[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/frank-szecsenyi-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/frank-szecsenyi-wikipedia\/","headline":"Frank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi – Wikipedia","name":"Frank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Hungarian baron Frank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi (Hungarian: Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi Frank; died 1408), also Francis, was a Hungarian baron and military leader, who","datePublished":"2015-04-06","dateModified":"2015-04-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Castle_of_Holloko_with_Panorama.JPG\/280px-Castle_of_Holloko_with_Panorama.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Castle_of_Holloko_with_Panorama.JPG\/280px-Castle_of_Holloko_with_Panorama.JPG","height":"210","width":"280"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/frank-szecsenyi-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":3072,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Hungarian baronFrank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi (Hungarian: Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi Frank; died 1408), also Francis, was a Hungarian baron and military leader, who was a staunch supporter of King Sigismund of Luxembourg. He participated in various military campaigns against the Ottoman Empire. In 1401, he joined the magnate conspiracy against Sigismund, but returned to the king’s allegiance shortly thereafter, retaining his political influence until his death.Frank was born into the influential Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi family as one of the three sons of K\u00f3nya Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi, Ban of Croatia and Elizabeth Haschendorfer, a daughter of Austrian noble Wulfing Haschendorfer from Haschendorf\/Hasfalva (today part of Neckenmarkt in Austria). His brothers were Nicholas (last mentioned in 1383) and Simon, also a baron and his strongest ally at political level. The Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi family originated from the Kacsics clan. Frank’s grandfather was Thomas Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi, who rose to prominence during King Charles I’s war against the oligarchs and received numerous land donations thereafter.Indicating the social status of his family, Frank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi married Catherine Kont, the daughter of Nicholas Kont, Palatine of Hungary, who was one of the leading magnates of King Louis I of Hungary. They had two children, Ladislaus II and Elizabeth. After his wife’s death, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi married to Anne Liszk\u00f3i, the widow of Ladislaus Mikcsfi around 1393. The marriage produced two further daughters: Dorothea, who married Stibor II of Stiboricz, and Catherine.[2]Table of ContentsEarly career[edit]Sigismund’s partisan[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]Early career[edit]His permanent seat was Holl\u00f3k\u0151 Castle, therefore he was frequently mentioned as Frank of Holl\u00f3k\u0151 in contemporary documents. He first appeared in a charter in 1369 as an adult, when he was already legally able to act in possession cases. He was next mentioned in 1372, still without any specific honorary titles or dignities. In the next year, now as magister, he led one of the Hungarian auxiliary troops in Italy to provide assistance to the Carraresi (or da Carrara) family and their paterfamilias Francesco I, Lord of Padua, who fought a fruitless war against his powerful neighbor, the Republic of Venice, also a major enemy of Louis I. Returning home, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi was appointed isp\u00e1n of Vas and Sopron Counties in 1374. Beside that he also functioned as castellan of the castle of K\u0151szeg. He held simultaneously these three positions until 1379. A royal charter from August 1378 also referred to him as isp\u00e1n of the adjacent Zala County. Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi was listed among the barons of the realm since 1380. He participated in Charles of Durazzo’s war against Queen Joanna I of Naples in the first half of 1381. Following the death of Louis I, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi was made head of S\u00e1ros County by Queen Mary, serving in this capacity from 1382 to 1383. He again served as isp\u00e1n of Vas and Sopron Counties and castellan of K\u0151szeg in the turbulent years of 1382\u201386 and as isp\u00e1n of Zala County in 1383. As a supporter of the Queens against Charles of Durazzo, who claimed the Hungarian throne, in this respect, he was responsible for the protection of southern border at Slavonia against Charles’ supporters, who rebelled against the rule of Mary.Sigismund’s partisan[edit]         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi brothers were one of the earliest domestic partisans of Sigismund of Luxembourg, who arrived to Hungary to validate the marriage agreement with Queen Mary. Sigismund established a court as Margrave of Brandenburg, after permanently settled in Hungary following the Treaty of Gy\u0151r. On several occasions, Frank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi instructed the chancellery’s clerks to issue charters. After the queens’ capture and imprisonment, Sigismund’ influence grew which reached its peak at the rescue of Mary and his coronation as co-ruler on 31 March 1387. For his loyalty, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi was transferred to the rich urbanized Upper Hungary, where he was installed to the positions of isp\u00e1n of Z\u00f3lyom, Hont and N\u00f3gr\u00e1d Counties, serving there until 1390. Beside the ancient family estates in the region, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi was granted numerous lands and villages by Sigismund in the following years. As lord of the territories, he took an active role in the spread of ideological legitimacy of the relatively unpopular Sigismund. Since the Angevin age, the Saint Ladislaus legend provided the subjects for numerous murals painted in medieval churches in Hungary. Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary, who was the ideal of the perfect monarch, warrior and Christian for that time, was deeply venerated by Sigismund. As donator, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi ordered the preparation of murals in the churches of Rimab\u00e1nya, Karaszk\u00f3, Ki\u00e9te and Rimabr\u00e9z\u00f3 (today Rimavsk\u00e1 Ba\u0148a, Kraskovo, Kyjatice and Rimavsk\u00e9 Brezovo in Slovakia, respectively), which depict Biblical scenes or details from the Ladislaus legend. In the latter respect, the figure of Sigismund portrayed Ladislaus, drawing parallels between the two monarchs.  A detail of mural in the Kraskovo church, which depicts the Saint Ladislaus legend with King Sigismund’s face; the soldier stands next to him is believed to be donator Frank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi, who financed the masterpieceIn 1389, Frank and Simon Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi participated in the military campaign to Serbia, which took place after the Battle of Kosovo. Both of them had been involved in the successful sieges of Bora\u010d and \u010cestin forts. Frank functioned as royal treasurer between 1392 and 1393, though he first appeared in this capacity on 10 February 1393. He was also referred to as Judge of the Jassics (Latin: iudex Philisteorum) in August 1393.Sigismund began to prepare a war against the Ottoman Empire since their Serbian invasion in 1389, which gradually revalued the role of Transylvania as a staging military area for recruitments and border defense. As a result, the king replaced the relatively militarily inexperienced Emeric Bebek with his faithful soldier Frank Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi to the dignity of Voivode of Transylvania in October 1393. Beside that, he also governed Arad County. After a brief visit in December 1393, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi arrived to the province to stay permanently by early May 1394 from the Diet in Buda, where received instructions from Sigismund. Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi sent a courtly knight Gregory Bethlen to Wallachia to negotiate with Mircea I, who maintained close relations with Sigismund, relying on their common interest in the struggle against Ottoman expansion. After Mircea had to retreat to Hungary following Bayezid’s invasion, Sigismund moved to Torda (today Turda in Romania), where Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi convened a general assembly in December 1394 to proclaim and organize insurrectio, the nobles’ “uprising” against the Ottomans. Their army crossed the Carpathian Mountains in January 1395 to force loyalty from Stephen I of Moldavia.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi financially supported the king’s efforts to organize the Crusade of Nicopolis throughout the year. In these months he was with Sigismund in Kronstadt (today Bra\u0219ov in Romania). After March, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi was entrusted to prepare the war against the usurper Vlad I of Wallachia as part of the crusade. However Stephen Losonci’s army was perished and massacred by the Ottoman\u2013Wallachian troops. Some accused that Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi deliberately did not provide an advance force for personal reasons (formerly the Losoncis plundered his three village at Szolnok in 1390). In the second half of 1395, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi participated in that campaign which attempted to restore Mircea to the Wallachian throne. Returning home, he was unable to prevent an irregular Ottoman unit to plunder Burzenland in September 1395. Immediately thereafter he was replaced as Voivode by Stibor of Stiboricz, a close friend of King Sigismund.At the end of the year, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, lasted until spring 1396. He was escorted by former vice-voivode Bartholomew Szobi, who was granted five villages in Somogy County by his travel companion after their homecoming in May 1396. When Sigismund and his royal army left the kingdom for the Crusade of Nicopolis, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi served as one of the six members of the appointed regent council \u2013 along with Master of the treasury Nicholas Kanizsai, Judge royal John P\u00e1szt\u00f3i, comes Stephen Lackfi, Voivode of Rus’ John Kaplai and his brother Desiderius Kaplai. Sigismund suffered a catastrophic defeat at Nicopolis. The disaster angered several Hungarian lords, leading to instability in the kingdom. After the emergence of the Kanizsai League and the killing of Stephen Lackfi and his followers in the Bloody Sabor of Kri\u017eevci, Sigismund appointed his most loyal men to the court dignities, including Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi, who became Judge royal in November 1397. He held the office for eleven years until his death. He was one of the three barons, who stand as a guarantor for the pledged fortune of the Jolsvai family, who tried unsuccessfully to redeem and extricate Leustach Jolsvai, former Palatine of Hungary, who had fallen into Ottoman captivity in the Battle of Nicopolis. In 1401, Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi participated in the conspiracy against Sigismund, who was imprisoned once and deposed twice in those turbulent months. After that he was pardoned and swore loyalty to the king again. Soon he joined the Sikl\u00f3s League, composed of the Garai and Cillei families, who supported Sigismund.References[edit]^ Engel: Geneal\u00f3gia (Genus Kacsics, 4. Sz\u00e9cs\u00e9nyi branch)Sources[edit]Engel, P\u00e1l (1996). Magyarorsz\u00e1g vil\u00e1gi archontol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja, 1301\u20131457, I. [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301\u20131457, Volume I] (in Hungarian). Hist\u00f3ria, MTA T\u00f6rt\u00e9nettudom\u00e1nyi Int\u00e9zete. ISBN\u00a0963-8312-44-0.Jak\u00f3, Zsigmond (1984). “H\u00e1rom erd\u00e9lyi vajda Zsigmond kir\u00e1ly kor\u00e1ban [Three Voivodes of Transylvania During the Reign of King Sigismund]”.  In H. Bal\u00e1zs, \u00c9va; F\u00fcgedi, Erik; Maksay, Ferenc (eds.). M\u00e1lyusz Elem\u00e9r eml\u00e9kk\u00f6nyv. T\u00e1rsadalom- \u00e9s m\u0171vel\u0151d\u00e9st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti tanulm\u00e1nyok (in Hungarian). Akad\u00e9miai Kiad\u00f3. pp.\u00a0189\u2013207. ISBN\u00a0963-05-3272-7.M\u00e1lyusz, Elem\u00e9r (1984). Zsigmond kir\u00e1ly uralma Magyarorsz\u00e1gon, 1387\u20131437 [The Rule of King Sigismund in Hungary, 1387\u20131437] (in Hungarian). Gondolat. ISBN\u00a0963-281-414-2.Mark\u00f3, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 (2006). A magyar \u00e1llam f\u0151m\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1gai Szent Istv\u00e1nt\u00f3l napjainkig: \u00c9letrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiad\u00f3. ISBN\u00a0963-208-970-7.Pet\u0151, Zsuzsa (2012). “Kincses Felvid\u00e9k \u2013 k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori templomok a Rima v\u00f6lgy\u00e9ben [The Treasures of Upper Hungary \u2013 Medieval churches in G\u00f6m\u00f6r]”. V\u00e1rak, kast\u00e9lyok, templomok. 8 (5): 18\u201321.So\u00f3s, Ferenc (1999). Magyarorsz\u00e1g kincstart\u00f3i, 1340\u20131540 [The royal purse-bearers of Hungary, 1340\u20131540] (in Hungarian). Argumentum. ISBN\u00a0963-446-118-2.     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