[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/tsar-to-lenin-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/tsar-to-lenin-wikipedia\/","headline":"Tsar to Lenin – Wikipedia","name":"Tsar to Lenin – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 1937 American film Tsar to Lenin Directed by Herman Axelbank Written by Max","datePublished":"2020-07-23","dateModified":"2020-07-23","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/90\/TsarToLenin.jpg\/220px-TsarToLenin.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/90\/TsarToLenin.jpg\/220px-TsarToLenin.jpg","height":"310","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/tsar-to-lenin-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2543,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x41937 American filmTsar to LeninDirected byHerman AxelbankWritten byMax EastmanProduced byHerman AxelbankStarringMax EastmanEdited byMax EastmanDistributed byLenauer International FilmsRelease date       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4March\u00a06,\u00a01937\u00a0(1937-03-06)Running time63 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishTsar to Lenin is a documentary and cinematic record of theRussian Revolution, produced by Herman Axelbank.[1] Itpremiered on March 6, 1937, at the Filmarte Theatre on Fifty-EighthStreet in New York City. Pioneer American radical Max Eastman(1883-1969) narrates the film.[2] Because of its pro-Trotskyist position, the film was suppressed by the Stalinists of the American Communist Party[3] and was only widely available in a shortened format in the Library of Congress[4] until its re-release in 2012 by the Socialist Equality Party (US),[5] who state that its predecessor, the Workers League, purchased the film from Axelbank in 1978 and organized showings of the film in the intervening period.[6]Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Production[edit]Controversy[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Production[edit]The footage was collected by Herman Axelbank, starting in 1920. Thescenes of the film were gathered from more than 100 different camerasover the course of the next thirteen years.[2] Those behind the camerainclude the Tsar’s royal photographer, the Tsar himself, Sovietphotographers, military staff photographers of Germany, Great Britain,Japan and the United States, and others.[7]The narration is provided by the American radical Max Eastman, whowas originally slated to write captions to explain the scenes and helpraise money to finance the project.[8] Eastman was chosen by Axelbank because of Eastman’sclose political relations with many leaders of the Bolshevik party,chiefly with Leon Trotsky.[7] He also was among the first to provide anaccount of the political struggle between Trotsky and Joseph Stalinto the international arena.[9]Eastman also provided Axelbank with additional footage, which includedthe Tsar swimming with his courtiers, nude. Eastman’s narration for thissequence is, “This is the first time the world has seen a king as hereally is!\u201d[10]The film premiered at the Filmarte Theater in New York City on March6, 1937.Controversy[edit]The New York Post gave a favorable review of the film, where theysaid it was done “extremely well”.[11]Supporters of Stalin in the US denounced the film. The documentary,which appeared at the height of the Moscow Trials, showed the chiefdefendant, Trotsky, in an extremely favorable light.[7]Eastman said at the time,“Trotsky had led the October insurrection and organized the Red army\u2014the films said so\u2014but Stalin was now in total power. Tsar to Lenin never got the distance of a few dollars beyond the Filmarte Theatre.”Five days after the outpouring of praise, a big-headlined article appeared in the Daily Worker, the daily newspaper of the Communist Party, came out decrying Eastman. It said,“Max Eastman, chief apologist for the Trotsky band of traitors to the Soviet Socialist land, has assembled news-reels and documentary clips. This man is an expert in distortion, chicanery, trickery, innuendo, and outright lies \u2026 Tzar to Lenin must be boycotted \u2026 Protest to the management of the Filmarte Theatre \u2026 Make it clear to other theatres that Tzar to Lenin is unadulterated Trotskyist propaganda, and as such cannot be tolerated by the friends of freedom. \u2026Boycott Tzar to Lenin!\u201d[3]The Filmarte Theater, and others, were then told that they would not beallowed to show other films such as Sergei Eisenstein’s October: Ten Days That Shook the World, effectively ending the firstrun of Tsar to Lenin.[10]References[edit]^ “IMDb Tsar To Lenin”. IMDb.^ a b Patenaude, Bertrand (April 2012). “Shooting the Bolsheviks”. Hoover Digest. 2. Archived from the original on 2012-04-16.^ a b Eastman, Max (1964). Love and Revolution: My Journey through an Epoch. New York: Random House.^ “Russian Films in the Library of Congress”. Library of Congress.^ North, David (5 July 2012). “Mehring Books Announces Release of Tsar to Lenin in DVD Format”. World Socialist Web Site.^ North, David (July 2012). “Introduction by David North”. Mehring Books. Retrieved August 23, 2017.^ a b c “Axelbank, Herman, 1900-1979”. Social Networks and Archival Context Project.^ Eastman, Max.Love and Revolution: My Journey through an Epoch. New York: RandomHouse, 1964.^ “People & Events: Max Forrester Eastman (1883-1969)”. PBS.^ a b O’Neill, William L. (1990). The Last Romantic: A Life of Max Eastman. Oxford University Press. p.\u00a0173. ISBN\u00a00-88738-859-0.^ Nugent, Frank S.“Tsar to Lenin, a Documentary Fllm. Edited and Compiled by Max Eastman,Collected and Produced by Herman Axelbank.” Rev. of Tsar to Lenin. NewYork Post 9 Mar. 1937External links[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/tsar-to-lenin-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Tsar to Lenin – Wikipedia"}}]}]