[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/francisco-mojica-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/francisco-mojica-wikipedia\/","headline":"Francisco Mojica &#8211; Wikipedia","name":"Francisco Mojica &#8211; Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Microbiologist Francisco Juan Mart\u00ednez Mojica[a] (born 5 October 1963) is a Spanish molecular biologist and","datePublished":"2017-01-29","dateModified":"2017-01-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png","height":"16","width":"12"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/francisco-mojica-wikipedia\/","wordCount":9021,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMicrobiologistFrancisco Juan Mart\u00ednez Mojica[a] (born 5 October 1963) is a Spanish molecular biologist and microbiologist at the University of Alicante in Spain. He is known for his discovery of repetitive, functional DNA sequences in bacteria which he named CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). These were later developed into the first widespread genome editing tool, CRISPR-Cas9.[1]Table of ContentsEarly life and education[edit]Career and research[edit]The discovery of CRISPR[edit]CRISPR as a microbial immune system[edit]Awards and honors[edit]Honorary Degrees received[edit]Publications[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Early life and education[edit]Mojica was born in Elche, Spain, on 5 October 1963. He attended Los Andes elementary school, V\u00e1zquez de Mella school, and Instituto Carrus high school. He enrolled first at the University of Murcia to study biology and later moved to the University of Valencia (BS, 1986) and University of Alicante (PhD, 1993). During his doctoral studies, he visited Paris-Sud University. He then received post-doctoral training at the University of Utah and the University of Oxford. Since 1994, Mojica has been a faculty member at the University of Alicante, where he has focused on molecular microbiology, which led to his discovery of the CRISPR system.Career and research[edit]The discovery of CRISPR[edit]Mojica was the first researcher to characterize what is now called a CRISPR locus, reported in 1993. Part of the sequence was reported previously by Yoshizumi Ishino in 1987. Mojica described the complete gene sequence repeats in the archaeal organisms Haloferax and Haloarcula species, and studied their function.[2] He continued research on these sequences throughout the 1990s, and in 2000, Mojica recognized that what had been reported as disparate repeat sequences actually shared a common set of features, now known to be the hallmarks of CRISPR sequences. He coined the term CRISPR through correspondence with Ruud Jansen of Utrecht University, proposing the acronym of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats to alleviate the confusion stemming from the numerous acronyms used to describe the sequences in scientific literature.CRISPR as a microbial immune system[edit]In 2003, Mojica wrote the first paper suggesting that CRISPR was an innate microbial immune system. The paper was rejected by a series of high-profile journals, including Nature, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Molecular Microbiology and Nucleic Acids Research, before finally being accepted by Journal of Molecular Evolution in February, 2005.[3][4]Awards and honors[edit]Honorary Degrees received[edit]Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain, 2017.[8]National University of Quilmes, Argentina, 2018.[9]University of Valencia, Spain, 2018.[10]Men\u00e9ndez Pelayo International University, Spain, 2019.[11]University of Murcia, Spain, 2019.[12]Publications[edit](A selection from those mentioned in the institutional page of the Universidad de Alicante,[13] and those referred by Lander in the article The Heroes of CRISPR[14])Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Garrett, Roger A. (13 December 2012). &#8220;Discovery and Seminal Developments in the CRISPR Field&#8221;. CRISPR-Cas Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007\/978-3-642-34657-6_1. ISBN\u00a0978-3-642-34656-9.Mojica, F. J. M.; Juez, G.; Rodriguez-Valera, F. (1993). &#8220;Transcription at different salinities of Haloferax mediterranei sequences adjacent to partially modified PstI sites&#8221;. Molecular Microbiology. Wiley. 9 (3): 613\u2013621. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01721.x. ISSN\u00a00950-382X. PMID\u00a08412707. S2CID\u00a023548049.Mojica, F.J.M.; Ferrer, C.; Juez, G.; Rodr\u00edguez-Valera, F. (1995). &#8220;Long stretches of short tandem repeats are present in the largest replicons of the Archaea Haloferax mediterranei and Haloferax volcanii and could be involved in replicon partitioning&#8221;. Molecular Microbiology. Wiley. 17 (1): 85\u201393. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17010085.x. ISSN\u00a00950-382X. PMID\u00a07476211. S2CID\u00a024330250.Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Diez-Villasenor, Cesar; Soria, Elena; Juez, Guadalupe (2000). &#8220;Biological significance of a family of regularly spaced repeats in the genomes of Archaea, Bacteria and mitochondria&#8221;. Molecular Microbiology. Wiley. 36 (1): 244\u2013246. doi:10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01838.x. ISSN\u00a00950-382X. PMID\u00a010760181. S2CID\u00a022216574.Mojica, Francisco J.M.; D\u0131\u0301ez-Villase\u00f1or, Chc)sar; Garc\u0131\u0301a-Mart\u0131\u0301nez, Jes\u00fas; Soria, Elena (2005). &#8220;Intervening Sequences of Regularly Spaced Prokaryotic Repeats Derive from Foreign Genetic Elements&#8221;. Journal of Molecular Evolution. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 60 (2): 174\u2013182. Bibcode:2005JMolE..60..174M. doi:10.1007\/s00239-004-0046-3. ISSN\u00a00022-2844. PMID\u00a015791728. S2CID\u00a027481111.Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Garrett, Roger A. (13 December 2012). &#8220;Discovery and Seminal Developments in the CRISPR Field&#8221;. CRISPR-Cas Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007\/978-3-642-34657-6_1. ISBN\u00a0978-3-642-34656-9.Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Alkhnbashi, Omer S.; Costa, Fabrizio; Shah, Shiraz A.; Saunders, Sita J.; Barrangou, Rodolphe; Brouns, Stan J. J.; Charpentier, Emmanuelle; Haft, Daniel H.; Horvath, Philippe; Moineau, Sylvain; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Terns, Rebecca M.; Terns, Michael P.; White, Malcolm F.; Yakunin, Alexander F.; Garrett, Roger A.; van der Oost, John; Backofen, Rolf; Koonin, Eugene V. (28 September 2015). &#8220;An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR\u2013Cas systems&#8221;. Nature Reviews Microbiology. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 13 (11): 722\u2013736. doi:10.1038\/nrmicro3569. ISSN\u00a01740-1526. PMC\u00a05426118. PMID\u00a026411297.Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez, Enriqueta; Almendros, Crist\u00f3bal; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Guzm\u00e1n, Noem\u00ed M.; Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, Jes\u00fas (2 July 2015).  Wang, Tony (ed.). &#8220;CRISPR Content Correlates with the Pathogenic Potential of Escherichia coli&#8221;. PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 10 (7): e0131935. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031935G. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0131935. ISSN\u00a01932-6203. PMC\u00a04489801. PMID\u00a026136211.Almendros, Crist\u00f3bal; Mojica, Francisco J. M. (2015). &#8220;Exploring CRISPR Interference by Transformation with Plasmid Mixtures: Identification of Target Interference Motifs in Escherichia coli&#8221;. Methods in Molecular Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol.\u00a01311. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp.\u00a0161\u2013170. doi:10.1007\/978-1-4939-2687-9_10. ISBN\u00a0978-1-4939-2686-2. ISSN\u00a01064-3745. PMID\u00a025981472.Almendros, Crist\u00f3bal; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C\u00e9sar; Guzm\u00e1n, Noem\u00ed M.; Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, Jes\u00fas (28 February 2014).  Davies, Julian E. (ed.). &#8220;CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in Escherichia coli&#8221;. mBio. American Society for Microbiology. 5 (1): e00767-13. doi:10.1128\/mbio.00767-13. ISSN\u00a02161-2129. PMC\u00a03903273. PMID\u00a024473126.Mojica, Francisco J.M.; D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C\u00e9sar (2013). &#8220;Right of admission reserved, no matter the path&#8221;. Trends in Microbiology. Elsevier BV. 21 (9): 446\u2013448. doi:10.1016\/j.tim.2013.06.003. ISSN\u00a00966-842X. PMID\u00a023810125.Shah, Shiraz A.; Erdmann, Susanne; Mojica, Francisco J.M.; Garrett, Roger A. (12 February 2013). &#8220;Protospacer recognition motifs&#8221;. RNA Biology. Informa UK Limited. 10 (5): 891\u2013899. doi:10.4161\/rna.23764. ISSN\u00a01547-6286. PMC\u00a03737346. PMID\u00a023403393.D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C\u00e9sar; Guzm\u00e1n, Noem\u00ed M.; Almendros, Crist\u00f3bal; Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, Jes\u00fas; Mojica, Francisco J.M. (27 February 2013). &#8220;CRISPR-spacer integration reporter plasmids reveal distinct genuine acquisition specificities among CRISPR-Cas I-E variants ofEscherichia coli&#8221;. RNA Biology. Informa UK Limited. 10 (5): 792\u2013802. doi:10.4161\/rna.24023. ISSN\u00a01547-6286. PMC\u00a03737337. PMID\u00a023445770.Almendros, Crist\u00f3bal; Guzm\u00e1n, Noem\u00ed M.; D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C\u00e9sar; Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, Jes\u00fas; Mojica, Francisco J. M. (26 November 2012).  Mokrousov, Igor (ed.). &#8220;Target Motifs Affecting Natural Immunity by a Constitutive CRISPR-Cas System in Escherichia coli&#8221;. PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 7 (11): e50797. Bibcode:2012PLoSO&#8230;750797A. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0050797. ISSN\u00a01932-6203. PMC\u00a03506596. PMID\u00a023189210.Garcia-Heredia, Inmaculada; Martin-Cuadrado, Ana-Belen; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Santos, Fernando; Mira, Alex; Ant\u00f3n, Josefa; Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco (30 March 2012).  Liles, Mark R. (ed.). &#8220;Reconstructing Viral Genomes from the Environment Using Fosmid Clones: The Case of Haloviruses&#8221;. PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 7 (3): e33802. Bibcode:2012PLoSO&#8230;733802G. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0033802. ISSN\u00a01932-6203. PMC\u00a03316494. PMID\u00a022479446.Makarova, Kira S.; Haft, Daniel H.; Barrangou, Rodolphe; Brouns, Stan J. J.; Charpentier, Emmanuelle; Horvath, Philippe; Moineau, Sylvain; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Yakunin, Alexander F.; van der Oost, John; Koonin, Eugene V. (9 May 2011). &#8220;Evolution and classification of the CRISPR\u2013Cas systems&#8221;. Nature Reviews Microbiology. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 9 (6): 467\u2013477. doi:10.1038\/nrmicro2577. ISSN\u00a01740-1526. PMC\u00a03380444. PMID\u00a021552286.Mojica, Francisco J. M.; D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C\u00e9sar (2010). &#8220;The on-off switch of CRISPR immunity against phages in Escherichia coli&#8221;. Molecular Microbiology. Wiley. 77 (6): 1341\u20131345. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07326.x. ISSN\u00a00950-382X. PMID\u00a020860086. S2CID\u00a030143543.Miquel, Sylvie; Peyretaillade, Eric; Claret, Laurent; de Vall\u00e9e, Am\u00e9lie; Dossat, Carole; Vacherie, Benoit; Zineb, El Hajji; Segurens, Beatrice; Barbe, Valerie; Sauvanet, Pierre; Neut, Christel; Colombel, Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric; Medigue, Claudine; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Peyret, Pierre; Bonnet, Richard; Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette (17 September 2010).  Ahmed, Niyaz (ed.). &#8220;Complete Genome Sequence of Crohn&#8217;s Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive E. coli Strain LF82&#8221;. PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 5 (9): e12714. Bibcode:2010PLoSO&#8230;512714M. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0012714. ISSN\u00a01932-6203. PMC\u00a02941450. PMID\u00a020862302.D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C.; Almendros, C.; Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, J.; Mojica, F. J. M. (1 May 2010). &#8220;Diversity of CRISPR loci in Escherichia coli&#8221;. Microbiology. Microbiology Society. 156 (5): 1351\u20131361. doi:10.1099\/mic.0.036046-0. ISSN\u00a01350-0872.Mojica, F. J. M.; D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C.; Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, J.; Almendros, C. (1 March 2009). &#8220;Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system&#8221;. Microbiology. Microbiology Society. 155 (3): 733\u2013740. doi:10.1099\/mic.0.023960-0. ISSN\u00a01350-0872. PMID\u00a019246744.References[edit]NotesSources^ Ledford, Heidi (January 2017), &#8220;Five big mysteries about CRISPR&#8217;s origins&#8221;, Nature, 541 (7637): 280\u2013282, Bibcode:2017Natur.541..280L, doi:10.1038\/541280a, PMID\u00a028102279, S2CID\u00a04458992^ Mojica, F. J. M.; Juez, G.; Rodriguez-Valera, F. (1993). &#8220;Transcription at different salinities of Haloferax mediterranei sequences adjacent to partially modified PstI sites&#8221;. Molecular Microbiology. Wiley. 9 (3): 613\u2013621. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01721.x. ISSN\u00a00950-382X. PMID\u00a08412707. S2CID\u00a023548049.^ Mojica, Francisco J. M.; D\u00edez-Villase\u00f1or, C\u00e9sar; Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, Jes\u00fas; Soria, Elena (February 2005). &#8220;Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements&#8221;. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 60 (2): 174\u2013182. Bibcode:2005JMolE..60..174M. doi:10.1007\/s00239-004-0046-3. ISSN\u00a00022-2844. PMID\u00a015791728. S2CID\u00a027481111. Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ Lander, Eric S. (2016). &#8220;The Heroes of CRISPR&#8221;. Cell. 164 (1\u20132): 18\u201328. doi:10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.041. ISSN\u00a00092-8674. PMID\u00a026771483.^ Albany Medical Center. Gene Editing Pioneers Selected to Receive America\u2019s Most Distinguished Prize in Medicine, August 15, 2017^ &#8220;PLuS Alliance Prize 2017 winners announced&#8221;. King\u2019s College London. Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ &#8220;Francisco Mart\u00ednez Mojica. Frontiers Of Knowledge Laureate. Biology and Biomedicine. 9th Edition&#8221;. Frontiers of Knowledge Awards. Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ &#8220;Mart\u00ednez Mojica, honoris causa por la UPV&#8221;. Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (in Spanish). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ &#8220;El padre de la t\u00e9cnica CRISPR recibi\u00f3 el t\u00edtulo de Doctor Honoris Causa de la UNQ&#8221;. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ &#8220;Francisco Mart\u00ednez Mojica, doctor &#8220;honoris causa&#8221;&#8220;. Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia (in Spanish). 11 January 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ &#8220;El microbi\u00f3logo Francis Mojica recibe el Doctor Honoris Causa en la UIMP &#8211; UIMP&#8221;. Universidad Internacional Men\u00e9ndez Pelayo (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ &#8220;Francisco J. Mart\u00ednez Mojica, descubridor de las revolucionarias t\u00e9cnicas CRISPR, nuevo doctor Honoris Causa por la UMU&#8221;. Universidad de Murcia (in European Spanish). 13 November 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2020.^ &#8220;Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental &#8211; Francisco Juan Mart\u00ednez Mojica&#8221;, Universidad de Alicante, retrieved 1 August 2017^ Lander, Eric S. (2016), &#8220;The Heroes of CRISPR&#8221;, Cell, 164 (1\u20132): 18\u201328, doi:10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.041, ISSN\u00a00092-8674, PMID\u00a026771483External links[edit] Media related to Francisco Juan Mart\u00ednez Mojica at Wikimedia Commons"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/francisco-mojica-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Francisco Mojica &#8211; Wikipedia"}}]}]