[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/devni-mori-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/devni-mori-wikipedia\/","headline":"Devni Mori – Wikipedia","name":"Devni Mori – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Devnimori, or Devni Mori, is a Buddhist archaeological site in northern Gujarat, about 2 kilometres","datePublished":"2020-12-27","dateModified":"2020-12-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/Devnimori_Vihara.jpg\/220px-Devnimori_Vihara.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/Devnimori_Vihara.jpg\/220px-Devnimori_Vihara.jpg","height":"158","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/devni-mori-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4908,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaDevnimori, or Devni Mori, is a Buddhist archaeological site in northern Gujarat, about 2 kilometres (1.2\u00a0mi) from the city of Shamlaji, in the Aravalli District of northern Gujarat, India. The site is variously dated to the 3rd century or 4th century CE, or circa 400 CE.[2][3] Its location was associated with trade routes and caravans in the area of Gujarat.[4] Site excavations have yielded Buddhist artifacts dated prior to 8th-century in the lowest layer, mixed Buddhist and Hindu artwork from the Gurjara-Pratihara period in the middle, topped by Muslim glazed ware attributed to the 14th century.[2] The site was excavated between 1960 and 1963.[2] The site became flooded by the Meswo reservoir,[2] a project started in 1959 and completed over 1971\u20131972 over the nearby Meshwo River.[5]Table of ContentsArchaeological finds[edit]Buddhist sculptures[edit]Viharas[edit]Stupa[edit]Dates and influences[edit]Gallery[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]External links[edit]Archaeological finds[edit]Buddhist sculptures[edit]The site of Devni Mori included numerous terracotta  Buddhist sculptures (but no stone sculptures), also dated to the 3rd-4th century CE, and which are among the earliest sculptures that can be found in Gujarat.[2] The remains are located in the Shamlaji Museum and Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery.[6]Viharas[edit]  Devni Mori has a specific construction pattern for a monastery, with an image shrine built opposite the entrance. This kind of arrangement was initiated in northwestern sites such as  Kalawan (in the Taxila area) or Dharmarajika.[3] It is thought that this architectural pattern then became the prototype for the later development of monasteries with shrines in Devni Mori, Ajanta, Aurangabad, Ellora, Nalanda, Ratnagiri, Odisha and others.[3][7] The viharas in Devni Mori were built from fired bricks.[2]Devni Mori also has residential caves with water cisterns, as at Uparkot in Junagadh.[8][9]Stupa[edit]Devni Mori also has a stupa where stacked relic deposits were found.[10] This is the only case of a free-standing stupa in the area of Gujarat.[8] Nine images of the Buddha were found inside the stupa.[11] The Buddha images clearly show the influence of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara,[1] and have been described as examples of the Western Indian art of the Western Satraps.[1]Dates and influences[edit]  Stone Relic Casket recovered from Devni Mori, in the name of the Western Satraps king Rudrasena.[12]Three relics caskets were retrieved from the stupa.[13] One of these caskets bears an inscription which mentions a date: the 127th year in the reign of Western Satrap ruler Rudrasena:[2]“In the year 127 of the Kathika kings, when king Rudrasena was ruling, the erection of this stupa, which was banner of this earth, was done. It was the 5th day of Bhadrapada.”\u2014\u2009Translation by Professor S.N. Choudhary[14][15]As Western Satraps dated their coins in the Saka era, this date would be 204 CE, and the ruler would be Rudrasena I.[2] If reckoned with the Kalachuri Era, the date would be 375 CE, and the ruler Rudrasena III.[16]  A coin of Rudrasimha II (305-313 CE), similar to the one discovered in the Devnimori stupa.A second casket included 8 coins of Western Satraps rulers, one of them being a coin of Western Satrap ruler Visvasena (294-305).[2] The coins are worn, but the coins of two other rulers have been found in the group: one coin of Rudrasena I (203-220 CE) and a nearly unworn coin of Rudrasimha (305-313 CE).[13] Overall, and because of these different dates, the site of Devni Mori is sometimes dated to the 3rd century, and sometimes to the 4th century.[2] The absence of later Western Satraps coins and the various dates could however suggest that the stupa was rebuilt at one point, with a final construction date not long after 305\u2013313.[13]According to Mehta and Chawdhary, the art of Devni Mori prove the existence of a pre-Gupta era Western Indian artistic tradition. This tradition, they suggest may have influenced the art of the Ajanta Caves, Sarnath and other places from the 5th century onward. As a matter of fact, Devni Mori represents the extension of Gandharan influence to the subcontinent, which persisted locally with the sites of M\u012brpur Kh\u0101s, \u015a\u0101mal\u0101j\u012b or Dh\u0101nk, a century before this influence would further extend to Ajanta and Sarnath.[17]Shah disagrees and states that instead of this “so-called pre-Gupta influence”, the Gandhara arts influenced these, while Gupta art was influenced by the pre-Gupta era Western tradition. According to Schastok, the significance of the finding here is that there were multiple centers involved. According to Williams, it is difficult to accept either these theories because “any number of the features had been in use too long to have chronological significance” and the Western Indian tradition could very well have been a combination of local innovation combined with influences from the Mathura school.[13]Gallery[edit]Terracotta Buddha statues, possibly 375 CE.[18]Bronze figure of Atlantes, Devnimori.[19]Devnimori Kshatrapa coinsSee also[edit]References[edit]^ a b c The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Volume 4 1981 Number I An Exceptional Group of Painted Buddha Figures at Ajan\u1e6d\u0101, p.97 and Note 2^ a b c d e f g h i j Schastok, Sara L. (1985). The \u015a\u0101mal\u0101j\u012b Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India. BRILL. pp.\u00a024\u201327 with footnotes. ISBN\u00a09004069410.^ a b c Behrendt, Kurt A. (2004). Handbuch der Orientalistik. BRILL. p.\u00a0170. ISBN\u00a09004135952.^ Mishra, Susan Verma; Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2016). The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces: The Temple in Western India, 2nd Century BCE\u20138th Century CE. Routledge. p.\u00a044. ISBN\u00a09781317193746.^ Meshwo Water Reservoir, Government of Gujarat (India)^ Ishikawa, Ken (2019). “More Gandh\u0101ra than Mathur\u0101: substantial and persistent  Gandh\u0101ran influences provincialized in the Buddhist material  culture of Gujarat and beyond, c. AD 400-550” in “The Global Connections of Gandh\u0101ran Art”. pp.\u00a0156ff.^ Behrendt, Kurt A. (2004). Handbuch der Orientalistik. BRILL. p.\u00a0171. ISBN\u00a09004135952.^ a b Mishra, Susan Verma; Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2016). The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces: The Temple in Western India, 2nd Century BCE\u20138th Century CE. Routledge. p.\u00a017. ISBN\u00a09781317193746.^ Mishra, Susan Verma; Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2016). The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces: The Temple in Western India, 2nd Century BCE\u20138th Century CE. Routledge. p.\u00a035. ISBN\u00a09781317193746.^ Behrendt, Kurt A. (2004). Handbuch der Orientalistik. BRILL. p.\u00a073. ISBN\u00a09004135952.^ Le, Huu Phuoc (2010). Buddhist Architecture. Grafikol. p.\u00a0200. ISBN\u00a09780984404308.^ Yi, Joy Lidu. The Global Connections of Gandh\u0101ran Art. p.\u00a0163.^ a b c d Schastok, Sara L. (1985). The \u015a\u0101mal\u0101j\u012b Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India. BRILL. pp.\u00a028\u201331. ISBN\u00a09004069410.^ “Dev ni Mori”. 19 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2017.^ Schopen, Gregory (2005). Figments and Fragments of Mahayana Buddhism in India: More Collected Papers. University of Hawaii Press. p.\u00a0244. ISBN\u00a09780824825485.^ Ghosh, Amalananda. An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology. BRILL. p.\u00a0173. ISBN\u00a09004092641.^ Ishikawa, Ken (2020). “More Gandh\u0101ra than Mathur\u0101: substantial and persistent Gandh\u0101ran influences provincialized in the Buddhist material culture of Gujarat and beyond, c. AD 400-550” in “The Global Connections of Gandh\u0101ran Art” (PDF). Archaeopress Archaeology. p.\u00a0157. Furthermore, I will trace the waves of Gandh\u0101ran influences observed at Devn\u012bmor\u012b, which within, or after, a century or so eventually reached S\u0101rn\u0101th and Aja\u1e47\u1e6d\u0101 and locally persisted at \u015a\u0101mal\u0101j\u012b in north Gujarat, Dh\u0101nk in Saurashtra in India, and M\u012brpur Kh\u0101s in Sindh in Pakistan.^ Harle, James C. The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. Yale University Press. p.\u00a0117. ISBN\u00a0978-0-300-06217-5.^ Indian Archaeology 1960-61 a Review. p.\u00a058, item 19.Sources[edit]External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/devni-mori-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Devni Mori – Wikipedia"}}]}]