[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/jurij-toplak-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/jurij-toplak-wikipedia\/","headline":"Jurij Toplak – Wikipedia","name":"Jurij Toplak – Wikipedia","description":"Slovenian jurist Jurij Toplak and Harvard University students in 2017 discussing the Cuban revolution Jurij Toplak (born 1977) is a","datePublished":"2022-10-23","dateModified":"2022-10-23","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f1\/Jurij_Toplak_Harvard_2017.jpg\/350px-Jurij_Toplak_Harvard_2017.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f1\/Jurij_Toplak_Harvard_2017.jpg\/350px-Jurij_Toplak_Harvard_2017.jpg","height":"266","width":"350"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/jurij-toplak-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":15324,"articleBody":"Slovenian jurist  Jurij Toplak and Harvard University students in 2017 discussing the Cuban revolutionJurij Toplak (born 1977) is a constitutional scholar, university administrator, election law, and human rights expert. He is a recurring visiting professor at the Fordham University School of Law in New York.[1] From 2016 to 2022 he served as the provost of the Alma Mater Europaea university. The Washington Post,[2]The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, The New York Times, and The Boston Globe published his legal comments.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] He serves as the co-chair of the International Association of Constitutional Law (IACL) Freedom of Expression research group. Toplak is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.[10]Education[edit]Toplak received an LL.M. degree at Central European University in Budapest under the mentorship of Michel Rosenfeld and Andras Saj\u00f3.[11] He served as a Fulbright Scholar at the UCLA Law School in 2003\u20132004, and his doctoral dissertation supervisor was Daniel H. Lowenstein.[12]Professional career[edit]He was a member of the National Election Commission of Slovenia from 2000 until 2012. Since 2006, he has been a board member, and he is a vice-chair of International Political Science Association Political Finance and Political Corruption Research Committee.[13] At the age of 23 he published his first book on redistricting, for which Slovenian Lawyers\u2019 Association awarded him with a \u201cYoung Lawyer of the Year\u201d award.[14] In 2006 he published (together with Klemen Jaklic, then a lecturer at Harvard), the first translation of United States Constitution into Slovene. Together with Daniel Smilov, he co-edited a book Political Finance and Political Corruption in Eastern Europe (Ashgate, 2008). In 2011, he led a research on disability discrimination, which evaluated responsiveness of over 200 municipalities to freedom of information requests submitted by blind persons.[15] He classified preferential voting electoral systems.[16]Pippa Norris and Bernard Grofman are among those who referred to his works,[17][18][19] and he is among the top ten most cited Slovenian legal scholars.[20] He was a member of the Ombudsman’s Human Rights Council[21] and of the government’s Commission for Equal Chances in Science.[22]As a consultant to governments or international organisations OSCE, European Union, Council of Europe, Greco, and UNDP he worked in Uganda,[23]Canada, United States, France, Finland, Latvia, Monaco, Serbia,[24][25]Montenegro,[26]Malta, Ukraine,[27]Romania and elsewhere.[28]In 2022, with David Schultz, Toplak co-edited the Routledge Handbook of Election Law.[29] He is considered “one of the world’s leading election law experts.”[30][31][32]Notable cases[edit]Jure Toplak led numerous successful impact litigation projects and wrote complaints and appeals to Slovenian Supreme Court and Constitutional Court, which improved human rights protection of disabled persons, candidates and voters. He is known to side with the underdog and defend victims and weaker parties in disputes,[33] and is the most successful author of human rights appeals in Slovenia.[34][35][36]Based on the constitutional appeal he wrote for a group of paraplegics, the Constitutional Court ruled in 2010 that \u201cas many as possible\u201d polling stations need to be wheelchair accessible.[37] Next year he wrote another appeal for three wheelchair users, and in 2014 the Constitutional Court annulled part of the election law and ruled that all polling stations must be accessible for persons with disabilities.[38][39]In 2015, when the Constitutional Court was deciding whether the parliamentary seat of a parliamentarian due to his conviction was constitutional or not, the court copied arguments from Toplak’s Amicus Curiae brief.[40] During the 2018 parliamentary election, he helped a Green Party candidate list rejected by the election commissions and the Supreme Court returned it on the ballot.[41]When the Constitutional Court invalidated election districts legislation in 2018, Toplak is mentioned or cited 17 times in the court’s decision and judges’ opinions.[42] In 2019, the Constitutional Court invalidated the local music quota law based on the appeal written by Toplak.[43]In 2017, Jurij Toplak wrote a challenge to the referendum results for a voter and activist Vili Kova\u010di\u010d, which led to the first-ever public hearing by the Supreme Court of Slovenia and first-ever annulment of referendum results on 14 March 2018.[44] On the same day Prime Minister Miro Cerar resigned.[45] A minute later, a leading television program Pop TV, which broadcast the resignation, referred to Jurij Toplak as \u201cthe silent winner of the court ruling.\u201d[46] Slovenian lawyers voted Jurij Toplak among ‘Ten most influential lawyers in Slovenia’ in 2018,[47] 2019,[48] 2020,[49] and 2021.[50]In October 2021, the European Court of Human Rights issued its judgment Toplak and Mrak against Slovenia.[51][52] The case concerned accessibility of polling places and voting. Jurij Toplak wrote the appeal for Franc Toplak, his uncle, and other voters with disabilities,[53] and the Court ruled that Slovenia had violated his uncle’s and other applicants’ human rights.[54] Toplak wrote a class action for the Slovenian Disability Rights Association, which asked for a review and reform of the polling places accessibility, and for a 54 million Euros of compensation for the past discrimination of persons with disabilities.[53]Toplak is a staunch defender of free speech and transparent government. In 2014, after two years of litigation for access to information, he obtained statistical data on schools and published it,[55][56] which triggered a heated public debate.[57][58]Toplak had long publicly opposed punishing of Internet users who discussed election candidates during the electoral silence.[59] In 2011, he wrote two successful appeals for such Facebook users.[60] After the 2014 elections, he wrote an appeal to the Supreme Court for a voter, who was fined 100 euros for publishing a comment on Facebook on a day before elections. In September 2016, the Supreme Court dismissed the fine and ruled that comments and discussions are not within a definition of illegal propaganda.[61]In March 2021, Toplak disclosed in the Daily Express that the European Court of Human Rights had stopped sharing its files with the public.[62] \u201cAfter allowing access to its single-judge decisions for decades and after sending applications out for several months, the Court\u2019s termination of access in March 2021 due to the pandemic seems unjustified. The pandemic has not worsened in March 2021,” he said.[62] Just few hours after the Daily Express published the article, the Court changed its practice and sent documents to those who requested them.[63][64]Toplak wrote an appeal for an activist Vili Kova\u010di\u010d who was convicted for calling the judge \u201ca pig\u201d in the courtroom after the judge convicted Milko Novi\u010d to 25 years for murder.[34] In a re-trial, Novi\u010d was found not guilty, and based on the appeal written by Toplak, the Supreme Court in 2022 dropped the fine imposed on Kova\u010di\u010d. They argued that freedom of expression protects those who call \u201ca pig\u201d an unfair and abusive judge who wrongly convicts a person of murder without evidence, and claimed that \u201cpig\u201d is a common description of abusive rulers, including in George Orwell\u2019s Animal Farm.[65]Soon after the 2022 national elections, the National Election Commission of Slovenia published names of the elected parliament members. Two weeks later, it announced that six seats have been wrongly assigned due to a “computer defect.” The election commission’s president explained that it was impossible to calculate all 88 seats correctly, because a manual calculation would take “months of work for hundreds of people.” Mathematicians said it would take “weeks of work for dozens of people.”[66][67] The next day, Toplak on YouTube published a video in which he with a simple calculator and a pen calculated all 88 seats correctly in less than three hours.[68][69]Alma Mater Europaea[edit]Together with the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Toplak and his father Ludvik Toplak developed the international Alma Mater Europaea university. Jurij Toplak served as the Dean of Business Studies between 2012 and 2016. He served as the university’s provost between 2016 and 2022.In 2020, Toplak organized and moderated the first round-the-globe and round-the-clock online conference, which soon became common during the COVID-19 pandemic.[70] The event featured 52 of the world’s leading constitutional law scholars including Mark Tushnet of Harvard Law School, Oxford professor Jacob Rowbottom, Adrienne Stone, Janny Leung, Pierre de Vos, Richard Calland, Michael Pinto-Duschinsky, RonNell Andersen Jones and the ECHR judges Andr\u00e1s Saj\u00f3 and Bo\u0161tjan M Zupan\u010di\u010d.[71][72][73]In 2021, he took over the chairmanship of the organization of the It’s About People conference. In 2021 and 2022, the event featured speakers economist Jeffrey Sachs, the European Commission vice-presidents and commissioners Maro\u0161 \u0160ef\u010dovi\u010d, Mariya Gabriel and Dubravka \u0160uica, Oxford Law School dean Mindy Chen-Wishart, Baroness Ruth Deech, Andr\u00e1s Saj\u00f3, Dimitry Kochenov, Klaus Mainzer, and Felix Unger.[74][75][76][77][78][79]Personal life[edit]His father is a law professor, diplomat, and university rector Ludvik Toplak, who served as the president of the Slovenian parliament’s chamber during Slovenia’s independence, democratisation and constitution-making. His mother is attorney Rosvita Toplak. Jurij’s paternal grandfather was a grapevine producer, agricultural cooperatives’ organizer Jan\u017ea Toplak, who in June 1941 hosted the first anti-Nazi resistance meeting in the Ptuj region,[80][81] and shortly after that Gestapo arrested, tortured,[82] and then killed his brother Franc Toplak, a university student of agriculture.[83][84] The Toplak family in Mostje near Jur\u0161inci dates back to 1610.[85][86] Jurij’s maternal grandfather was Edvard Sitar, an inventor,[87] a founder and administrator of several schools,[88] a songwriter, and a partizan poet,[89] tortured and imprisoned by Italian fascists.[90][91]References[edit]^ “Class Schedules – Course Details”. web.v2.go.lawnet.fordham.edu. Retrieved 2019-12-29.^ “Opinion | Kenyans trusted the transparent election results”. Washington Post. ISSN\u00a00190-8286. Retrieved 2022-09-09.^ “Letter: Court rulings on elections bolster trust in democracy”. Financial Times. 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2022-08-22.^ Toplak, Jurij. “Key problem with remote vote: It cannot ensure a secret ballot” (PDF).^ May 11, Jurij; Toplak. “Push for mail-in vote gaining steam, and scrutiny – The Boston Globe”. BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2020-07-14.^ Ronay, Barney (2020-03-05). “Michel Platini’s appeal over ban rejected by European court of human rights”. The Guardian. ISSN\u00a00261-3077. Retrieved 2020-07-14.^ “The Semenya court case analyzed by professor Toplak”. en.almamater.si. Retrieved 2022-05-03.^ Chutel, Lynsey; Longman, Jer\u00e9 (2021-06-28). “The Clock Ticks on Caster Semenya’s Olympic Career”. The New York Times. ISSN\u00a00362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-03.^ Hirtenstein, Anna (2021-01-11). “Online Platform eToro Called in Leveraged Crypto Trades When Bitcoin Price Peaked”. Wall Street Journal. ISSN\u00a00099-9660. Retrieved 2021-01-12.^ Toplak, Jurij. “Members Database”. European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Retrieved 29 November 2020.^ Maribor, IZUM-Institut informacijskih znanosti. “Protection of equal voting right principle by redistricting process rules\u00a0: LL.M. long thesis\u00a0:: COBISS+”. plus.si.cobiss.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2022-02-05.^ Toplak, Jurij (2016-04-22).  Smilov, Daniel (ed.). Political Finance and Corruption in Eastern Europe. doi:10.4324\/9781315601182. ISBN\u00a09781315601182.^ “Board Members (2017) \u2013 RC20 \u2013 Political Finance and Political Corruption”. rc20.ipsa.org. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ “STA: Za\u010deli so se Dnevi slovenskih pravnikov 2000”. www.sta.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ “Raziskava o diskriminaciji: V Ljubljani in Mariboru slepemu niso odgovorili”. Dnevnik. Retrieved 2020-01-26.^ Toplak, Jurij (2017-10-25). “Preferential Voting: Definition and Classification”. Lex Localis \u2013 Journal of Local Self-Government. 15 (4): 737\u2013761. doi:10.4335\/15.4.737-761(2017). ISSN\u00a01581-5374.^ Grofman, Bernard; Feld, Scott L.; Fraenkel, Jon (January 2017). “Finding the Threshold of Exclusion for all single seat and multi-seat scoring rules: Illustrated by results for the Borda and Dowdall rules”. Mathematical Social Sciences. 85: 52\u201356. doi:10.1016\/j.mathsocsci.2016.11.004. ISSN\u00a00165-4896.^ “Pippa Norris on Twitter”. Twitter. Retrieved 2018-07-15.^ Fraenkel, Jon; Grofman, Bernard (2014-04-03). “The Borda Count and its real-world alternatives: Comparing scoring rules in Nauru and Slovenia”. Australian Journal of Political Science. 49 (2): 186\u2013205. doi:10.1080\/10361146.2014.900530. ISSN\u00a01036-1146. S2CID\u00a0153325225.^ “V tujini priznane in prezrte slovenske pravne avtoritete”. Spletni \u010dasopis (in Slovenian). 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2018-07-15.^ “Decision of the Appointment of Members of the Ombudsman’s Human Rights Council” (PDF).^ “Komisija za enake mo\u017enosti na podro\u010dju znanosti | GOV.SI”. Portal GOV.SI (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2020-01-26.^ EU EOM (2016-01-25), NTV \u2013 Jurij Toplak, EU Election Observation Mission, interviewed on the role of money in politics, retrieved 2018-06-09^ “The Report on the Implementation of the Law on Financing of Political Activities by the Slovenian Expert Jurij Toplak \u2013 \u0410\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0435”. www.acas.rs. Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ Minic, Zlatko. “Useful recommendations for the improvement of legislation on party financing”. www.transparentnost.org.rs. Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ “Magnus Ohman\u00a0:: News 2014”. www.magnusohman.net. Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ “OSCE and EU conduct conference to discuss legal aspects of election campaign funding in Ukraine | OSCE”. www.osce.org. Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ “Predsednik Republike Slovenije | Javna predstavitev kandidata za \u010dlana Stalnega arbitra\u017enega sodi\u0161\u010da s sede\u017eem v Haagu prof. dr. Jurija Toplaka”. www2.gov.si. Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ Routledge handbook of election law. David A. Schultz, Jurij Toplak. Abingdon, Oxon. 2022. ISBN\u00a0978-1-138-39336-3. OCLC\u00a01288194909.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: others (link)^ “Election law a growing area \u2013 and good for democracy, say experts”. Legal Futures. August 18, 2022.^ “Short Thought For The Week: Because You’re Worth It”. The Legal Diary. August 19, 2022.^ “How Kenya Election Petition Will Strengthen Future Polls”. Capital FM News. August 21, 2022.^ Poti\u010d, Zoran (10 September 2022). “#intervju Jurij Toplak, pravnik: Vsak dr\u017eavljan lahko izpodbija izid glasovanja zaradi nepravilnosti”. Dnevnik. Retrieved 2022-09-12.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: url-status (link)^ a b “Lahko sodnici re\u010demo prasica? Vrhovno sodi\u0161\u010de je odlo\u010dilo”. www.zurnal24.si. Retrieved 2022-04-22.^ “Sodi\u0161\u010de pritrdilo Radiu City”. maribor24.si (in Slovenian). 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2022-04-22.^ “Nova zau\u0161nica Strasbourga slovenskemu sodstvu, tokrat v primeru Koro\u0161ki de\u010dki |” (in Slovenian). 2022-02-08. Retrieved 2022-04-22.^ “Decision U-I-25\/10” (PDF). Constitutional Court of Slovenia. 11 September 2010.^ “Decision U-I-156\/11”. Constitutional Court of Slovenia. 10 April 2014.^ politika, Peter Jan\u010di\u010d, notranja. “Dr\u017eava mora invalidom zagotoviti dostop do voli\u0161\u010d” (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ “Ustavno sodi\u0161\u010de ponovilo argumente in mnenje, ki ga je dr. Toplak glede neustavnega odvzema Jan\u0161evega mandata podal za Politikis.si | Politikis”. www.politikis.si (in Slovenian). 12 June 2015. Retrieved 2018-06-13.^ ““Dvojna” kandidatka: Vrhovno sodi\u0161\u010de pritrdilo \u010cu\u0161u in Toplaku”. \u010casnik Ve\u010der d.o.o. (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2018-06-13.^ “Constitutional Court of Slovenia decision U-I-32\/15”. odlocitve.us-rs.si. Retrieved 2019-11-19.^ “J. Toplak: Ne gremo na kolena. \u010ce bo politika \u0161e enkrat poskusila s kvotami slovenske glasbe, bo za 300 mio to\u017eb”. Finance.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2019-11-19.^ “Slovenian court orders a new referendum on railway”. Reuters. Retrieved 2018-06-09.^ “Slovenia’s Prime Minister resigns over court ruling on referendum”. The Telegraph. 15 March 2018.^ “Transcript of the resignation and of ’24ur zve\u010der’ on POP TV”. Media Clipping Map. 14 March 2018.^ “To so najvplivnej\u0161i slovenski pravniki” (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2018-11-27.^ “Znanih 10 najvplivnej\u0161ih pravnikov leta 2019”. Dnevnik. Retrieved 2019-11-19.^ “10 najvplivnejsih pravnikov”. IUS-INFO (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-30.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: url-status (link)^ “Kdo so bili letos najvplivnej\u0161i pravniki in pravnice?”. RTVSLO.si (in Slovenian). 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Retrieved 2022-04-23.^ “DVK je napa\u010dno dolo\u010dila \u0161est poslanskih mandatov”.^ “Ra\u010dunalni\u0161ka napaka na DVK: narobe izra\u010dunali \u0161est poslanskih mandatov”. 7 May 2022.^ “VIDEO: Profesorju uspelo to, za kar bi volilna komisija potrebovala mesece”.^ “V treh urah naredil to, za kar DVK potrebuje “nekaj sto ljudi in nekaj mesecev” #video”.^ “A year of global “round-the-clock” conferences”.^ “Freedom of Speech”. iacl-aidc.org. Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ W3bStudio (2020-07-10). “Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Professors at the Alma Mater Europaea Symposium”. Slovenia Times. Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ “Tuji strokovnjaki: Sporo\u010dilo o novinarkah prostitutkah in Ku\u010danu zvodniku ni kaznivo #video”. siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ “Famed economist Jeffrey Sachs rails against Bitcoin: Highly polluting and ‘almost like counterfeiting’ \u2013 Fortune”. Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ Chan, Justin. “Respected Economist Jeffrey Sachs Says Bitcoin Offers ‘Nothing of Social Value’“. Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ “Dekanja z Oxforda: Kitajci so dokaj rasisti\u010dni, menijo, da belopolti ne delajo dovolj #video”. siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ W3bStudio (2022-03-14). “The Alma Mater’s ‘It’s About People’ conference has started”. Slovenia Times. Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ “V sredi\u0161\u010du mednarodne znanstvene konference Alme Mater letos eti\u010dni izzivi digitalne transformacije”. RTVSLO.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ ““Pandemija je razgalila tudi pomanjkljivosti digitalnega u\u010dnega procesa”“. RTVSLO.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2022-06-21.^ “Partizanski koledar na\u0161ega okoli\u0161a, 28. del: Nove aretacije avgusta 1941”. Tednik. 14 Aug 1964.^ “Za klicem “Smrt fa\u017eizmu – svoboda narodu!” v Slovenskih goricah pred 30 leti: Ustanovitev OF”. Tednik. 23 July 1971.^ \u0160uligoj, Ljubica (2001). “Leto 1941 na Ptuju: The Year 1941 in Ptuj”. Kronika.^ Glu\u0161i\u010d, Dominik (26 Sep 1974). “Spomini na ptujske zapore”. Tednik.^ “Zgodovina ob\u010dine Jur\u0161inci”. www.jursinci.si. Retrieved 2020-01-16.^ “ILIRIJA – Geneanet”. gw.geneanet.org. Retrieved 2020-01-16.^ “Family Tree”.^ “Razboj za tkanje Siga – video dailymotion”. Dailymotion. Retrieved 2020-01-16.^ Bra\u010di\u010d, Vladimir (1983). “Nastanek in razvoj visokega \u0161olstva v Mariboru”. Kronika, \u010dasopis za slovensko krajevno zgodovino: 247.^ Stanonik, Marija (1973). Slovensko pesni\u0161tvo upora: Slovensko narodnoosvobodilno pesni\u0161tvo 1941-1945 na Gorenjskem. Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta.^ Tribunale militare di guerra, fasc. 542-2321.^ Bravni\u010dar, Du\u0161an, ed. (1960). Prispevki za zgodovino delavskega gibanja (PDF). Ljubljana: In\u0161titut za zgodovino delavskega gibanja. p.\u00a0243."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/jurij-toplak-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Jurij Toplak – Wikipedia"}}]}]