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(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Mar\u00eda Margarita Robles Fern\u00e1ndez (born November 10, 1956 in Le\u00f3n) is a Spanish judge and politician, currently serving as Minister of Defence since June 2018. From November 2019 to January 2020, she served as Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs.She was the first woman ever to chair a contentious-administrative chamber, the first to ever preside a provincial court (Barcelona’s) and the first woman to reach the Supreme Court of Spain. She has also held the positions of Secretary of State for Security during the Gonz\u00e1lez Governments.From May 2004 until May 2016 she was a Justice at the Supreme Court, in the third Chamber. She was a member of the General Council of the Judiciary from September 2008 until December 2013 on the proposal of the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party. She belongs to the progressive judge association Judges for Democracy.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In May 2016 she was elected to the Congress of Deputies for the PSOE representing Madrid.Table of ContentsEarly life and education[edit]Early judicial career[edit]Early political career[edit]Return to the judiciary[edit]Garz\u00f3n case[edit]Return to politics[edit]Defence Minister[edit]Military programs[edit]COVID-19 pandemic[edit]Afghanistan crisis[edit]Acting Foreign Minister[edit]Other activities[edit]Awards and decorations[edit]References[edit]Early life and education[edit]Robles was born in 1956 in Le\u00f3n, the daughter of a lawyer and housewife. She undertook her primary education in the Teresian Carmelites school. At the age of 12, her family moved to Barcelona, where she graduated in law at the University of Barcelona.[1] Her younger brother is a doctor.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Early judicial career[edit]In 1981, at age 25, Robles entered the Judiciary, after completing her training at the Judiciary School, first of her class, and became the fourth woman judge in Spain.[2]At age 26 she took her first assignment as Judge of First Instance and Inquiry of Balaguer, later she was assigned to Sant Feliu de Llobregat and Bilbao. She was the first woman ever to chair a contentious-administrative chamber.[3]She was a Justice at the Audiencia Provincial of Barcelona, becoming its Chief Justice at age 34, and becoming the first woman to be the chief justice of an Audiencia Provincial.[4]Early political career[edit]Close to the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party in 1993 she was appointed Under Secretary of the Ministry of Justice under Juan Alberto Belloch. On her inauguration she established as her top priority to implement fast trials in Spain.Between 1994 and 1996, during the last government of Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez, Robles served as the first Secretary of State for the Interior, becoming the de facto second-in-command of the superministry of Justice and the Interior, also under Belloch.During her time as Secretary of State for the Interior, Robles promoted the investigation of the kidnapping and murder of Jos\u00e9 Antonio Lasa and Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Zabala, she withdrew the funds from the GAL dirty war for Jos\u00e9 Amedo and Michel Dom\u00ednguez and she ordered the search and capture of Luis Rold\u00e1n.Return to the judiciary[edit]After Gonzalez lost the 1996 General Elections, Robles returned to the judiciary and became a justice at the contentious-administrative chamber of the Audiencia Nacional. In 2004, she was appointed Justice of the third chamber of the Supreme Court, becoming the fourth woman ever to be appointed to the highest court.In September 2008 she was elected member of the General Council of the Judiciary (CGPJ), being considered of one of its most active members. She served as such until December 2013. During her term as such, she supported the removal from office of the President of the General Council of the Judiciary and President of the Supreme Court, Carlos D\u00edvar.[5]Garz\u00f3n case[edit]In March 2010, Margarita Robles, along with conservatives Fernando de Rosa Torner and Gemma Gallego S\u00e1nchez, were challenged as members by the judge of the National Court, Baltasar Garz\u00f3n, who asked the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court to keep him in his position, for being the three CGPJ members that have shown the most animosity against him.[6]On 25 June 2017, in an interview in La Sexta, Police Commissioner Villarejo accused her of commissioning a report against Garz\u00f3n.[7]Return to politics[edit]In May 2016, Robles jumped back into politics when Pedro S\u00e1nchez announced she would occupy the second spot of the socialist list for Madrid in the upcoming general election.[8]  Robles (left) in March 2018.Robles requested a leave of absence from the judiciary, but on May 19 the CGPJ voted 4 to 3 that a leave of absence to occupy a political position implies the renunciation of the position as Supreme Court Justice.[9]She positioned with S\u00e1nchez in the ensuing leadership crisis that affected the PSOE following the elections. During the investiture vote of Mariano Rajoy, she was one of the 15 socialist MP’s that did not abstain, thus rejecting her party’s line.[10] At the 39th Socialist Congress she supported Pedro S\u00e1nchez’s candidacy to Secretary-General of the party (despite not being able to vote herself as she was not a card carrying member). After S\u00e1nchez had won the congress, Robles was appointed spokesperson of the Socialist Parliamentary Group, replacing Jos\u00e9 Luis \u00c1balos.[11]In June 2018, following the successful vote of no confidence against Mariano Rajoy, Robles was appointed Minister of Defence by the new Prime Minister Pedro S\u00e1nchez.  Robles with the U.S. Defense Secretary, Mark Esper, during the Defense Ministerial meeting in 2020.Defence Minister[edit]With the appointment of Pedro S\u00e1nchez as Prime Minister of Spain, Robles was appointed by S\u00e1nchez a week later to assume the office of Minister of Defence thus vanishing the speculation that Robles could take over a “superministry” of Interior and Justice (as happened between 1994 and 1996 with minister Juan Alberto Belloch).[12][13]At the beginning of her term as Defence Minister, Robles had to face some controversies like the prohibition to use tattoos in visible places that mainly affected women (because of the use of the skirt in the female military uniform),[14][15] the publication of a manifesto by retired military officials in support of dictator Franco[16] and more controversies around the S-80 class submarine.[17]Military programs[edit]Her department approved major defence projects like upgrading the budget of the S-80 submarines by \u20ac 1.8 billion,[18] and another billion for the modernization of the Boeing CH-47 Chinook of the Army which added to other military projects, in her first 3 months in office she approved investments worth 5 billion.[19]  On September 4, 2018, the Ministry of Defence announced that it was considering cancelling a major contract with Saudi Arabia consisting in 400 laser-guided bombs because of the possible use of these weapons in the Yemeni War.[20] However, a few days later the Prime Minister and the Defence Minister itself confirmed that the contract would go ahead to avoid a possible diplomatic conflict with Saudi Arabia that could put at risk Navantia’s 2 billion contract.[21]In October of that year, when the assassination of Saudi Arabian journalist Jamal Khashoggi was discovered the international community rapidly reproached this event and some European countries like Germany cancelled its military contracts with Saudi Arabia and called for the rest of EU countries to do the same,[22] a petition that was ignored by those countries including Spain, in order to protect thousands of jobs that said military contract generates.[23] A month later both countries created a joint venture to build five corvettes.[24]On December 14, 2018, the Council of Ministers approved Minister Robles’ plan to build five new F110 class frigates to replace the old Santa Mar\u00eda class, 348 battle vehicles and upgrading the Eurofighter jet worth \u20ac 7.3 billion to be paid over the next 15 years.[25]On January 30, 2019, she accompanied King Felipe VI on his trip to Iraq to mark the King’s 51st birthday. They visited the contingent of more than 300 Spanish soldiers from the Besmayah “Gran Capit\u00e1n” base.[26]On March 23, 2021, the Council of Ministers, at the proposal of the minister, approved increasing the salary of military personnel.[27] It was the first salary increase for these personnel since 2005.[28] Months later, on June 29 of that year, the Council of Ministers authorized three new projects to strengthen the aeronautical sector. Specifically, the financing of the second phase of the Future Combat Air System (FCAS) was approved, as well as the acquisition of three A330 MRTT aircraft for the Air Force and, together with the Ministry of the Interior, the acquisition of H135 and H160 helicopters; all this valued at more than 3.5 billion euros.[29][30]COVID-19 pandemic[edit]  Robles addresses the Spanish citizens in a press conference due to COVID-19 pandemic.In March 2020, the Prime Minister designated her as one of the four delegated authorities in charge of direct management of the health crisis of COVID-19.[31] For this task, under her direction, Robles appointed the JEMAD, Miguel \u00c1ngel Villarroya Vilalta, as sole command of all the measures that his department carried out.[32]During the health crisis, her department mainly deployed the Military Emergencies Unit (UME), which was responsible for the disinfection of thousands of retirement homes[33] as well as other public places such as train stations, ports and airports.[34][35] At the same time, different military, naval and air police units were also deployed to collaborate with the law enforcement agencies in public security tasks.[36]At the end of March, Robles publicly denounced abandoned, and sometimes dead, elderly people in some of the retirement homes that the UME had disinfected.[37] The head of the Military Emergencies Unit, Luis Manuel Mart\u00ednez Meijide, stated shortly after that these cases were “very punctual”.[38]On April 27, Robles addressed the Defense Committee of the Congress of Deputies to explain the management that his department was carrying out. Margarita Robles praised the task of the Armed Forces, to which she attributed all the successes, and assumed “exclusively” all the errors that would have been committed as her own.[39]Due to her management in this crisis, the popularity of the minister soared, achieving an approval rating of close to 68%, the highest in a minister in decades.[40]Afghanistan crisis[edit]Following the fall of Kabul and the subsequent de facto creation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the Prime Minister offered Spain as a hub for Afghans who collaborated with the European Union, which would later be settled in various countries.[41] The Spanish government created a temporary refugee camp in the air base of Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, which was later visited by the highest officials from the European Union.[42] Other two Spanish bases, Rota and Mor\u00f3n, where also prepared to temporarily accommodate Afghan refugees from the United States.[43][44] During this operation, the Spanish Armed Forces used four Airbus A400M Atlas as well as civil resources from the Air Europa airline to evacuate Spanish diplomats, nationals and Afghan citizens.[45][46] The security team of the embassy, composed by 17 police officers from the GEO (special operations) and UIP (experts in mass control and VIP security), were responsible for locating and taking the collaborators to a safe place.[47] Days later, the Spanish Army Special Operations Command (green berets) were also deployed in the Afghan capital.[48]Acting Foreign Minister[edit]On November 27, 2019, the Office of the Prime Minister announced that because of the departure of Foreign Minister Borrell to the European Commission, Robles would temporary assume the office of Minister of Foreign Affairs until a new government is formed.[49][50] She assumed the office on November 30 and she left it on January 13, when Arancha Gonz\u00e1lez Laya assumed as new foreign minister.Other activities[edit]Awards and decorations[edit]References[edit]^ “Feminista, creyente y acostumbrada a mandar, as\u00ed es la aspirante a ser la primera ministra del Interior en Espa\u00f1a”. Vanity Fair (Spain). 3 June 2018.^ “Ellas Mandan”. La Revista El Mundo n\u00ba 177.^ “Ellas Juzgan”. EL Mundo La Revista n\u00ba177.^ “Margarita Robles. La primera Mujer que preside una Audiencia”. El Pa\u00eds. 23 March 1991.^ Hern\u00e1ndez, Jos\u00e9 Antonio (2012-05-25). “La negativa del presidente del Supremo a dimitir fractura el Poder Judicial”. El Pa\u00eds (in Spanish). ISSN\u00a01134-6582. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ Altozano, Manuel (2010-03-06). “Garz\u00f3n denuncia una campa\u00f1a del PP contra \u00e9l para acabar con el ‘caso G\u00fcrtel’“. El Pa\u00eds (in Spanish). ISSN\u00a01134-6582. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “Siete horas con Villarejo: “Margarita Robles me encarg\u00f3 el informe contra Garz\u00f3n”“. El Confidencial (in Spanish). 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “La juez Margarita Robles ser\u00e1 la n\u00famero dos del PSOE por Madrid”. El Pa\u00eds. 12 May 2016.^ “El Poder Judicial le quita a la candidata del PSOE Margarita Robles su plaza en el Supremo”. El Pa\u00eds. 19 May 2016.^ “Rajoy, investido presidente gracias a la abstenci\u00f3n de todos los diputados del PSOE excepto 15”. El Mundo. 29 October 2016.^ “La magistrada Margarita Robles ser\u00e1 la nueva portavoz del PSOE en el Congreso de los Diputados”. El Mundo. 10 June 2017.^ “Margarita Robles ser\u00e1 superministra de Interior y Justicia en el Gobierno de Pedro S\u00e1nchez | Ministros Pedro S\u00e1nchez”. Okdiario (in European Spanish). 2018-06-05. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “Margarita Robles ser\u00e1 ‘superministra’ de Justicia e Interior”. El Plural (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “Spanish army skirts around tattoo troubles by launching ‘unisex’ uniform”. 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ Gonz\u00e1lez, Miguel (2018-07-11). “Spain’s military to change recruitment rules against tattooed women”. El Pa\u00eds. ISSN\u00a01134-6582. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “181 militares retirados firman un manifiesto en defensa de Franco”. El Huffington Post (in European Spanish). 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “Spain’s new sub ‘too big for its dock’“. BBC News. 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “Submarino S-80: el techo de gasto aumentar\u00e1 1.770 millones”. Por Tierra, Mar y Aire (in European Spanish). 2018-07-26. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “S\u00e1nchez aprueba inversiones en Defensa por 4.232 millones en sus cien d\u00edas de Gobierno”. Por Tierra, Mar y Aire (in European Spanish). 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “Spain cancels sale of 400 laser-guided bombs to Saudi Arabia”. 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ Reuters Editorial. “Spain will go ahead with sale of 400 bombs to Saudi Arabia”. U.S. Retrieved 2018-11-08. ^ Noack, Rick. “Germany halts arms deals with Saudi Arabia, encourages allies to do the same”. Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ Abell\u00e1n, Luc\u00eda; Pa\u00eds, El (2018-10-22). “Spain not stopping arms sales to Saudi Arabia over Khashoggi killing”. El Pa\u00eds. ISSN\u00a01134-6582. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ “Saudi Arabia and Spain launch joint venture to build five corvettes”. Arab News. 2018-11-07. Retrieved 2018-11-08.^ Gonz\u00e1lez, Miguel (2018-12-14). “Spain set to approve \u20ac7.3-billion weapons program”. El Pa\u00eds. ISSN\u00a01134-6582. Retrieved 2018-12-14.^ Press, Europa (2019-01-30). “Margarita Robles viaja a Irak con el Rey Felipe VI”. El Correo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ Infodefensa.com, Revista Defensa (2021-03-23). “El Gobierno aprueba el primer aumento salarial en 16 a\u00f1os para los militares – Noticias Infodefensa Espa\u00f1a”. Infodefensa.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-06-30.^ Gonz\u00e1lez, Miguel (2021-03-23). “El Gobierno mejora por primera vez en 16 a\u00f1os el sueldo de los militares”. EL PA\u00cdS (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-06-30.^ Infodefensa.com, Revista Defensa (2021-06-29). “Espa\u00f1a aprueba la financiaci\u00f3n de la segunda fase de FCAS y la compra de tres MRTT, 36 H135 y cuatro H160 – Noticias Infodefensa Espa\u00f1a”. Infodefensa.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-06-30.^ Gonz\u00e1lez, Miguel (2021-06-30). “El Gobierno aprueba encargos a Airbus por 3.575 millones en siete a\u00f1os”. EL PA\u00cdS (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-06-30.^ Press, Europa. “Ministros de Defensa, Interior, Transportes y Sanidad tendr\u00e1n competencias en todo Espa\u00f1a durante la alarma”. eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “Robles reune al comit\u00e9 que coordinar\u00e1 las medidas de Defensa contra el coronavirus”. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2020-03-15. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “\u00bfC\u00f3mo trajaba la UME en la desinfecci\u00f3n de las residencias? “Es una unidad muy dura, pero agradecida”“. www.telemadrid.es. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “El Ej\u00e9rcito llega a Euskadi para limpiar estructuras del Estado”. www.deia.eus. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “La UME desinfecta la estaci\u00f3n del AVE en Ciudad Real en un despliegue in\u00e9dito por alerta sanitaria”. Lanza Digital (in Spanish). 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “El Gobierno pone al Ej\u00e9rcito a patrullar las calles para asegurar el confinamiento”. ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2020-03-30. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ Colell, Manuel Vilaser\u00f3 Elisenda (2020-03-23). “La UME halla cad\u00e1veres y ancianos abandonados al desinfectar residencias”. elperiodico (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ Arag\u00f3n, Heraldo de. “El jefe de UME sobre los muertos hallados en residencias: “Son casos muy puntuales”“. heraldo.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ ELMUNDOTV (2020-04-27). “Margarita Robles: “Los errores que haya habido son exclusivamente m\u00edos”“. ELMUNDOTV (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “La popularidad de Margarita Robles se dispara: primer notable en d\u00e9cadas a un ministro”. El Espa\u00f1ol (in Spanish). 2020-04-28. Retrieved 2020-04-29.^ “Spain offers itself as hub for Afghans who collaborated with EU”. the Guardian. 2021-08-20. Retrieved 2021-08-22.^ Rodr\u00edguez-Pina, Gloria (2021-08-21). “Von der Leyen considera la acogida de afganos en Espa\u00f1a “un ejemplo del alma europea”“. EL PA\u00cdS (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-08-22.^ “Readout of President Joe Biden’s Call with President Pedro S\u00e1nchez of Spain”. The White House. 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2021-08-22.^ “Biden habla con S\u00e1nchez tras la afrenta de los agradecimientos por Afganist\u00e1n”. abc (in Spanish). 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2021-08-22.^ Arag\u00f3n, Heraldo de. “Espa\u00f1a sustituye el A400M de la Base de Zaragoza y env\u00eda otro avi\u00f3n a Dub\u00e1i”. heraldo.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-08-22.^ Arag\u00f3n, Heraldo de. “Aterriza en Torrej\u00f3n un segundo avi\u00f3n de la Uni\u00f3n Europea con 38 trabajadores afganos y sus familias procedente de Par\u00eds”. heraldo.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-08-22.^ Dolz, Patricia Ortega (2021-08-18). “Un operativo de 17 polic\u00edas se encarga de reunir a las personas evacuadas por el Ej\u00e9rcito espa\u00f1ol en Kabul”. EL PA\u00cdS (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-08-22.^ “Defensa env\u00eda a Kabul boinas verdes para buscar a los ‘afganos espa\u00f1oles’ en sus casas”. El Espa\u00f1ol (in Spanish). 2021-08-25. Retrieved 2021-08-25.^ Abell\u00e1n, Luc\u00eda (2019-11-27). “Margarita Robles reemplazar\u00e1 temporalmente a Borrell como ministra de Exteriores”. El Pa\u00eds (in Spanish). ISSN\u00a01134-6582. Retrieved 2019-11-27.^ “Margarita Robles will temporarily assume competences in Foreign Affairs”. The Diplomat in Spain. 2019-11-27. Retrieved 2019-11-27.^ Board of Trustees Elcano Royal Institute for International and Strategic Studies.^ “Real Decreto 967\/2013, de 5 de diciembre, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden de San Raimundo de Pe\u00f1afort al expresidente y exvocales del Consejo General del Poder Judicial”. Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 6 December 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2020.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/margarita-robles-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Margarita Robles – Wikipedia"}}]}]