[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/dugesia-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/dugesia-wikipedia\/","headline":"Dugesia &#8211; Wikipedia","name":"Dugesia &#8211; Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Genus of flatworms Dugesia (pronounced, \/du\u02c8d\u0361\u0292i\u0292(i)\u0259\/) is a genus of dugesiid triclads that contains some","datePublished":"2019-02-18","dateModified":"2019-02-18","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/Dugesia_Creta.JPG\/200px-Dugesia_Creta.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/Dugesia_Creta.JPG\/200px-Dugesia_Creta.JPG","height":"150","width":"200"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/dugesia-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5389,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGenus of flatwormsDugesia (pronounced, \/du\u02c8d\u0361\u0292i\u0292(i)\u0259\/) is a genus of dugesiid triclads that contains some common representatives of the class Turbellaria. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. Dugesia is best known to non-specialists because of its regeneration capacities.[2]Dugesia is the type genus of the family Dugesiidae.Table of ContentsDescription[edit]Reproduction[edit]Phylogeny and taxonomy[edit]Phylogeny[edit]Species[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Description[edit]Dugesia species have an elongated body with a slightly triangle-shaped head. Usually they have grey, brown or black colors on the dorsal body surface, the ventral surface uses to be paler. These animals have a couple of eyes constituted by a multicellular pigmented cup with many retinal cells to detect the amount of light in the nearby environment. Sometimes they present supernumerary eyes. At the anterior part of the body, behind the eyes level, they have two of structures called auricles that give the triangle look to the &#8216;head&#8217; and that allow them to detect the intensity of water current. These auricles are free of pigment and rhabdites. Each side of the anterior margin of the head have between 5 and 10 shallow sensory fossae, their number depends on the species or the individual. The sensory fossae and the auricle grooves are supplied with many nerve endings.[3]Dugesia digestion tract consists of a central non-pigmented tubular pharynx. Like the other triclads, Dugesia&#8217;s gut consists in three ramified branches. Each branch consists of ceca, which delivers the nutrients to the body.  This worm has a sac digestive plan, that is, it does not have a separate opening for waste excretion.[4]Subepidermal musculature is divided in four layers.[3]In Dugesia the ovaries are ventrally situated, they start just behind the brain, usually at the level of the fourth intestinal branch. The bursal canal runs on the right side of the copulatory apparatus and above the atrium.[3] Like some Neppia species, Dugesia have a third layer of longitudinal musculature over the vaginal area of the bursal canal. This feature is not present in other triclads. Another feature shared with Neppia is the presence of a glandular area at the transicional area between the seminal vesicle and the ejaculatory duct, although in Dugesia these glands are concentrated at the diaphragm, a structure not present in any other genera.[5] Ball proposed that the presence of this glands was a synapomorphy of Dugesia and Neppia. The absence of these glands in some Neppia species (N. jeanneli, N. montana and N. schubarti) is thought to be a secondary loss.[6]Reproduction[edit]They are hermaphrodites. Many species can reproduce both sexually and asexually (by parthenogenesis or by fission).[7]Phylogeny and taxonomy[edit]Dugesia species have not enough morphological characters to find out which are the relationships between them. Furthermore, those available use to contradict each other. Dugesia species are identified by the combination of diagnostic characters instead of different apomorphies. Over 70 species within the genus Dugesia have been described.[2]Phylogeny[edit]    Dugesia sp. related to Dugesia liguriensis from Catalonia.Phylogenetic tree including five dugesiid genera after \u00c1lvarez-Presas et al., 2008:[8]Molecular phylogeny of 13 Dugesia species after L\u00e1zaro et al., 2009:[9]Molecular phylogeny of Dugesia species after Sol\u00e0 et al., 2013:[10]Species[edit]The following species are currently recognised in the genus Dugesia:[11]Dugesia absoloni (Komarek, 1919)Dugesia adunca Chen &#038; Sluys, 2022[12]Dugesia aenigma De Vries, 1984Dugesia aethiopica Stocchino, Corso, Manconi &#038; Pala, 2002Dugesia afromontana Stocchino &#038; Sluys, 2012Dugesia andamanensis (Kaburaki, 1925)Dugesia annandalei (Kaburaki, 1918)Dugesia arabica Harrath &#038; Sluys, 2013Dugesia arcadia De Vries, 1988Dugesia ariadnae De Vries, 1984Dugesia artesiana Sluys &#038; Grant, 2007Dugesia astrocheta Marcus, 1953Dugesia aurea Leria, 2020Dugesia austroasiatica Kawakatsu, 1985Dugesia bactriana de Beauchamp, 1959Dugesia bakurianica Porfirieva, 1958Dugesia batuensis Ball, 1970Dugesia benazzii Lepori, 1951Dugesia bengalensis Kawakatsu, 1983Dugesia biblica Benazzi &#038; Banchetti, 1973Dugesia bifida Stocchino &#038; Sluys, 2014Dugesia bijuga Harrath &#038; Sluys, 2019Dugesia borneana Kawakatsu, 1972Dugesia brachycephala (Bohmig, 1897)Dugesia brigantii De Vries &#038; Benazzi, 1983Dugesia burmaensis (Kaburaki, 1918)Dugesia capensis Sluys, 2007Dugesia chichkovi (Hranova, 1929)Dugesia circumcisa Chen &#038; Dong, 2021[13]Dugesia constrictiva Chen &#038; Dong, 2022[14]Dugesia corbata Leria, 2020Dugesia cretica (Meixner, 1928)Dugesia damoae De Vries, 1984Dugesia debeauchampi De Vries, 1988Dugesia deharvengi Kawakatsu &#038; Mitchell, 1989Dugesia didiaphragma De Vries, 1988Dugesia dubia (Borelli, 1895)Dugesia ectophysa Marcus, 1953Dugesia elegans De Vries, 1984Dugesia etrusca Benazzi, 1944Dugesia fissipara (Kennel, 1888)Dugesia foeni Ball, 1977Dugesia fontinalis (Nurse, 1950)Dugesia gemmulata Sun &#038; Wang, 2022[15]Dugesia golanica Bromley &#038; Benazzi, 1991Dugesia gonocephala (Duges, 1830)Dugesia gonocephaloides Girard, 1850Dugesia hepta Pala, Casu &#038; Vacca, 1981Dugesia hoernesi (Weiss, 1909)Dugesia hymanae (Sivickis, 1928)Dugesia iheringii (Bohmig, 1887)Dugesia ilvana Lepori, 1948Dugesia indica Kawakatsu, 1969Dugesia indonesiana Kawakatsu, 1973Dugesia iranica Livanov, 1951Dugesia izuensis Kato, 1943Dugesia japonica Ichikawa &#038; Kawakatsu, 1964Dugesia krishnaswamyi Kawakatsu, 1975Dugesia lamottei de Beauchamp, 1952Dugesia lanzai Banchetti &#038; del Papa, 1972Dugesia lata (Sivickis, 1923)Dugesia laurentiana (Borelli, 1897)Dugesia leclerci Kawakatsu &#038; Mitchel, 1995Dugesia leporii Pala, Stocchino, Corso &#038; Casu, 2000Dugesia libanica Bromley &#038; Benazzi, 1991Dugesia liguriensis De Vries, 1988Dugesia lindbergi de Beauchamp, 1959Dugesia machadoi de Beauchamp, 1952Dugesia maculata (Leidy, 1847)Dugesia maghrebiana Stocchino, Manconi, Corso, Sluys, Casu &#038; Pala, 2009Dugesia majuscula Chen &#038; Dong, 2021Dugesia malickyi De Vries, 1984Dugesia mertoni (Steinmann, 1914)Dugesia michaelsoni (Bohmig, 1902)Dugesia microbursalis (Hyman, 1931)Dugesia milloti Beauchamp, 1952Dugesia minotauros De Vries, 1984Dugesia mirabilis De Vries, 1988Dugesia modesta Girard, 1893Dugesia monomyoda Marcus, 1953Dugesia montana Nurse, 1950Dugesia myopa De Vries, 1988Dugesia nannophallus Ball, 1970Dugesia nansheae De Vries, 1988Dugesia neumanni (Neppi, 1904)Dugesia nonatoi Marcus, 1946Dugesia notogaea Sluys &#038; Kawakatsu, 1998Dugesia novaguineana Kawakatsu, 1976Dugesia polyorchis (Fuhrmann, 1912)Dugesia precaucasica Porfirieva, 1958Dugesia pustulata Harrath &#038; Sluys, 2019Dugesia rincona Marcus, 1954Dugesia ryukyuensis Kawakatsu, 1976Dugesia sagitta (Schmidt, 1861)Dugesia schauinslandi (Neppi, 1904)Dugesia seclusa (de Beauchamp, 1940)Dugesia semiglobosa Chen &#038; Dong, 2021Dugesia siamana Kawakatsu, 1980Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948Dugesia similis (Bohmig, 1902)Dugesia sinensis Chen &#038; Wang, 2015Dugesia subtentaculata (Draparnaud, 1801)Dugesia superioris Stocchino &#038; Sluys, 2013Dugesia tamilensis Kawakatsu, 1980Dugesia tanganyikae (Laidlaw, 1906)Dugesia taurocaucasica (Livanov, 1951)Dugesia transcaucasica (Livanov, 1951)Dugesia tubqalis Harrath &#038; Sluys, 2012Dugesia tumida Chen &#038; Sluys, 2022[12]Dugesia uenorum Kawakatsu &#038; Mitchel, 1995Dugesia umbonata Song &#038; Wang, 2020Dugesia venusta (Bohmig, 1897)Dugesia verrucula Chen &#038; Dong, 2021)[13]Dugesia vestibularis De Vries, 1988Dugesia wytegrensis (Sabussow, 1907),References[edit]^ Girard (1851). Essay on the classification of Nemertes and Planariae, preceded by some general considerations on the primary divisions of the animal kingdom. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 4th Mtg, New Haven, Conn., Aug 1850, pages 258-273. Washington 1851.^ a b c Sluys, Ronald; Kawakatsu, Masaharu; Winsor, Leigh (October 1998). &#8220;The genus Dugesia in Australia, with its phylogenetic analysis and historical biogeography (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)&#8221;. Zoologica Scripta. 27 (4): 273\u2013290. doi:10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1998.tb00461.x. S2CID\u00a085102452.^ a b c Vries, Elizabeth J. (April 1988). &#8220;A synopsis of the nominal species of the subgenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Paludicola) from Africa and Madagascar&#8221;. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 92 (4): 345\u2013382. doi:10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01729.x.^ Gilbertson L. (1999). Zoology Lab Manual. McGraw Hill Companies, New York; ISBN\u00a00-07-237716-X (fourth edition, 1999).^ Ball. I. R. (1974). A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). In Biology of the Turbellaria: 339-401. Riser, N. W. &#038; Morse, M. P. (Eds). New York:McGraw-Hill.^ Vries, Elizabeth J.; Sluys, Ronald (January 1991). &#8220;Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)&#8221;. Journal of Zoology. 223 (1): 103\u2013116. doi:10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1991.tb04752.x.^ Lentati, G. Benazzi (1966). &#8220;Amphimixis and pseudogamy in fresh-water triclads: Experimental reconstitution of polyploid pseudogamic biotypes&#8221;. Chromosoma. 20 (1): 1\u201314. doi:10.1007\/BF00331894. S2CID\u00a021654518.^ \u00c1lvarez-Presas, Marta; Bagu\u00f1\u00e0, Jaume; Riutort, Marta (May 2008). &#8220;Molecular phylogeny of land and freshwater planarians (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes): From freshwater to land and back&#8221;. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (2): 555\u2013568. doi:10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.01.032. PMID\u00a018359250.^ L\u00e1zaro, Eva M.; Sluys, Ronald; Pala, Maria; Stocchino, Giacinta Angela; Bagu\u00f1\u00e0, Jaume; Riutort, Marta (September 2009). &#8220;Molecular barcoding and phylogeography of sexual and asexual freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia in the Western Mediterranean (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)&#8221;. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (3): 835\u2013845. doi:10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.04.022. PMID\u00a019435604.^ Sol\u00e0, Eduard; Sluys, Ronald; Gritzalis, Konstantinos; Riutort, Marta (March 2013). &#8220;Fluvial basin history in the northeastern Mediterranean region underlies dispersal and speciation patterns in the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)&#8221;. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (3): 877\u2013888. doi:10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.11.010. PMID\u00a023182762.^ &#8220;WoRMS &#8211; World Register of Marine Species &#8211; Dugesia Girard, 1850&#8221;. www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2021-10-21.^ a b Chen, Guang-wen; Wang, Lei; Wu, Fan; Sun, Xiao-juan; Dong, Zi-mei; Sluys, Ronald; Yu, Fei; Yu-wen, Yan-qing; Liu, De-zeng (23 May 2022). &#8220;Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the subtropical monsoon region in Southern China, with a discussion on reproductive modalities&#8221;. BMC Zoology. 7 (1). doi:10.1186\/s40850-022-00127-8. eISSN\u00a02056-3132.^ a b Wang, Lei; Chen, Jin-zi; Dong, Zi-mei; Chen, Guang-wen; Sluys, Ronald; Liu, De-zeng (8 September 2021). &#8220;Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China&#8221;. ZooKeys. 1059: 89\u2013116. doi:10.3897\/zookeys.1059.65633. eISSN\u00a01313-2970. ISSN\u00a01313-2989. PMC\u00a08443540. PMID\u00a034594150.^ Wang, Lei; Wang, Yixuan; Dong, Zimei; Chen, Guangwen; Sluys, Ronald; Liu, Dezeng (15 December 2021). &#8220;Integrative taxonomy unveils a new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the southern portion of the Taihang Mountains in northern China, with the description of its complete mitogenome and an exploratory analysis of mitochondrial gene order as a taxonomic character&#8221;. Integrative Zoology. doi:10.1111\/1749-4877.12605. eISSN\u00a01749-4877. ISSN\u00a01749-4877. PMID\u00a034783153.^ Liu, Yi; Song, Xiao-Yu; Sun, Zhong-Yin; Li, Wei-Xuan; Sluys, Ronald; Li, Shuang-Fei; Wang, An-Tai (29 June 2022). &#8220;Addition to the known diversity of Chinese freshwater planarians: integrative description of a new species of Dugesia Girard, 1850 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)&#8221;. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 98 (2): 233\u2013243. doi:10.3897\/zse.98.83184. eISSN\u00a01860-0743. ISSN\u00a01435-1935.External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/dugesia-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Dugesia &#8211; Wikipedia"}}]}]