatre[edit]  Popularity of theatre among nation and development of national Azerbaijani instruments favored formation of a new form of theatrical art \u2013 musical theatre. One-acted scenic images to poems such as \u201cLeyli and Majnun\u201d by Fuz\u00fbl\u00ee and \u201cFarhad and Shirin\u201d by Navai were displayed in 1897-1898, in Shusha and in 1901-1902, in Baku. On January 12, 1908 the first national \u201cLeyli and Majnun\u201d opera by Uzeyir Hajibeyov was staged in Baku. History of professional musical theatre of Azerbaijan was originated since that time. Initially, repertoire of Azerbaijani Musical Theatre consisted of works by U.Hajibeyov, who created \u201cLeyli and Majnun\u201d, \u201cShaikh Sanan\u201d, \u201cRostam and Sohrab\u201d \u201cShah Abbas and Khurshid Banu\u201d operas, and also such musical comedies as \u201cHusband and wife\u201d, \u201cIf Not That One, Then This One\u201d and \u201cArshin mal alan\u201d musical comedies in 1908-1913. Soon, the repertoire of the musical theatre was enriched with new works by Z.Hajibeyov (\u201cAshiq Garib\u201d opera\u201d and \u201cFifty years old young\u201d and \u201cMarried bachelor\u201d musical comedies), \u201cShah Ismayil\u201d opera by M.Magomayev, \u201cMolla Jabi\u201d and \u201cVurhavur\u201d musical comedies by M.M.Kazimski, \u201cSeyfalmulk\u201d opera by M.Amirov and others.[7]References[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/theatre-in-azerbaijan-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Theatre in Azerbaijan – Wikipedia"}}]}]