[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/three-wise-monkeys-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/three-wise-monkeys-wikipedia\/","headline":"Three wise monkeys – Wikipedia","name":"Three wise monkeys – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Pictorial maxim, embodying “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil” “Sanzaru” redirects here. For the game company,","datePublished":"2019-07-27","dateModified":"2019-07-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/The_Three_Wise_Monkeys%2C_Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB%3B_April_2018.jpg\/300px-The_Three_Wise_Monkeys%2C_Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB%3B_April_2018.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/The_Three_Wise_Monkeys%2C_Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB%3B_April_2018.jpg\/300px-The_Three_Wise_Monkeys%2C_Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB%3B_April_2018.jpg","height":"116","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/three-wise-monkeys-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":5573,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Pictorial maxim, embodying “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil”“Sanzaru” redirects here. For the game company, see Sanzaru Games.           (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The three wise monkeys are a Japanese pictorial maxim, embodying the proverbial principle “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil“.[1] The three monkeys areMizaru, who sees no evil, covering his eyesKikazaru, who hears no evil, covering his ears, andIwazaru, who speaks no evil, covering his mouth.[2]Lafcadio Hearn refers to them as the three mystic apes.[3]There are various meanings ascribed to the monkeys and the proverb including associations with being of good mind, speech and action. The phrase is often used to refer to those who deal with impropriety by turning a blind eye.[4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Outside Japan the monkeys’ names are sometimes given as Mizaru, Mikazaru[5] and Mazaru,[6] as the last two names were corrupted from the Japanese originals.[7][8] The monkeys are Japanese macaques, a common species in Japan.  K\u014dshin scroll with the three monkeys  The source that popularized this pictorial maxim is a 17th-century carving over a door of the T\u014dsh\u014d-g\u016b shrine in Nikk\u014d, Japan. The carvings at T\u014dsh\u014d-g\u016b Shrine were carved by Hidari Jingoro, and believed to have incorporated Confucius\u2019s Code of Conduct, using the monkey as a way to depict man\u2019s life cycle. There are a total of eight panels, and the iconic three wise monkeys picture comes from panel 2. The philosophy, however, probably originally came to Japan with a Tendai-Buddhist legend, from China in the 8th century (Nara Period). It has been suggested that the figures represent the three dogmas of the so-called middle school of the sect.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In Chinese, two similar phrases exist: one is in the late Analects of Confucius (from 4th to 2nd century BCE), that reads: “Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety” (\u975e\u79ae\u52ff\u8996\uff0c\u975e\u79ae\u52ff\u807d\uff0c\u975e\u79ae\u52ff\u8a00\uff0c\u975e\u79ae\u52ff\u52d5);[9] the other is in the book Xunzi (from the 3rd century BCE), which reads: “[The gentleman] makes his eyes not want to see what is not right, makes his ears not want to hear what is not right, makes his mouth not want to speak what is not right, and makes his heart not want to deliberate over what is not right” (\u4f7f\u76ee\u975e\u662f\u7121\u6b32\u898b\u4e5f\uff0c\u4f7f\u8033\u975e\u662f\u7121\u6b32\u805e\u4e5f\uff0c\u4f7f\u53e3\u975e\u662f\u7121\u6b32\u8a00\u4e5f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5fc3\u975e\u662f\u7121\u6b32\u616e\u4e5f).[10][11] Those may be the inspiration for the pictorial maxim after Chinese works were brought into Japan.It is through the K\u014dshin rite of folk religion that the most significant examples are presented. The K\u014dshin belief or practice is a Japanese folk religion with Chinese Taoism origins and ancient Shinto influence. It was founded by Tendai Buddhist monks in the late 10th century. A considerable number of stone monuments can be found all over the eastern part of Japan around Tokyo. During the later part of the Muromachi period, it was customary to display stone pillars depicting the three monkeys during the observance of K\u014dshin.Though the teaching had nothing to do with monkeys, the concept of the three monkeys originated from a simple play on words. The saying in Japanese is mizaru, kikazaru, iwazaru (\u898b\u3056\u308b, \u805e\u304b\u3056\u308b, \u8a00\u308f\u3056\u308b) “see not, hear not, speak not”, where the -zaru is a negative conjugation on the three verbs, matching zaru, the modified form of saru (\u733f) “monkey” used in compounds. Thus the saying (which does not include any specific reference to “evil”) can also be interpreted as referring to three monkeys.The shrine at Nikko is a Shinto shrine, and the monkey is an extremely important being in the Shinto religion. The monkey is believed to be the messenger of the Hie Shinto shrines, which also have connections with Tendai Buddhism. There are even important festivals that are celebrated during the year of the Monkey (occurring every twelve years) and a special festival is celebrated every sixteenth year of the K\u014dshin.“The Three Mystic Apes” (Sambiki Saru) were described as “the attendants of Saruta Hito no Mikoto or K\u014dshin, the God of the Roads”.[12] The K\u014dshin festival was held on the 60th day of the calendar. It has been suggested that during the K\u014dshin festival, according to old beliefs, one’s bad deeds might be reported to heaven “unless avoidance actions were taken\u2026”. It has been theorized that the three Mystic Apes, Not Seeing, Hearing, or Speaking, may have been the “things that one has done wrong in the last 59 days”.According to other accounts, the monkeys caused the Sanshi and Ten-Tei not to see, say or hear the bad deeds of a person. The Sanshi (\u4e09\u5c38) are the Three Corpses living in everyone’s body. The Sanshi keep track of the good deeds and particularly the bad deeds of the person they inhabit. Every 60 days, on the night called K\u014dshin-Machi (\u5e9a\u7533\u5f85), if the person sleeps, the Sanshi will leave the body and go to Ten-Tei (\u5929\u5e1d), the Heavenly God, to report about the deeds of that person. Ten-Tei will then decide to punish bad people, making them ill, shortening their time alive, and in extreme cases putting an end to their lives. Those believers of K\u014dshin who have reason to fear will try to stay awake during K\u014dshin nights. This is the only way to prevent the Sanshi from leaving their body and reporting to Ten-Tei.Table of ContentsMeaning of the proverb[edit]Variations[edit]Rajneesh movement[edit]Cultural influences[edit]Unicode characters[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Meaning of the proverb[edit]  Just as there is disagreement about the origin of the phrase, there are differing explanations of the meaning of “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil”.In Buddhist tradition, the tenets of the proverb are about not dwelling on evil thoughts.The proverb and the image are often used to refer to a lack of moral responsibility on the part of people who refuse to acknowledge impropriety, looking the other way or feigning ignorance.[13]Variations[edit]Sometimes there is a fourth monkey depicted, Sezaru, who symbolizes the principle of “do no evil”, which fits with the full quote from Analects of Confucius. The monkey may be shown crossing its arms or covering its genitals. Yet another variation has the fourth monkey hold its nose to avoid a stench and has been dubbed “smell no evil” accordingly.[4]  Sculpture of four monkeys, the fourth monkey is covering its genitalsThe opposite version of the three wise monkeys can also be found. In this case, one monkey holds its hands to its eyes to focus vision, the second monkey cups its hands around its ears to improve hearing, and the third monkey holds its hands to its mouth like a bullhorn. Another modern interpretation is “Hear, see, and speak out loud for what you stand for”.  Three wise monkeys variation\u00a0: “Hear, see, speak only good”Rajneesh movement[edit]According to Osho Rajneesh, the monkey symbolism originated in ancient Hindu tradition and Buddhist monks spread this symbolism across Asia. The original Hindu and Buddhist version has four monkeys and the fourth monkey covers its genitals. The Buddhist version means this as “Don’t do anything evil”.In Hindu original version the meaning of the fourth monkey is very different from the popular Buddhist version. It means, “Hide your pleasures. Hide your enjoyment, don’t show it to anybody.”[14]Osho Rajneesh gave his own meaning regarding this. The first monkey denotes ‘Don’t listen to the truth because it will disturb all your consoling lies’. The second monkey denotes ‘Don’t look at the truth; otherwise your God will be dead and your heaven and hell will disappear’. The third monkey denotes ‘Don’t speak the truth, otherwise you will be condemned, crucified, poisoned, tortured by the whole crowd, the unconscious people. The fourth monkey denotes “Keep your pleasures, your joys, hidden. Don’t let anybody know that you are a cheerful man, a blissful man, an ecstatic man, because that will destroy your very life. It is dangerous”.[15]Cultural influences[edit]The three wise monkeys, and the associated proverb, are known throughout Asia and outside Asia. They have been a motif in pictures, such as the ukiyo-e (Japanese woodblock printings) by Keisai Eisen, and are frequently represented in modern culture.Mahatma Gandhi’s main exception to his lifestyle of non-possession was a small statue of the three monkeys – Bapu, Ketan and Bandar. Today, a larger representation of the three monkeys is prominently displayed at the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where Gandhi lived from 1915 to 1930 and from where he departed on his famous salt march. Gandhi’s statue also inspired a 2008 artwork by Subodh Gupta, Gandhi’s Three Monkeys.[16]The three monkeys are depicted in the trial scene in the 1968 film Planet of the Apes. In an example of semiotics, the judges mimic the “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil” monkeys.[17]In a spoof of this saying, Bob Dole quipped about a meeting of former US Presidents: “Carter, Ford and Nixon: see no evil, hear no evil and evil.”[18]The maxim inspired an award-winning 2008 Turkish film by director Nuri Bilge Ceylan called Three Monkeys (\u00dc\u00e7 Maymun).  Three Wise Monkeys In Disneyland’s Bengal BarbecueA depiction of the Three Wise Monkeys can be seen carved into a faux tree behind the service counter at Bengal Barbecue in Disneyland’s Adventureland across from Indiana Jones Adventure.[19]In the Walt Disney Animation Studios film Encanto (2021), the gifts that the protagonist’s three cousins are given have this theme. See, Hear, and Speak are used with Dolores who has the gift of super-hearing, Camilo who has the gift of shapeshifting, making it so he can change how people see him, and Antonio who has the gift of speaking to animals.[20]Unicode characters[edit]Unicode provides emoji representations of the monkeys in the Emoticons block as follows:[21]See also[edit]Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path: Right speech and right actionHumata, Hukhta, Hvarshta, “good thoughts, good words, good deeds” in ZoroastrianismLashon hara, prohibition of gossip in JudaismManasa, vacha, karmana, three Sanskrit words referring to mind, speech and actionsPlausible deniability, being able to convincingly claim ignorance of something incriminatingTrikaya, a formulation in Buddhism referring to body, speech and mindWillful blindness, knowingly refraining from pursuing available information or knowingly sheltering oneself from information^ Wolfgang Mieder. 1981. “The Proverbial Three Wise Monkeys,” Midwestern Journal of Language and Folklore, 7: 5-38.^ Oldest reference to the correct monkey names in English. Source:^ Lafcadio Hearn (1894). Glimpses of unfamiliar Japan, volume 2, p. 127.^ a b Pornpimol Kanchanalak (21 April 2011). “Searching for the fourth monkey in a corrupted world”. The Nation. Thailand. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2017.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)^ “Mikazaru – Google Search”. www.google.com.^ Oldest reference of the incorrect Mazaru in Google Books. Source:^ Worth, Fred L. (1974). The Trivia Encyclopedia. Brooke House. p.\u00a0262. ISBN\u00a0978-0-912588-12-4.^ Shipley, Joseph Twadell (2001). The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Johns Hopkins University Press. p.\u00a0249. ISBN\u00a0978-0-8018-6784-2.^ Original text: \u8ad6\u8a9e (in Chinese), Analects (in English)^ Original text in Sibu Congkan, “Vol. 312”. pages 32–33 of 156^ Xun Kuang (2014). Xunzi – The Complete Text. Translated by Eric L. Hutton. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p.\u00a08.^ Joly, Henri L. (1908). “Legend in Japanese Art”. London, New York: J. Lane. p.\u00a010. Retrieved 13 December 2011.^ Tom Oleson (29 October 2011). “How about monkey see, monkey DON’T do next time?”. Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved 25 July 2012.^ Osho, Chandra Mohan Jain. “I Celebrate Myself: God Is No Where: Life Is Now Here” (PDF).^ Osho on zen. “I celebrate myself: God is no where, Life is now here”. Chapter 1: The grand Rebellion. Question 1.^ “QMA unveils Gandhi’s ‘Three Monkeys’ at Katara”. Qatar Tribune. 28 May 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.^ “Planet of the Apes (1968)”. Retrieved 4 April 2018 \u2013 via www.imdb.com.^ “Liberties;Let Dole Be Dole”. New York Times. 7 March 1996. Retrieved 9 March 2019.^ Shaffer, Joshua C (July 17, 2017). Discovering the Magic Kingdom: An Unofficial Disneyland Vacation Guide – Second Edition. Synergy Book Publishing. p.\u00a0454. ISBN\u00a0978-0-9991664-0-6.^ Shaffer, Joshua (13 February 2022). “Character Themes in Disney’s Encanto”. Discovering The Magic Kingdom. Retrieved 13 February 2022.^ Unicode 6.0.0 characters in Emoticons block: SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY \u2039\ud83d\ude48\u203a, HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY \u2039\ud83d\ude49\u203a and SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY \u2039\ud83d\ude4a\u203a.References[edit]Titelman, Gregory Y. (2000). Random House Dictionary of America’s Popular Proverbs and Sayings (second\u00a0ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN\u00a0978-0-375-70584-7.Archer Taylor, \u201cAudi, Vidi, Tace\u201d and the three monkeysA. W. Smith, Folklore, Vol. 104, No. \u00bd pp.\u00a0144\u2013150 “On the Ambiguity of the Three Wise Monkeys”External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/three-wise-monkeys-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Three wise monkeys – Wikipedia"}}]}]