[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/antonia-perez-padin-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/antonia-perez-padin-wikipedia\/","headline":"Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn – Wikipedia","name":"Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn – Wikipedia","description":"Spanish feminist and communist In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is P\u00e9rez and the second or maternal","datePublished":"2017-08-23","dateModified":"2017-08-23","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Fotosceuta_antonia_perez_padin.jpg\/220px-Fotosceuta_antonia_perez_padin.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Fotosceuta_antonia_perez_padin.jpg\/220px-Fotosceuta_antonia_perez_padin.jpg","height":"208","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/antonia-perez-padin-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5971,"articleBody":"Spanish feminist and communistIn this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is  P\u00e9rez and the second or maternal family name is  Pad\u00edn.Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn (born Ceuta, Spain) was a Spanish feminist and communist active during the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War in Ceuta. A member of the International Red Aid’s Ceuta branch and Partido Comunista de Espa\u00f1a, she supported striking port workers and fish factory workers by hosting meetings in her home and providing food to striking workers.P\u00e9rez was imprisoned on 14 August 1936 around the time of the coup d’\u00e9tat of 1936. One of five Ceuta women to be sentenced to death by Francoist forces, her sentence was later changed to twelve years in prison of which she served eight, before being released from prison in Madrid. P\u00e9rez was one of the few prisoners to share stories of sexual violence in Ceuta’s Francoist prison. She also witnessed the death of Antonia C\u00e9spedes Gallego. The Uni\u00f3n General de Trabajadores unanimously gave its “La Latera” award posthumously to her in 2017 in recognition of her fight for equality for women.P\u00e9rez was married to Antonio Berrocal, having six children with him. Berrocal, a communist city councilor in Ceuta, was killed by a mob of falangists in 1937. P\u00e9rez worked as a restaurateur, grocer and midwife.Activism and death by Francoism[edit]  Prison de Partido de Ceuta confirms Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn is at the prison under the order of the Delegado del. Senor Comandante Militar on 14 August 1936.Her father was a teacher.\u00a0 Ideologically, her father was an anarchist.\u00a0 He shared these ideas with P\u00e9rez when she was young, instilling her with the value of fighting social injustices.[1][2]P\u00e9rez was politically engaged as an adult.\u00a0 She was keen to address social injustices.[1] Because of her desire to help the poor and repressed people, she joined\u00a0International Red Aid’s Ceuta branch and was also a member of Partido Comunista de Espa\u00f1a.[1][3] As an activist, P\u00e9rez supported striking port workers in Ceuta, providing strikers with food.[3][4][5]  She also hosted meetings of striking port workers in her home.[6]  She was also involved in other campaigns for needy in the city.[5]  One involved workers at a fish factory in the city.[7] She also fought to support women’s rights and equal pay.[8] During the Spanish Civil War, she spent some time in Rabat where she witnessed atrocities committed by Falange Pelegrina.\u00a0 This included shelling of civilians.[6]P\u00e9rez was imprisoned on 14 August 1936 at the Sarcel Women’s Prison. \u00a0[3][6]  The arrest came around the time of the coup d’\u00e9tat of 1936.[6]  She never saw her husband again following her arrest.[6] At the time of her arrest in 1936, her children ranged in age from two to ten years of age.\u00a0 Some went to stay with family, thought two went to an asylum.[3][6][9]  Perez was imprisoned with many other feminist women who supported the Spanish Second Republic.[9]  She was then transferred to the Garc\u00eda Aldave prison around July 1937.[9]After several months in prison, P\u00e9rez was finally sentenced to death at the age of 39 in Ceuta on 17 November 1937.[1][4] She received two death sentences.\u00a0 The first was for belonging to\u00a0 International Red Aid’s Ceuta branch.\u00a0 The second was for belonging to the Communist Party.[3][1] Her death sentence was in part because supporting these two organizations was seen as part of a wider imminent plot by communities to create a foreign, Soviet influenced revolution in Spain.[1] She was sentenced along with two other women, Andrea Maese V\u00e1zquez and Francisca Guti\u00e9rrez Hern\u00e1ndez, for the same reasons.[1]Joaquina Garriga Mosquecho and Ana S\u00e1nchez Gonz\u00e1lez were two of the other five total women in Ceuta to receive death sentences that year.[1]  They were the only five women in Ceuta to be given death sentences by Nationalist forces in the period between 1936 and 1942.[1] The death sentences were handed down without the benefit of a trial.[9]  Her death sentence was later commuted to 12 years in prison.[6] She would spend the next eight years  with time spread out between several prisons, including C\u00e1rcel de Mujeres del Sarchal in Ceuta,  in C\u00e1diz, in Burgos, and  in Madrid.[3][1][4][10][5][6][7][11] She was in the Madrid prison in 1945.[12] In November 1945, a judge announced her release from the Madrid jail.[13] P\u00e9rez was never pardoned by the Spanish State.[14][2]Es:Penal de El Puerto de Santa Mar\u00edaEs:Penal de El DuesoEs:C\u00e1rcel de mujeres de VentasP\u00e9rez is one of the few women to have verified stories of sexual violence at C\u00e1rcel de Mujeres del Sarchal through her oral history.[1] While in prison, she witnessed a well-known local Falangist seeking sexual favors from another female prisoner, Antonia C\u00e9spedes Gallego.\u00a0On 21 January 21, 1937, the Falangist  appeared and took C\u00e9spedes  from her cell, telling other prisoners\u00a0 “You are reds and one day I will come for some of you.” While removing C\u00e9spedes from prison, the Falangist stabbed her in the back.\u00a0 A short time later, P\u00e9rez heard a gunshot outside the person. As C\u00e9spedes was being stabbed, she turned and screamed out to P\u00e9rez for help.[3][1][9][15]When later talking about her time in prison with her children and grandchildren, P\u00e9rez described them as hotels.[3]  She later shared these experiences with her granddaughter.[1]  She made her time in prison sound like she was a world traveler.[1][3]The Uni\u00f3n General de Trabajadores unanimously gave its “La Latera” award posthumously to her in 2017, with her son Manuel Berrocal collecting it on her behalf.[4][14][16][17][5] The decision to award her the prize was based on a commitment to not forgetting historical memory.[18]  The award itself is given every two years specifically to remember women who fought for social justice, women’s rights and equality in Spain, so they would not be forgotten.[6][10]Background[edit]P\u00e9rez was born in Ceuta.[11] Her mother was named Jacinta.\u00a0 P\u00e9rez inherited her strong character from her.[2]P\u00e9rez was married to Antonio Berrocal.[3] She had six children with him, only five of them survived.\u00a0[3][1] Her first child was a girl.[3] Her husband was a member of the Communist Party of Spain, and was elected as a Ceuta city councilor in the elections of 12 April 1931. [3][1][4] Berrocal was shot on his own farm along with 32 other people on 21 January 1937 after having been dragged there by a mob of falangists.[3][1][4][14][6]  He was one of eight councilors from the eleven member government who would be shot by Nationalist forces.[17][9] Her children survived the Civil War, and P\u00e9rez eventually had a granddaughter named Gloria Berrocal. Berrocal has written several books about her grandmother’s experiences during the Civil War.[3] One of her sons was Manuel Berrocal, a historian. Because of the time his mother spent in prison, Manuel did not get to know her until he was a 10-year-old. [4][6]P\u00e9rez lived in the Las Latas neighborhood of Ceuta.[6] She ran a small restaurant near in the La Puntilla area in Ceuta.[3][1]\u00a0 She later ran a small grocery store in Ceuta.\u00a0[3][1] She also worked as a midwife.[3][9]In her later years, P\u00e9rez always dressed in black.[3]\u00a0 Her legs were frequently swollen and she had varicose veins.[3] In life after prison with her family, she listened to Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a, and would frequently sigh when listening to the news portion.[3][9] In her later years, when she watched television and heard commentators say there were no political prisoners in Spain, she would throw a shoe at the television.[3][9]References[edit]^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Moya Alca\u00f1iz, Fransisca (2015). Republicans condenadas a muerte: Analog\u00edas y diferencias territoriales y de g\u00e9nero (1936-1945) (PDF) (Doctoral thesis) (in Spanish). Spain: UNED.^ a b c Garcia, Juan (10 March 2017). “Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn: Memoria de una luchadora contra el franquismo”. El Faro de Ceuta (in European Spanish). Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v S\u00e1nchez Montoya, Francisco. “Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn”. todos (…) los nombres _ (in Spanish). Andalusia: Confederaci\u00f3n General del Trabajo de Andaluc\u00eda. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b c d e f g J.M.F.M (16 March 2017). “Manuel Berrocal, Premio “La Latera”: “creo que me faltan a\u00f1os para agradecer este homenaje a mi madre”“. La Verdad de Ceuta (in European Spanish). Ceuta. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b c d CAD (8 March 2017). “UGT concede el II Premio “la Latera” a Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn, defensora de los m\u00e1s necesitados”. Ceuta al D\u00eda. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sakona, Javier (15 March 2017). “Premio ‘La Latera’ a Antonia P\u00e9rez: “Reconforta que tantos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s se acuerden de mi madre”“. Ceuta al D\u00eda. Ceuta. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b “UGT busca recuperar la memoria hist\u00f3rica con el premio Antonia C\u00e9spedes ‘La Latera’“. El Faro de Ceuta (in European Spanish). 13 March 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ Mart\u00edn, Cesar (15 March 2017). “Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn ha sido la galardonada con el segundo Premio Antonia C\u00e9spedes ‘La latera’“. Ceuta Televisi\u00f3n (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b c d e f g h i S\u00e1nchez Montoya, Francisco (10 March 2017). “Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn: Memoria de una luchadora contra el franquismo”. El Faro de Ceuta (in European Spanish). Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b “UGT reivindica la Memoria Hist\u00f3rica otorgando el Premio ‘La Latera’ a su coet\u00e1nea Antonia P\u00e9rez”. Ceuta al D\u00eda. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b “Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn”. todos (…) los nombres_ (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ B. O. del E.\u2014N\u00fam. 320 (PDF) (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: BOE. 1945. p.\u00a03007.^ B.O. del E.\u2014N\u00famero, 276 (PDF) (in Spanish). Madrid: BOE. p.\u00a0854.^ a b c R.S.V (11 March 2017). “UGT otorga el premio “La Latera” a una ceut\u00ed v\u00edctima del franquismo”. la Verdad de Ceuta (in European Spanish). Ceuta. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ “El reconocimiento a una gran mujer que luch\u00f3 por la igualdad de derechos”. El Pueblo de Ceuta (in European Spanish). 27 March 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ G.F (14 March 2017). “Cristina Anto\u00f1anzas entrega ma\u00f1ana el premio “La Latera”“. la Verdad de Ceuta (in European Spanish). Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ a b Sakona, Javier (15 March 2017). “Las l\u00e1grimas del historiador”. Ceuta al D\u00eda. Ceuta. Retrieved 16 February 2019.^ G.F (14 March 2017). “Cristina Anto\u00f1anzas entrega ma\u00f1ana el premio “La Latera”“. la Verdad de Ceuta (in European Spanish). Ceuta. Retrieved 16 February 2019."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/antonia-perez-padin-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Antonia P\u00e9rez Pad\u00edn – Wikipedia"}}]}]