[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/women-in-turkish-politics-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/women-in-turkish-politics-wikipedia\/","headline":"Women in Turkish politics – Wikipedia","name":"Women in Turkish politics – Wikipedia","description":"Overview of the position of women in Turkish politics Woman Taking Floor at the Old Grand National Assembly in 1936","datePublished":"2021-06-04","dateModified":"2021-06-04","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Melek_Celal_Sofu.jpg\/220px-Melek_Celal_Sofu.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Melek_Celal_Sofu.jpg\/220px-Melek_Celal_Sofu.jpg","height":"159","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/women-in-turkish-politics-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":6780,"articleBody":"Overview of the position of women in Turkish politics  Woman Taking Floor at the Old Grand National Assembly in 1936 painted by a female artist Melek Celal Sofu (1896 – 1976)  Women have had the right to vote in Turkey since 1934.Women in Turkey have an active participation in national politics, and the number of women in the Turkish parliament has been increasing steadily in recent elections.Table of ContentsBackground[edit]President[edit]Speaker of Parliament[edit]Vice president[edit]Prime Minister (1920\u20132018)[edit]Government ministers[edit]Deputy Speakers of the Parliament[edit]Party leaders[edit]Women’s parties[edit]Parliamentary Group Vice Chairwoman[edit]Members of Parliament[edit]1935\u20131999 elections[edit]2002\u2013present elections[edit]Members of the Senate (1961\u20131980)[edit]Governor[edit]Local governments[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Background[edit]  Hat\u0131 \u00c7\u0131rpan, one of the first women in the Parliament of Turkey, 1935.The Republic of Turkey was founded on the ashes of the Ottoman Empire on 29 October 1923. Although the political influence of some Valide Sultans (queen mothers) over the Ottoman Sultans was considerable, especially during the era known as the Sultanate of Women, women had no chance to serve in any official political post in the Ottoman era.One notable female political activist in the first days of the Republican era was Nezihe Muhiddin, who founded  the first women’s party in Turkey in June 1923; however, it was never legalized because the Republic was not officially declared yet. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, the founder of the Republic initiated a series of reforms to modernize the country, including civil and political equality for women for the first time. On 17 February 1926, Turkey adopted a new civil code by which the rights of Turkish women and men were declared equal except in suffrage.[1] Turkish women achieved voting rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930.[2] Four years later, through legislation enacted on 5 December 1934, they gained full universal suffrage, earlier than many other countries.[2]President[edit]There have been no female president to date.Speaker of Parliament[edit]Up to the present, there have been no female Speakers of Grand National Assembly in Turkey.Vice president[edit]The post of vice President was established in 2018 and there have been no female Vice Presidents in Turkey.Prime Minister (1920\u20132018)[edit]Tansu \u00c7iller, a Turkish career professor of economics since 1983, entered politics in November 1990, joining the conservative True Path Party (DYP). On June 13, 1993, she was elected the party’s leader, and on 25 June the same year, \u00c7iller was appointed the Prime Minister of a coalition government, becoming Turkey’s first and only female prime minister to date. She served at this post until 6 March 1996 in the 50th, 51st and the 52nd government of Turkey.\u2116PortraitPrime MinisterTook officeLeft officeTime in officeGovernmentPresident22Tansu \u00c7iller(1946\u2013 )25 June 19935 October 19952 year, 256 dayI. \u00c7iller (50th government)S\u00fcleyman Demirel5 October 199530 October 1995II. \u00c7iller (51st government)30 October 19956 March 1996III. \u00c7iller (52nd government)Prime Minister office was abolished in Turkey in 2018.Government ministers[edit]          The first female Turkish government minister was T\u00fcrk\u00e2n Akyol, in 1971. She was the Minister of Health in Nihat Erim’s technocratic government.(33rd government of Turkey) [3][4] In 1983, she was one of the founders of SODEP, short for Social Democracy Party, a new party which went on to become one of the major political parties of Turkey in 1980s.Female government ministers up to the present are as follows:Distribution of female ministers by party in long termDeputy Speakers of the Parliament[edit]  Although no woman council president has served in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey until today, several politicians have served as the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament at different times.  In 1972, the first female deputy president of the Republic of Turkey CGP parliamentary deputy has been Nermin Neft\u00e7i. Some of the other female deputy speakers were Meral Ak\u015fener (MHP), G\u00fcldal Mumcu (CHP) and finally Ay\u015fe Nur Bah\u00e7ekap\u0131l\u0131 (AK Party) for a long time.[9][10][11]Party leaders[edit]  The first female Turkish party leader was Behice Boran (1910\u20131987). A member of the Workers Party of Turkey (T\u0130P), she was elected as the chairman of the party in 1970 and continued in this post until all the political parties were closed following the September 11, 1980 military coup.[12] Other female party leaders were:M\u00fcbeccel G\u00f6ktuna  (1915\u20131999) National Women’s Party of Turkey (TUKP) (1972\u20131981)Rah\u015fan Ecevit (1923\u20132020), Democratic Left Party (DSP) (1985\u20131987), Democratic Left People’s Party (DSHP) (2010)Tansu \u00c7iller (born 1946) True Path Party (DYP) (1993\u20132002), (Prime Minister from 1993 to 1996)Nesrin Nas (born 1958), Motherland Party (ANAP) (2003\u20132004)Filiz Ko\u00e7ali (born 1958), Socialist Democracy Party (2004\u20132009)G\u00fcltan K\u0131\u015fanak (born 1961), Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), (2011\u20132014)Sebahat Tuncel (born 1975) Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) (2013\u20132014)Figen Y\u00fcksekda\u011f (born 1971), Peoples’ Democratic Party (Turkey) (2014\u20132017) co-chairEmine \u00dclker Tarhan (born 1963), Anatolia Party (2014\u20132015) As of 2014, she is the founder and leader of the party.Fatma Benal Yazgan (born 1947), Women’s Party (Turkey) (2014-present)Meral Ak\u015fener (born 1956), Good Party (2017\u2013present) co-founder and leaderSerpil Kemalbay, Peoples’ Democratic Party (2017\u20132018) co-chairPervin Buldan (born 1967), Peoples’ Democratic Party (2018\u2013present) co-chairWomen’s parties[edit]Two parties were founded by women: National Women’s Party of Turkey in 1972 (up to 1980)  and Women’s Party (Turkey) in 2014Parliamentary Group Vice Chairwoman[edit]According to the Turkish constitution, each party with over twenty seats forms a parliamentary group and each group is represented by 1\u20133 group vice chairpersons (Turkish: grup ba\u015fkanvekili) who are authorized to represent, in general terms, the relevant party in the parliament both in relation to the parliament administration and in relations with other party groups, as well as presiding the parliamentary group in the absence of the party president. The first female group vice chairperson in Turkish parliament was Oya Arasl\u0131 of the Republican People’s Party between 1996 and 1999.[13] Later, there were two parliamentary group chairwomen in parliament: Emine \u00dclker Tarhan of the Republican People’s Party and Pervin Buldan of the Peace and Democracy Party.[14]Members of Parliament[edit]  The first female MPs Republic of Turkey (1935).Top row (left to right): Mebrure G\u00f6nen\u00e7 (Afyon), Hat\u0131 \u00c7\u0131rpan (Ankara), T\u00fcrkan \u00d6rs Ba\u015ftu\u011f (Antalya), Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7\u00fcl Erbay (Bal\u0131kesir), \u015eekibe \u0130nsel (Bursa), Hatice \u00d6zgener (\u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131)Middle row (left to right): Huriye Baha \u00d6niz (Diyarbak\u0131r), Fatma \u015eakir Memik (Edirne), Nakiye Elg\u00fcn (Erzurum), Fakihe \u00d6ymen (Ankara), Benal Nevzat \u0130star Ar\u0131man (\u0130zmir), Ferruh G\u00fcpg\u00fcp (Kayseri)Bottom row (left to right): Bahire Bedi\u015f Morova Aydilek (Konya), Mihri Pekta\u015f (Malatya), Meliha Ula\u015f (Samsun), Fatma Esma Nayman (Seyhan), Hatice Sabiha G\u00f6rkey (Sivas), Seniha Naf\u0131z H\u0131zal (Trabzon)  The first female MPs of the Turkish Parliament, elected with the 8 February 1935 general elections.1935\u20131999 elections[edit]Following the promising 1935 start, however, the number of women in the parliament began to decrease.[15] Especially in the 1950 and 1961 elections, only 3 women were able to enter the parliament, and since history has been given women the right to vote and be elected, it has been the least women entered into parliament.Election yearRatio of Women MPNumber of Women MPTotal Number of Deputies1935%4,6183951939%3,7154291943%3,7164351946%1,994651950%0,634871954%0,745411957%1,386101961%0,734501965%1,884501969%1,154501973%1,364501977%0,944501983%3,0123991987%1,364501991%1,884501995%2,4135501999%4,2225502002\u2013present elections[edit]Since 1995, the number of women in the parliament has been continually on the rise. The 1935 percentage of women, the first year that women were able to be elected to parliament, was surpassed no earlier than in 1999.[16] However, the female representation rate did not fall below 10 percent after the 2011 elections.[17]Election yearRatio of Women MPNumber of Women MPTotal Number of Deputies2002%4,4245502007%9,1505502011%14,3795502015June%17,6975502015November%14,7815502018%17,1103600Members of the Senate (1961\u20131980)[edit]The Grand National Assembly of Turkey had a Senate (upper house) between 1961 and 1980. The following women were elected as the senators:Governor[edit]  Turkey’s first female governor was Lale Aytaman.  Aytaman, who served as the governor of Mu\u011fla between 1991-1995, was appointed to this position by President Turgut \u00d6zal.  Meanwhile, Turkey’s first female district governor is \u00d6zlem Bozkurt Gevrek. She served in the Orta district of \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 in 1995. After these years, the number of female governors and district governors increased rapidly.[23]Local governments[edit]The first female muhtar (village head) in Turkey was G\u00fclk\u0131z \u00dcrb\u00fcl, who became the muhtar of Demircidere village (now Karpuzlu) in the \u00c7ine district of Ayd\u0131n Province in 1933. In the elections, she ran against seven male candidates.[24] The first female city mayor was M\u00fcfide \u0130lhan, who was elected as the mayor of Mersin in 1950.See also[edit]References[edit]^ Sina Ak\u015fin:K\u0131sa T\u00fcrkiye Tarihi, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr yay\u0131nlar\u0131,\u0130stanbul,2011,ISBN\u00a0978-9944-88-172-2 p.188.^ a b T\u00fcrkiye’nin 75 y\u0131l\u0131 , Tempo Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1998, p.48,59,250^ a b T\u00fcrkiye’nin 75 y\u0131l\u0131, H\u00fcrg\u00fc\u00e7 Gazetecilik,, \u0130stanbul,1998^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n “Erkek egemen T\u00fcrkiye”. H\u00fcrriyet (in Turkish). 2010-12-11. Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ Babacan, Nuray (2012-02-06). “Eski \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131’n\u0131 bile ‘ye\u015fil kart testi’ne \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar”. H\u00fcrriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “I. \u00c7iller H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Bakanlar Kurulu 25.06.1993\u201305.10.1995” (in Turkish). TBMM. Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “\u00c7elikel: F tipine insani \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm”. H\u00fcrriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi 23. D\u00f6nem Milletvekili-Fatma \u015eahin” (in Turkish). TBMM. Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “\u0130lk kad\u0131n TBMM ba\u015fkanvekili vefat etti”. www.hurriyet.com.tr. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ Parliament page\/Meral Ak\u015fener (in Turkish)^ Parliament page\/\u015e\u00fckran G\u00fcldal Mumcu (in Turkish)^ “T24 online newspaper”. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ “CHP’ye 12 y\u0131l sonra kad\u0131n grup ba\u015fkanvekili”. Radikal. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ “Meclisteki kad\u0131n y\u00f6netcilerden \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131”. Milliyet. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ “Meclis’te kad\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 yine yok”. www.hurriyet.com.tr. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ An Afyon University paper by D. Ali Aslan (in Turkish)^ “Kad\u0131n milletvekillerinin temsil oran\u0131 artt\u0131”. www.aa.com.tr.^ “Tutanak C. Senatosu B: 36 18.1.1966 O:1” (PDF) (in Turkish). TBMM. Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “T\u0130P’li Fatma \u0130\u015fmen’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc”. Milliyet (in Turkish). 2006-05-18. Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “C. Senatosu B: 53 29.4.1975 O: 1” (PDF) (in Turkish). TBMM. Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “biyografi.net: Nermin Abadan Unat biyografisi burada \u00fcnl\u00fclerin biyografileri burada”. www.biyografi.net. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ “82nci Birle\u015fim” (PDF). Cumhuriyet Senatosu Tutanak Dergisi (in Turkish). TBMM. 13. 23 Oct 1979. Retrieved 2013-02-02.^ “Mesleklerine G\u00f6re \u0130lk T\u00fcrk Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 | KPSS G\u00fcncel Bilgiler”. www.kpssguncelbilgi.com.^ “T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk kad\u0131n muhtar\u0131\/Tarih\/milliyet blog”. blog.milliyet.com.tr. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/women-in-turkish-politics-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Women in Turkish politics – Wikipedia"}}]}]