[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/environmental-issues-in-bolivia-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/environmental-issues-in-bolivia-wikipedia\/","headline":"Environmental issues in Bolivia – Wikipedia","name":"Environmental issues in Bolivia – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Major environmental issues in Bolivia include managing its forests, preserving the country’s levels of biodiversity,","datePublished":"2014-03-27","dateModified":"2014-03-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/environmental-issues-in-bolivia-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":2912,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMajor environmental issues in Bolivia include managing its forests, preserving the country’s levels of biodiversity, maintaining ecologically important protected areas, coping with the effects of climate change, and dealing with the environmental consequences of agriculture, mining, oil and gas development, and transportation infrastructure.[1][2]Bolivia\u2019s history of slash-and-burn agriculture, overgrazing, and industrial pollution has caused significant concern among environmentalists. Soil erosion, made worse by seasonal flooding, and contaminated water supplies are Bolivia\u2019s most pressing environmental problems. The National Service for Protected Areas, established in 1998, currently manages 21 protected areas.Deforestation[edit]Bolivia holds an important share of global forest cover. As of 2015[update], its primary forest cover was 36.2 million hectares, the 13th largest national area in the world and representing 2.8% of the worldwide total.[3] It is the country with the seventh largest amount of tropical rainforest. Overall, forests made up 51.4 million hectares, 46.8% of the country’s total area, in 2013.[4] Both primary forest and overall forest cover have been declining in recent decades.Bolivia has 7.7 percent of the Amazon rainforest within its borders.[5]Bolivia had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 8.47\/10, ranking it 21st globally out of 172 countries.[6]Annual deforestation averaged 173,994 hectares in net forest lost per year between 1990 and 2000, and 243,120 hectares per year between 2000 and 2010.[7]Forest Cover in Bolivia by Type of Forest (2013)Forest TypeArea(ha)Percentof forestPercentof Bolivia1Amazon forest19,402,38837.717.72Chaco forest9,098,16217.78.33Chiquitano forest8,645,84916.87.94Yungas forest6,565,99412.86.05Tucumano forest3,322,8856.53.06Flooded forest3,047,5985.92.87Pantanal forest1,147,4012.21.08Dry inter-Andean forest172,2270.30.29Andean forest4,4960.010.0Total forest, 201351,407,00010046.8Source: MMAyA-OTCA, summarized by Andersen et al 2016:S1.[4]References[edit]^ Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo en Bolivia. “Medio Ambiente y Energ\u00eda: Enfoque”. El PNUD en Bolivia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-08-13.^ Castro, M\u00f3nica; Ferrufino, Rub\u00e9n; Taucer, Evelyn; Zeballos, Hern\u00e1n (2014). El Estado del Medio Ambiente en Bolivia. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundaci\u00f3n Milenio & Fundaci\u00f3n Konrad Adenauer. (PDF).^ a b Morales-Hidalgo, David; Oswalt, Sonja N.; Somanathan, E. (2015-09-07). “Status and trends in global primary forest, protected areas, and areas designated for conservation of biodiversity from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015”. Forest Ecology and Management. Changes in Global Forest Resources from 1990 to 2015. 352: 68\u201377. doi:10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.06.011. ISSN\u00a00378-1127.^ a b Andersen, Lykke E.; Doyle, Anna Sophia; Granado, Susana del; Ledezma, Juan Carlos; Medinaceli, Agnes; Valdivia, Montserrat; Weinhold, Diana (2016-03-18). “Net Carbon Emissions from Deforestation in Bolivia during 1990-2000 and 2000-2010: Results from a Carbon Bookkeeping Model”. PLOS ONE. 11 (3): \u20130151241. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1151241A. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0151241. ISSN\u00a01932-6203. PMC\u00a04798530. PMID\u00a026990865. Included in Supplemental Material S1.^ Coca-Castro, Alejandro; Reymondin, Louis; Bellfield, Helen; Hyman, Glenn (January 2013), Land use Status and Trends in Amazonia (PDF), Amazonia Security Agenda Project, archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2016, retrieved August 25, 2019^ Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). “Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material”. Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. doi:10.1038\/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN\u00a02041-1723. PMC\u00a07723057. PMID\u00a033293507.^ Andersen, Lykke E.; Doyle, Anna Sophia; Granado, Susana del; Ledezma, Juan Carlos; Medinaceli, Agnes; Valdivia, Montserrat; Weinhold, Diana (2016-03-18). “Net Carbon Emissions from Deforestation in Bolivia during 1990-2000 and 2000-2010: Results from a Carbon Bookkeeping Model”. PLOS ONE. 11 (3): \u20130151241. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1151241A. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0151241. ISSN\u00a01932-6203. PMC\u00a04798530. PMID\u00a026990865. Table 6."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/environmental-issues-in-bolivia-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Environmental issues in Bolivia – Wikipedia"}}]}]