[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/thorn-abbey-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/thorn-abbey-wikipedia\/","headline":"Thorn Abbey – Wikipedia","name":"Thorn Abbey – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Thorn Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Thorn was an imperial abbey of the Holy","datePublished":"2016-08-10","dateModified":"2016-08-10","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Abdijkerk_Thorn_-_Ramen_H-Ansifridus_H-Hilsonidis.jpg\/220px-Abdijkerk_Thorn_-_Ramen_H-Ansifridus_H-Hilsonidis.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Abdijkerk_Thorn_-_Ramen_H-Ansifridus_H-Hilsonidis.jpg\/220px-Abdijkerk_Thorn_-_Ramen_H-Ansifridus_H-Hilsonidis.jpg","height":"165","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/thorn-abbey-wikipedia\/","wordCount":1865,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThorn Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Thorn was an imperial abbey of the Holy Roman Empire in what is now the Netherlands.  The capital was Thorn.  It was founded in the 10th century and remained independent until 1794, when it was occupied by French troops.  The self-ruling abbey enjoyed imperial immediacy and belonged to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle.At the time Thorn Abbey was invaded by the French revolutionaries in 1794, its territory was composed of three non-contiguous parts totaling 52.1\u00a0km\u00b2. In addition, the abbess shared condominium rule over nearby areas totaling 35\u00a0km\u00b2. The abbey’s territory was divided into four “quarters”, each administered by two mayors. The population in 1796 was 2,975 inhabitants.In 1797, the abbey was officially dissolved by the French. The abbey property, the monastery, the palace of the abbess and the other buildings were confiscated and sold to the highest bidders and usually demolished for construction material, with only the abbey church surviving. In 1860, the heavily damaged church was restored. The Baroque interior survived the restoration but the spire was replaced with a massive neo-Gothic bell tower.[1]Table of ContentsFoundation[edit]Abbey structure[edit]History[edit]Abbesses[edit]References[edit]Further reading[edit]External links[edit]Foundation[edit]  Ansfried of Utrecht and his wife Hereswint are regarded by some sources as the founders of the Abbey of ThornDetails of the founding of the abbey are not clear.  According to some sources, the abbey was founded by Countess Hilswind in 902 for herself and her daughter Beatrix.  She donated the necessary land, which had been personal property, given to the Countess by King Zwentibold.  Other sources claim a Benedictine double monastery was founded by Bishop Ansfried of Utrecht and his wife Hereswint in 925.  A Romanesque abbey church was built in 992; some sources give this as the year the abbey was founded.Abbey structure[edit]  Model of the abbey district  View of the south side of St. Michael’s ChurchThe community of women came only from the high nobility.  It is likely that Thorn had belonged to the Benedictine order originally.  It probably changed, however, in the 12th century, to a free community of secular canonesses (Damenstift).  In 1310, the members of the abbey stressed their secular status and claimed never to have been Benedictine.In the 18th century, the collegiate ladies, or canonesses, were, in principle, required to reside in the abbey all year, except for at most six weeks per year. However, for 600 florins, ladies could buy themselves freedom; although in theory they were still required to provide six weeks of choral service, this was not always observed in practice. This possibility of buying freedom appears to have been used frequently. Some ladies belonged to several abbeys.  Maria Josepha of Hatzfeld and Gleichen, for example, was a member of the abbeys at Thorn and Essen for 46 years.  During this time, she resided in Essen Abbey for four years, but never in Thorn.The abbey district contained a curia building for the deaconess and five houses for the ladies; some built themselves houses outside the abbey precincts. In the 14th century, a new Gothic church was built.History[edit]The imperial immediacy of the abbey was confirmed in 1292 by King Adolf of Nassau.  Under Emperor Maximilian I, the abbey was under the special imperial protection.  In the imperial matriculation register at Worms, the abbey was recorded as reichsunmittelbar.  The matriculation duties, however, were transferred to the Counts of Lippe.The abbey was a member the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle and the Rhenish College of Imperial Prelates.In the 17th century the governorship of the Spanish Netherlands sought to restrict the imperial immediacy.  The abbesses resisted these attempts successfully. In the 18th century, the abbess held the title of Princess. Several abbesses were concurrently heads of Essen Abbey.The territory was occupied by French troops in 1794 and later annexed by France. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna awarded the territory to the Kingdom of the United Netherlands.Abbesses[edit]982\u2013?: Hilsondis (or Hilswinde?)1010\u2013?: Benedicta?\u2013?: Godchildis?\u2013?: AdelaideBefore 1217: Elizabeth1217\u2013?: Jutta1231\u20131269: Hildegond de Born1273\u20131304: Guda von Rennenberg1310\u20131337: Margaret of Bautersheim I.1337: Isonde of Wied1337\u20131378: Margaret II of Heinsberg1389\u20131397: Margaretha III of Horne Perwez1404\u20131446: Mechtilde of Horne1446-1454: Jacoba of Loon-Heinsberg[2][3]1454\u20131473: Else of Buren1473\u20131486: Gertrude de Sombreffe1486\u20131531: Eva of IsenburgDisputed claim during this period1531\u20131577: Margaretha IV of Brederode1577\u20131579: Josina I of Manderscheid1579\u20131604: Josina II of the Mark1604\u20131631: Anna of the Mark1631\u20131632: Josina Walburgis of L\u00f6wenstein-Rochefort1632\u20131646: Anna Eleonora of Staufen (simultaneously also Abbess of Essen)1646\u20131647: Anna Catherina of Salm-Reifferscheid1647\u20131690: Anna Salome of Manderscheid-Blankenheim (from 1690 to 1691 she was abbess of Essen)1690\u20131706: Eleanor of L\u00f6wenstein-Rochefort1706\u20131717: Anna Juliana of Manderscheid-Blankenstein1717\u20131776: Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach (she was also Abbess of Essen)1776\u20131795: Maria Kunigunde of Saxony (she was also Abbess of Essen)References[edit]Further reading[edit]Berkvens, Louis (2015): Staatkundige en institutionele geschiedenis van de Limburgse territoria, 1548-1797. In: P. Tummers et al. (eds.): Limburg. Een geschiedenis, deel 2, 1500-1800, pp. 19-115. LGOG, Maastricht ISBN\u00a09789081960229Bijsterveld, A.J. (2015): Machts- en territoriumvorming: van Karolingsche kernregio tot territiriale lappendeken, 900-1200. In: P. Tummers et al. (eds.): Limburg. Een geschiedenis, deel 1, tot 1500, pp. 207-240. LGOG, Maastricht ISBN\u00a09789081960229Crusius, Irene (ed.): Studien zum Kanonissenstift, G\u00f6ttingen, 2014Flament, A.J. (1899): Opgezworen kwartierstaten van 36 kanonikessen der vorstelijke rijksabdij Thorn, met den inhoud der opzweringen en de beschrijving der zegels van de opzweerders. ‘s Gravenhage, Algemene LandsdrukkerijForschelen, J. (ed.): De Abdijkerk, tourist brochure in the series Grote monumenten in Thorn. Publ. Stichting Limburg Natuurlijk (n.d.)K\u00f6bler, Gehrard (1988): Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen L\u00e4nder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart: Thorn (Abtei, Frauenstift), pp. 166-167 and 852. C.H. Beck, M\u00fcnchenKoch, E.M.F. (1994): De kloosterpoort als sluitpost? Adellijke vrouwen langs Maas en Rij’n tussen huwelijk en convent, 1200-1600. Eisma, Leeuwarden\/MechelenTaddey, Gerhard (1983): Reichsstift Thorn in: Ders (ed.): Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte. Ereignisse \u2013 Institutionen \u2013 Personen. Von den Anf\u00e4ngen bis zur Kapitulation 1945. Kr\u00f6ner-Verlag, Stuttgart ISBN\u00a03520800020External links[edit]Coordinates: 50\u00b010\u2032N 5\u00b050\u2032E\ufeff \/ \ufeff50.167\u00b0N 5.833\u00b0E\ufeff \/ 50.167; 5.833  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/thorn-abbey-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Thorn Abbey – Wikipedia"}}]}]