[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/kawamoto-komin-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/kawamoto-komin-wikipedia\/","headline":"Kawamoto K\u014dmin – Wikipedia","name":"Kawamoto K\u014dmin – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Kawamoto K\u014dmin (\u5ddd\u672c \u5e78\u6c11, 1810 \u2013 June 1, 1871) was a 19th-century Japanese scholar of Rangaku and also a","datePublished":"2019-04-17","dateModified":"2019-04-17","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%B8%E6%B0%91.jpg\/220px-%E5%B7%9D%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%B8%E6%B0%91.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%B8%E6%B0%91.jpg\/220px-%E5%B7%9D%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%B8%E6%B0%91.jpg","height":"279","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/kawamoto-komin-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":6515,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4  Kawamoto K\u014dmin (\u5ddd\u672c \u5e78\u6c11, 1810 \u2013 June 1, 1871) was a 19th-century Japanese scholar of Rangaku and also a doctor. His true name was Yutaka (\u88d5), art name Yuken (\u88d5\u8ed2). His father was Kawamoto Shuan (\u5ddd\u672c \u5468\u5b89), a clan doctor of Sanda Domain.[1][2] Today he is known as a “father of chemistry in Japan” thanks to his works.[3][4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4He published various publications on science and technology such as Kagaku Shinsho (\u5316\u5b66\u65b0\u66f8). Based on his specialized knowledge, he test-manufactured sugar,[a][5]match,[6][7] and daguerreotype,[6] which contributed to the development of technology in Japan. He is assumed to have brewed beer for the first time in Japan.[b][1][5][3][6] He is also noted as the first person to have used the word Kagaku (\u5316\u5b66) or chemistry, which is now the standard term for this in Japanese.[12]Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Biography[edit]After his death[edit]Major works[edit]Kikai Kanran Kogi[edit]Ensei Kiki Jutsu[edit]Kagaku Shinsho[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]External links[edit]Biography[edit]Kawamoto K\u014dmin was born in Sanda Domain (now Sanda, Hyogo) in 1810.[1][13][6]He started his education at the school of Sanda Domain at the age of 10 (in East Asian age reckoning).In 1827, he studied kampo (traditional Chinese pharmacology) at Konashi (\u6728\u68a8) Village (now Kato, Hyogo) for about a year.[13][6]Two years later in 1829, Kuki Takakuni\u00a0[ja] (\u4e5d\u9b3c\u9686\u56fd), the lord of Sanda Domain, was impressed by Kawamoto’s talent and had him study Western medicine in Edo (now Tokyo). Studying under Adachi Choshun\u00a0[ja] (\u8db3\u7acb\u9577\u96cb) and Tsuboi Nobumichi\u00a0[ja] (\u576a\u4e95\u4fe1\u9053), Kawamoto was quite at home with physics and chemistry.[13][6][11]In 1833, he followed in his father’s footsteps and was appointed to the position of clan doctor.  That same year, he married Hideko (\u79c0\u5b50), whose father was Aochi Rinso\u00a0[ja] (\u9752\u5730\u6797\u5b97).  In 1834, however, he was found guilty of having injured someone, and was sentenced to house arrest for six years.  After the house arrest, he was caught in a fire twice.  This was a dark period in his life.[13][6]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Despite this, he kept achieving great works in science and technology into the late 1840s. According to his essay Yuken Zuihitsu (\u88d5\u8ed2\u968f\u7b46), he test-manufactured white phosphorus match in 1848. He also issued many publications including translations, starting with Kikai Kanran Kogi (\u6c17\u6d77\u89b3\u703e\u5e83\u7fa9), which was published in 1851.[6]Shimazu Nariakira (\u5cf6\u6d25\u6589\u5f6c), the lord of Satsuma Domain, specifically chose Kawamoto to come to the Satsuma Domain to work as a technical adviser.[13][6] In 1859, Kawamoto became a professor at Bansho Shirabesho (\u8543\u66f8\u8abf\u6240), the predecessor of the present University of Tokyo.[13] Two years later in 1861, he published his famous Kagaku Shinsho (\u5316\u5b66\u65b0\u66f8), which introduced modern chemistry from the West to a Japanese audience. This is considered[by whom?] as one of the most important works on chemistry in the Edo period, as well as Seimi Kaiso (\u820e\u5bc6\u958b\u5b97) written by Udagawa Y\u014dan. Kawamoto’s work was used as a textbook in Bansho Shirabesho.[12]In 1868, he went back to his hometown of Sanda and opened Eiran Juku (\u82f1\u862d\u587e), a private school. The school soon became very popular and even a branch school was opened.[13][14] Later, his son Kiyojiro (\u6e05\u4e8c\u90ce) was appointed to Daj\u014d-kan, and he went up to Tokyo again accompanying his son.[13][5]On June 1, 1871, he died in Tokyo at the age of 62.[1][13][5]After his death[edit]In 1953, a monument was built in front of Sanda Elementary School in Sanda City in honor of Kawamoto.[10][15]In 2010, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Kawamoto’s birth, Konishi Brewing Company\u00a0[ja] brewed beer with the manufacturing process in those days, referring to his translation, Kagaku Shinsho (\u5316\u5b66\u65b0\u66f8), and the product has been on sale.[3][16]Japan Academy possesses various related materials including Kagaku Shinsho, which were recognized as Chemical Heritage in Japan\u00a0[ja] by Chemical Society of Japan in 2011.[17]Major works[edit]  Drawing of steamship from Ensei Kiki Jutsu  Drawing of steam engine and locomotive from Ensei Kiki JutsuKikai Kanran Kogi[edit]Kikai Kanran Kogi (\u6c17\u6d77\u89b3\u703e\u5e83\u7fa9) was first published in 1851. The book consists of five volumes. Kawamoto improved Kikai Kanran (\u6c17\u6d77\u89b3\u703e), the first book on physics in Japan, originally written by Aochi Rinso\u00a0[ja] (\u9752\u5730\u6797\u5b97), who was his father-in-law.[6][18][19][20]Ensei Kiki Jutsu[edit]Ensei Kiki Jutsu (\u9060\u897f\u5947\u5668\u8ff0) was published in 1854, a manual on many kinds of machinery and instruments such as steamship, daguerreotype, and telegraph.[21]Kagaku Shinsho[edit]Kagaku Shinsho (\u5316\u5b66\u65b0\u66f8) was published in 1861. He translated the Dutch translation of “Die Schule der Chemie” written by Julius Adolph St\u00f6ckhardt, a German scientist.[5][12][22] In the book, he used the word Kagaku (\u5316\u5b66) or chemistry for the first time instead of the word Seimi (\u820e\u5bc6), which was more popular at the time.[c][5][12]Kagaku Shinsho consists of fifteen volumes and two sections: inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. It was not printed, and its manuscripts were used as textbooks at Bansho Shirabesho, where K\u014dmin was working as a professor.[5][12] In Meiji Era he integrated it with other books on chemistry and published Kagaku Ts\u016b (\u5316\u5b66\u901a).[17]It is now considered to be one of the most prominent books on chemistry in late Edo period as well as Seimi Kais\u014d (\u820e\u5bc6\u958b\u5b97) written by Udagawa Y\u014dan. Compared to Seimi Kais\u014d the latest concepts at the time like atom, molecule, chemical compounds and chemical equation were explained in it.[5][12]The inorganic chemistry section contains detailed specifics on chemical elements and chemical compounds. It covers various elements and compounds of acids (e.g. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid), light metals (e.g. sodium, potassium) and heavy metals (e.g.manganese, cobalt, lead). K\u014dmin assigned kanji to each element as an element symbol e.g. “\u6c34”, “\u70ad”, “\u7a92” and “\u9178”, which indicate hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen for each. With this style of element symbol, for example, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was expressed like this: “\u7a92\u9178\u4e8c“, where “\u4e8c” means two in Japanese. In the explanation of chemical compounds, the concept of formation of molecules with bonding was described with figures, in which John Dalton’s atomic theory was first introduced to Japan.[5][12]\u3002In organic chemistry section, it was explained that plant component consists of four kinds of elements i.e. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The concept of isomers was explained with molecular formula. It also contains the latest knowledge at that time on organic chemistry e.g. protein, acetyl group, aldehyde and radical. In addition brewing of alcoholic drink was explained in detail. K\u014dmin is assumed to have brewed beer based on the knowledge gained through this.[5][8][9]^ He supervised test-manufacturing of sugar in Satsuma Domain, where he belonged at the time.[5]^ The legend says that he brewed beer and held a sampling party in Asakusa after the Perry Expedition, but there are no extant records showing his brew.[5][8][6][9]  Some literature,[1][10][11] however, refers clearly to his successful brewing of beer.^ The word Kagaku was not a word of his coinage, but was borrowed from Chinese book. In fact K\u014dmin wrote a book named Bany\u016b Kagaku (\u4e07\u6709\u5316\u5b66) in 1860, in which he adopted the word Kagaku for the first time. However Tokugawa shogunate prohibited the publication.[5][12]References[edit]^ a b c d e “\u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11(\u304b\u308f\u3082\u3068\u3053\u3046\u307f\u3093)\u3068\u306f\u30fc\u30b3\u30c8\u30d0\u30f3\u30af” (in Japanese). kotobank. Retrieved 2017-08-11.^ Kita 2008, p.\u00a010^ a b c Tsuji, Iwao (2011). “\u65e5\u672c\u6a4b\u8305\u5834\u753a\u3067\u9020\u3089\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30d3\u30fc\u30eb” \u5e78\u6c11\u9ea6\u9152”“ (PDF). Seibutsu-Kogaku Kaishi(\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u5b66\u4f1a\u8a8c) (in Japanese). The Society for Biotechnology, Japan\u00a0[ja]. 89 (2): 84\u201386.^ “\u521d\u3081\u3066\u30d3\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u91b8\u9020\u3057\u305f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u306f\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u5b66\u306e\u7956\u30fb\u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11\u300d\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u308b” (in Japanese). Kirin Company. Retrieved 2017-09-08.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Shiba, Tetsuo (2003). “\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u3092\u5207\u308a\u62d3\u3044\u305f\u5148\u99c6\u8005\u305f\u3061(2)\u00a0: \u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11\u3068\u5316\u5b66\u65b0\u66f8(\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u5b66\u4f1a\u5275\u7acb125\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5\u4f01\u753b 8)”. Chemistry & Education (in Japanese). Chemical Society of Japan. 51 (11): 707\u2013710. doi:10.20665\/kakyoshi.51.11_707.^ a b c d e f g h i j k Okuno 1980, pp.\u00a088\u201392^ Kita 2008, pp.\u00a07, 140^ a b “\u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11 \u9152\u30fb\u98f2\u6599\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 \u30ad\u30ea\u30f3\u6b74\u53f2\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30a2\u30e0 \u30ad\u30ea\u30f3” (in Japanese). Kirin Company. Retrieved 2017-08-11.^ a b Yamanouchi, Toshitaka (2004). “\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u30d3\u30fc\u30eb\u7523\u696d\u306e\u63fa\u7c43\u671f: \u9ea6\u9152\u91b8\u9020\u6280\u8853\u306e\u4f1d\u64ad\u3068\u7d99\u627f”. \u5927\u962a\u7523\u696d\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u55b6\u8ad6\u96c6 (in Japanese). Osaka Sangyo University. 6 (1): 93\u2013107.^ a b “\u4e09\u7530\u5e02\uff0f\u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11 \u9855\u5f70\u7891” (in Japanese). Sanda City. Retrieved 2017-08-11.^ a b “Prominent People of Minato City (K\u014dmin Kawamoto)”. Minato City. Retrieved 2017-08-11.^ a b c d e f g h Okuno 1980, pp.\u00a0130\u2013133^ a b c d e f g h i Sakanoue, Masanobu (1996). “\u5175\u5eab\u770c\u4e09\u7530\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11\u3068\u5316\u5b66\u65b0\u66f8(\u79d1\u5b66\u98a8\u571f\u8a18\u00a0: \u6c96\u7e04\u304b\u3089\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u307e\u3067)”. Chemistry & Education (in Japanese). Chemical Society of Japan. 44 (1): 14\u201315. doi:10.20665\/kakyoshi.44.1_14.^ Kita 2008, p.\u00a0269^ Kita 2008, p.\u00a0163^ “\u5e55\u672b\u306e\u30d3\u30fc\u30eb\u5fa9\u523b\u7248 \u5e78\u6c11\u9ea6\u9152 330\uff2d\uff2c” (in Japanese). Konishi Brewing Company\u00a0[ja]. Retrieved 2017-08-10.^ a b Yatsumimi, Toshifumi. “\u5316\u5b66\u907a\u7523\u306e\u7b2c2\u56de\u8a8d\u5b9a \u8a8d\u5b9a\u5316\u5b66\u907a\u7523 \u7b2c008\u53f7 \u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u58eb\u9662\u8535 \u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11 \u5316\u5b66\u95a2\u4fc2\u53f2\u6599 \u629c\u7fa4\u306e\u8a9e\u5b66\u306e\u624d\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u3082\u3063\u305f\u5ddd\u672c\u5e78\u6c11” (PDF) (in Japanese). Chemical Society of Japan. Retrieved 2017-08-11.^ Bartholomew, James R. (1989). The Formation of Science in Japan: Building a Research Tradition. Yale University Press. p.\u00a034. ISBN\u00a09780300042610.^ “\u6c17\u6d77\u89b3\u703e(\u30ad\u30ab\u30a4\u30ab\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3)\u3068\u306f – \u30b3\u30c8\u30d0\u30f3\u30af” (in Japanese). kotobank. Retrieved 2018-02-17.^ “\u6c17\u6d77\u89b3\u703e\u5e83\u7fa9(\u304d\u304b\u3044\u304b\u3093\u3089\u3093\u3053\u3046\u304e)\u3068\u306f – \u30b3\u30c8\u30d0\u30f3\u30af” (in Japanese). kotobank. Retrieved 2018-02-17.^ Okuno 1980, p.\u00a0163^ Ohtaki, Hitoshi (2007). “Chemistry in Japan Lessons from the Past”. Chemistry International. IUPAC. 29 (5). doi:10.1515\/ci.2007.29.5.12.Sources[edit]External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/kawamoto-komin-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Kawamoto K\u014dmin – Wikipedia"}}]}]