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Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFrench politician and engineerSt\u00e9phane Christophe MonyIn office11 July 1868\u00a0\u2013 4 September 1870Born(1800-02-14)14 February 1800Paris, FranceDied10 March 1884(1884-03-10) (aged\u00a084)Blomard, Allier, FranceOccupationEngineer, businessman, politicianSt\u00e9phane Christophe Mony (or St\u00e9phane Flachat, or Mony-Flachat, 14 February 1800 \u2013 10 March 1884) was a French railway engineer, company president and politician.He was involved in the Saint-Simonian movement when a young man.He was trained as an engineer, and he and his half brother Eug\u00e8ne Flachat built the Paris-Saint Germain and Paris-Versailles railway lines between 1833 and 1840.He was then appointed head of the Commentry mining company, later Commentry-Fourchambault, a position he held until his death.He was elected to the legislature towards the end of the Second French Empire, from 1868 to 1870.He did not succeed in getting reelected in the French Third Republic.St\u00e9phane Christophe Mony was born in Paris on 14 February 1800.He was the son of Marguerite Charlotte Marthe Mony, who had divorced the Paris notary Pierre Jalabert in November 1799.There was no mention of infidelity in the divorce proceedings, and his mother did not inform Jalabert of her pregnancy.In 1801 his mother remarried Christophe Flachat (1759\u20131843).His stepfather was a former prosecutor who had become a businessman.He was the son of Jean-Claude Flachat (1718\u20131775), who had introduced the cotton industry to Lyon.His mother had St\u00e9phane baptized with the name “Flachat”.This led to legal disputes over paternal authority in 1835, and resulted in his change of name to Mony.His half brothers were Adolphe Flachat (1801\u201377) and Eug\u00e8ne Flachat (1802\u20131873).Flachat began preparatory courses for a career as a mining engineer on 25 July 1820, and was admitted to the \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris on 16 March 1821.He left the school in June 1821 and was removed from the list of pupils on 24 January 1822.Flachat married Jeanne-Marie Pelletier (1806\u20131885).Their son St\u00e9phane Adolphe Mony (1831\u20131909) also attended the Ecole des Mines but left without graduating.Engineer (1821\u201340)[edit]  After leaving school Flachat became involved in the Saint-Simonian movement and for some time was the host of the Saint-Simonian house at M\u00e9nilmontant.He contributed to the liberal journal Le Constitutionnel.For a period he prospected for mines.From 1823 to 1830 he was engaged in studying the maritime canal from Le Havre to Paris.He published an Atlas of the Caledonian Canal in 1828.This work described how the technical problems of water management in a sea-to-sea canal had been solved, a subject of interest to canal builders in France.His report on the Maritime canal from Le Havre to Paris was published in 1829.In 1832 Mony, as a member of the Coll\u00e8ge de la Religion Saint-Simonienne, wrote a 4-page pamphlet on avoiding Cholera in Paris by supplying running water and a sewage system.In 1834 Flachat published a 160-page book on Industry at the French Industrial Exposition of 1834.As a Saint-Simonean he religiously glorified industry.His popular book summarizing Charles Dupin’s official report on the exposition argued that what before has been a display of an arsenal was now a contribution to universal peace and industrial development.In his 1835 Trait\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de m\u00e9canique industrielle Flachat rejected the distinction that Charles Babbage had made between machines that transmit force and those that product it.He argued that machines never make force, but only transform it.  St Germain en Laye stationSt\u00e9phane Flachat, his brother Eug\u00e8ne and his childhood friend Beno\u00eet Paul \u00c9mile Clapeyron participated in construction of the railway line from Paris to Saint Germain(fr).They had the financial support of Adolphe d’Eichthal(fr), Rothschild, Auguste Thurneyssen, Sanson Davillier and the P\u00e9reire brothers (\u00c9mile(fr) and Isaac(fr)).The P\u00e9reires were also Saint-Simonians.In 1837 Mony was made a knight of the Legion of Honour for his work on the Paris to Saint-Germain railway.The Flachats also built the Paris-Versailles Right Bank railway, and in 1840 St\u00e9phane was chief engineer of the two railway lines.In 1840 Mony was asked by Paul Rambourg(fr), a schoolmate at the Ecole des Mines, to take charge of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Rambourg fr\u00e8res and the Commentry mine.On 17 December 1853 Boigues Rambourg & Cie was formed as a soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en commandite par actions (publicly traded partnership) by the merger of seven firms with the Commentry Mine, the Montlu\u00e7on Blast Furnace and the Fourchambault Iron Manufacturing Workshop.From 1856 Mony had deteriorating relations with the former owners, Paul Benoist d’Azy of Boigues and Paul Rambourg.They wanted the two main component companies to retain independence and separate management, while Mony wanted to integrate them for greater efficiency during a period of economic difficulties.In 1860 Mony decided to hire the best engineers from the Saint-\u00c9tienne Mining School, and Henri Fayol joined the firm as an engineer and trainee manager.Mony made Fayol his protege, and Fayol succeeded him as manager of the Commentry Mine and eventually as managing director of Commentry-Fourchambault and Decazeville.In 1874 the company was transformed into a soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme (public limited company), the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Commentry, Fourchambault et Decazeville.The former owner families were removed from management, leaving Mony in charge with Eug\u00e8ne Glachant and Anatole Le Brun de Sessevalle as his assistants.Mony continued to run the company until his death.Politics[edit]Mony was a member of the Commentry municipal council  from 1843.He was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour on 13 August 1864.He was elected mayor of Commentry in 1866, and general councillor of Allier in 1867.He was elected to the legislature for the 3rd constituency of Allier in a by-election of 11 July 1868 to replace \u00c9douard Fould(fr), who had resigned.He joined the dynastic majority group.He was reelected on 23 May 1869 and again sat with dynastic majority.In the chamber he issued several reports on public works and was involved in discussions on the budget and on the strikes at Le Creusot.In June he asked for an interpellation concerning the effect of the Gotthard Tunnel on France.He left office when the Second French Empire was dissolved on 4 September 1870.After the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870\u201371) the mood in the mining community changed drastically.The coal miners were no longer willing to vote for the boss of the company, but instead voted for left-wing republican candidates who were often hostile to the industrialists.Mony ran for reelection to the legislature in 1871 but was defeated.He tried again in 1877 of the list of Marshal MacMahon, but was again defeated.St\u00e9phane Mony died on 10 March 1884 in Blomard, Allier, aged 84.Publications[edit]  Cover of L’industrie Exposition de 1834Publications by St\u00e9phane Flachat \/ Mony included:St\u00e9phane Flachat (1828), Histoire des travaux et de l’am\u00e9nagement des eaux du canal cal\u00e9donien (r\u00e9dig\u00e9e d’apr\u00e8s les rapports de MM. Jessop et Telford), Paris: impr. de F. Didot, p.\u00a092St\u00e9phane Flachat (1829), Du Canal maritime de Rouen \u00e0 Paris et des perfectionnements de la navigation int\u00e9rieure par rapport \u00e0 Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Le H\u00e2vre, Metz et Strasbourg, Paris: F. Didot, p.\u00a0470Gustave d’ Eichthal; St\u00e9phane Flachat; Henri Fournel (1831), Religion saint-simonienne\u00a0: rapports adress\u00e9s aux p\u00e8res supr\u00eames sur la situation et les travaux de la Famille [au 31 juillet 1831], Paris: Impr. Guiraudet, p.\u00a033Gustave d’Eichthal; St\u00e9phane Flachat; Henri Fournel; Hippolyte Carnot (1831), Religion saint-simonienne. Rapports adress\u00e9s aux P\u00e8res supr\u00eames sur la situation et les travaux de la Famille, Paris: impr. de Guiraudet, p.\u00a033St\u00e9phane Flachat (1832), Religion saint-simonienne. Le chol\u00e9ra \u00e0 Paris, Paris: impr. de \u00c9verat, p.\u00a04St\u00e9phane Flachat (1832), Le Chol\u00e9ra. Assainissement de Paris (Religion saint-simonienne), Paris: impr. d’Everat, p.\u00a04\u00c9mile Clapeyron; Eug\u00e8ne Flachat; St\u00e9phane Flachat; Gabriel Lam\u00e9 (1832), Vues politiques et pratiques sur les travaux publics de France, Paris: impr. de \u00c9verat, p.\u00a0336St\u00e9phane Flachat (1834), L’Industrie. Exposition de 1834, Paris: L. Tenr\u00e9, p.\u00a0160St\u00e9phane Flachat (1834), De la r\u00e9forme commerciale (Extrait de la Revue des Deux-Mondes, 1er novembre 1834), Paris: impr. de H. Fournier, p.\u00a056St\u00e9phane Flachat (1835), Trait\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de m\u00e9canique industrielle (Seconde publication de l’industrie), Paris: L. Tenr\u00e9, p.\u00a0212St\u00e9phane Flachat (1835), Manuel et code d’entretien et de construction, d’administration et de police des routes et des chemins vicinaux, Paris: L. Tenr\u00e9 et H. Dupuy, p.\u00a0121St\u00e9phane Flachat Mony; G. Bonnet (1835), Manuel et code d’entretien et de construction, d’administration et de police des routes et des chemins vicinaux, Paris: L. Tenr\u00e9Eug\u00e8ne Flachat; St\u00e9phane Mony; Jules P\u00e9tiet (1839), Chemin de fer de Paris \u00e0 Meaux, Paris: impr. de J. Didot l’a\u00een\u00e9, p.\u00a023Eug\u00e8ne Flachat; St\u00e9phane Mony; Jules P\u00e9tiet (1841), Calculs sur la force centrifuge d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par le passage des convois dans les courbes des chemins de fer, d\u00e9montrant l’impossibilit\u00e9 d’y d\u00e9passer certaines vitesses avec s\u00e9curit\u00e9, Paris: impr. de Crapelet, p.\u00a04St\u00e9phane Mony (1860), Note sur le compl\u00e9ment des voies de communication dans le centre de la France, Paris: impr. de P. Dupont, p.\u00a038St\u00e9phane Mony (1869), Un mot sur la centralisation et sur l’imp\u00f4t, Paris: impr. de P. Dupont, p.\u00a04St\u00e9phane Mony (1869), Lettre sur la crise politique (Extract from the Courrier de l’Allier), Montlu\u00e7on\u00a0: impr. de Cr\u00e9pin-Leblond, p.\u00a016St\u00e9phane Mony (1870), A mes concitoyens de la 3e circonscription \u00e9lectorale de l’Allier, Montlu\u00e7on: impr. de Cr\u00e9pin-LeblondSt\u00e9phane Mony (1871), De la D\u00e9centralisation, Paris: impr. de P. Dupont, p.\u00a0446St\u00e9phane Mony (1872), Note sur l’octroi de Commentry, Montlu\u00e7on: impr. de Cr\u00e9pin-Leblond, p.\u00a015St\u00e9phane Mony (1875), Chemin de fer de Champagnac \u00e0 Saint-Denis-l\u00e8s-Martel (Note en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une lettre du marquis de Castellane aux maires du d\u00e9partement du Cantal), Paris: impr. de Vve \u00c9thiou-P\u00e9rou, p.\u00a07St\u00e9phane Mony (1875), Chemin de fer de Champagnac \u00e0 St-Denis-l\u00e8s-Martel (Lettre au ministre des Travaux publics en r\u00e9ponse aux observations de la Compagnie de Clermont \u00e0 Tulle.), Paris: impr. de Vve \u00c9thiou-P\u00e9rou, p.\u00a016St\u00e9phane Mony (1877), Chemins de fer d\u00e9partementaux. Lettres par M. S. Mony. Groupe de Montmarault. Chemin de fer de Montlu\u00e7on \u00e0 N\u00e9ris (Extrait du journal “Le Centre”), Montlu\u00e7on: impr. de A. Herbin, p.\u00a015St\u00e9phane Mony (1877), \u00c9tude sur le travail, Paris: Hachette, p.\u00a0552St\u00e9phane Mony (1877), Ville de Commentry. La question des eaux, Montlu\u00e7on\u00a0: impr. de A. Herbin \/ Commentry. Allier, p.\u00a08St\u00e9phane Mony (1878), Estudio sobre el trabajo, Pau: impr. de Vignancour, p.\u00a0371St\u00e9phane Mony (1882), \u00c9tude sur le travail, r\u00e9sum\u00e9 et conclusions (2\u00a0ed.), Paris: Hachette, p.\u00a0126St\u00e9phane Mony (1909), \u00c9tude sur le travail (3\u00a0ed.), Paris: Hachette, p.\u00a0466Gustave d’ Eichthal; St\u00e9phane Flachat; Henri Fournel (1977), Rapports adress\u00e9s aux P\u00e8res supr\u00eames sur la situation et les travaux de la Famille, Paris: Hachette, p.\u00a049Sources[edit]B. (1829), Bulletin des sciences technologiques (in French), Imprimerie de Fain, retrieved 2018-03-09“Christophe St\u00e9phane Mony (1800\u20131884) dit Flachat”, Annales des Mines (in French), retrieved 2018-03-09Flachat, St\u00e9phane (1828), Histoire des travaux et de l’am\u00e9nagement des eaux du canal cal\u00e9donien (r\u00e9dig\u00e9e d’apr\u00e8s les rapports de MM. Jessop et Telford), Paris: impr. de F. Didot, p.\u00a092Flachat, St\u00e9phane (1829), Du canal maritime de Rouen \u00e0 Paris: et des perfectionnemens de la navigation int\u00e9rieure, par rapport \u00e0 Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Le Havre, Metz, et Strasbourg (in French), Didot, retrieved 2018-03-09Flachat, St\u00e9phane (1834), L’industrie: Exposition de 1834, L. Tenr\u00e9, retrieved 2018-03-09Ledru-Rollin (1836), Journal du palais, Au Bureau du Journal Du Palais, retrieved 2018-03-09Reid, Donald (1993), Paris Sewers and Sewermen: Realities and Representations, Harvard University Press, ISBN\u00a0978-0-674-65463-1, retrieved 2018-03-09Robert, Adolphe; Cougny, Gaston (1889\u20131891), “Mony (St\u00e9phane-Christoph)”,  in Edgar Bourloton (ed.), Dictionnaire des Parlementaires fran\u00e7ais (1789\u20131889) (in French), retrieved 2018-03-04St\u00e9phane, Christophe Mony (in French), Assembl\u00e9e nationale, retrieved 2018-03-08St\u00e9phane Flachat (1800\u20131884) (in French), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France, retrieved 2018-03-08Tresch, John (2012-02-06), The Romantic Machine: Utopian Science and Technology after Napoleon, University of Chicago Press, ISBN\u00a0978-0-226-81222-9, retrieved 2018-03-09Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick (1838), The Dublin Review, Booker & Dolman, retrieved 2018-03-09Wood, John C.; Wood, Michael C. (2002), Henri Fayol: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management, Taylor & Francis, ISBN\u00a0978-0-415-24818-1, retrieved 2018-03-09"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/stephane-mony-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"St\u00e9phane Mony – Wikipedia"}}]}]