[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/sahibi-river-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/sahibi-river-wikipedia\/","headline":"Sahibi River – Wikipedia","name":"Sahibi River – Wikipedia","description":"River in India The Sahibi river, also called the Sabi River, is an ephemeral, rain-fed river flowing through Rajasthan, Haryana","datePublished":"2021-12-01","dateModified":"2021-12-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5a\/Harrapan_period_earthen_ware_from_village%2C_Hansaka%2C_Rewari_District%2C_Haryana%2C_on_the_bed_of_Sahibi_River.JPG\/300px-Harrapan_period_earthen_ware_from_village%2C_Hansaka%2C_Rewari_District%2C_Haryana%2C_on_the_bed_of_Sahibi_River.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5a\/Harrapan_period_earthen_ware_from_village%2C_Hansaka%2C_Rewari_District%2C_Haryana%2C_on_the_bed_of_Sahibi_River.JPG\/300px-Harrapan_period_earthen_ware_from_village%2C_Hansaka%2C_Rewari_District%2C_Haryana%2C_on_the_bed_of_Sahibi_River.JPG","height":"201","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/sahibi-river-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4804,"articleBody":"River in IndiaThe Sahibi river, also called the Sabi River, is an ephemeral, rain-fed river flowing through Rajasthan, Haryana (where its canalised portion is called the “Outfall Drain No 8”) and Delhi states in India.[1] It drains into Yamuna in Delhi, where its channeled course is also called the Najafgarh drain, which also serves as Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary. Sahibi is a seasonal river which is 300\u00a0km long and flows from Aravalli hills in Rajasthan to Haryana,[2][3] of which 100\u00a0km is in Haryana.The current and paleochannels of Sahibi river have several important wetlands that lie in series, including the Masani barrage wetland, Matanhail forest, Chhuchhakwas-Godhari, Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibii river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of Dohan river which is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur, Sultanpur National Park, Basai Wetland, Najafgarh lake and Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary, and The Lost lake of Gurugram, all of which are home to endangered and migratory birds, yet largely remain unprotected under extreme threat from the colonisers and builders.Several Ochre Coloured Pottery culture sites (also identified as late Harappan phase of Indus Valley civilisation culture)[4] have been found along the banks of Sahibi river and its tributaries such as Krishnavati river, Dohan river (originates near Neem Ka Thana in Alwar district) and Sota River (merges with Sahibi river at Behror in Alwar district and its canalised portion in Haryana is called the “Outfall Drain No 6”).[5] The drainage pattern for all these rivers is dendritic.Table of ContentsGeography[edit]Tributaries[edit]Catchment area[edit]Rajasthan[edit]Haryana[edit]Delhi[edit]Barrages and bridges[edit]History[edit]Archaeological sites in the area[edit]Identification with Vedic rivers[edit]Ecology[edit]Ecological concerns[edit]Restoration[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Geography[edit]The Sahibi River originates from the eastern slopes of the Saiwar Protected Forest hills in Aravalli Range near Jitgarh and Manoharpur in Sikar district of Rajasthan state. After covering about 157\u00a0km distance in the Rajasthan state. After gathering volume from a hundred tributaries, the Sahibi River forms a broad stream around Alwar and Kotputli.Tributaries[edit]These west to north-west flowing rivers originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow through semi-arid historical Shekhawati region, drain into southern Haryana.Catchment area[edit]The catchment area of the Sahibi River encompasses the following cities and towns: Sikar, Jaipur, and Alwar in northeastern Rajasthan state; Bawal, Rewari, Pataudi, and Jhajjar district in southern Haryana state; and Delhi state.Rajasthan[edit]The catchment area of the Sahibi River in Rajasthan is 4,523.67 square kilometres (1,746.60\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) of Jaipur, Alwar and Sikar Districts, between latitudes 27\u00b016′ and 28\u00b011′ and longitudes 75\u00b042′ and 76\u00b057′. Sahibi Basin falls in three Districts of Rajasthan namely: Alwar district (62.11%), Jaipur district (29.30%) and Sikar district (8.59%).Mean Annual Rainfall in Sahibi Basin is 627.60\u00a0mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from 45.45 to 45.99\u00a0\u00b0C with a mean value of 45.8\u00a0\u00b0C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from 1.64 to 3.14\u00a0\u00b0C with a mean value of 2.45\u00a0\u00b0C.Haryana[edit]It leaves Rajasthan state beyond Kotkasim in Alwar district near village Lalpur and covers a total distance of about 222\u00a0km up to Dhasa Bund.It enters Haryana state at Jhabua, near the city of Rewari in Rewari district, after which it re-enters first Rajasthan state near Kotkasim, and then Haryana again near the village of Jarthal. The dry riverbed near Jarthal is 2 kilometres (1.2\u00a0mi) wide. During light monsoon rainfall, the river’s flat and sandy bottom absorbs all rainwater. Masani barrage on the river lies near Dahuhera. During heavy rains, the river has defined course up to Pataudi railway station and branches off into two smaller streams to Jhajjar, finally reaching the outskirts of Delhi through Najafgarh drain and ending at the Yamuna River.Delhi[edit]The Najafgarh Drain or Najafgarh Nallah (nullah in Hindi means drain) is another name for the Sahibi River, which continues its flow through Delhi where it is channelised for flood control purposes. It is a tributary to the Yamuna River, into which it flows. The Najafgarh Drain gets its name from the once famous and huge Najafgarh Lake near the town of Najafgarh in southwest Delhi. The Najafgarh Drain is the capital’s most polluted body of water due to the direct inflow of untreated sewage from surrounding populated areas. Assessing the water quality of wetlands in wildlife habitats, a January 2005 report by the Central Pollution Control Board rated the Najafgarh Drain under category D, along with 13 other highly polluted wetlands.[8][9][10][11][12]Regulators at the Keshopur Bus Depot on the Outer Ring Road are wide with thick and high embankments. A vast amount of water is retained in this widened drain by closing the Kakrola regulators under Najafgarh Road to recharge the local groundwater table.[13]Barrages and bridges[edit]Several bridges cross the Sahibi River. A bridge on State Highway 14 crosses the river between Behror and Sodawas (Behror to Alwar Road). On State Highway 52, a bridge crosses the river between Ajaraka and Dadhiya. The Masani barrage is also used as the bridge on NH 919 which merges with NH 48 (Delhi-Jaipur-Mumbai, formerly NH 8) at this barrage near Dharuhera, Rewari.[14] Railway bridges between Ajaraka and Bawal and near Pataudi also cross the river. A railway bridge near Nangal Pathani also crosses the river.History[edit]Prior to 1960, the rain-fed Sahibi River entered Delhi near Dhansa and spilled its overflow in the Najafgarh Lake (Jheel) basin, creating a seasonal lake. A vast area more than 300 square kilometres (120\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) was submerged in some seasons. In the following decades, the Sahibi River flow reaching Dhansa was channelised by digging a wide drain and connecting it directly to the Yamuna River, completely draining the seasonal Najafgarh Jheel.The Sahibi River flooded in 1977. In response, the Masani barrage was constructed on Delhi-Jaipur highway near Masani village, Rewari.[15][16] Several smaller dams have also been constructed throughout the hills of Rajasthan to store rainwater. The construction of dams has restricted the flow of water on the Sahibi River and it is now rare for water overflow from monsoon rains to reach up the Masani Barrage.Archaeological sites in the area[edit]  Earthenware (Pottery) found on the Sahibi riverbed by INTACH-Rewari, at Hansaka village, Rewari District, 2012Parts of Rajasthan and Haryana that Sahibi river flows through are arid and have only seasonal monsoon rainfall, in the past river might have held perennial flow as evident by the presence of several sites of the Ganeshwar\u2013Jodhpura culture on the banks of present-day Sahibi River meanders and its tributaries. Among the finds are handmade and wheel-made pottery dated to 3309\u20132709 BCE and 2879\u20132384 BCE found on the banks of the Sahibi River at Jodhpura.[17][18]Other findings include pottery found on the Sahibi riverbed at Hansaka in the Rewari district by INTACH-Rewari.[17][18]A red stone statue of Vamana Dev, now displayed at the Shri Krishna Museum, Kurukshetra was unearthed in 2002 on the Sahibi riverbed near Bawal.[17][18]In various other places on Sahibi riverbed, many artifacts have been found, including arrowheads, fishhooks, spearheads, awls, and chisels.[17][18]Identification with Vedic rivers[edit]Several modern scholars identify the old Ghaggar-Hakra River (of which Tangri river is a tributary) as the Sarasvati river and the Sahibi River with the Drishadvati river of Vedic period, on the banks of which in the Vedic state of Brahmavarta, Indus-Sarasvati civilisation or Vedic Sanskriti developed. Such scholars include Bhargava[19] The Drishadwati River had formed one border of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta while other was Saraswati river. This is mentioned in the Rigveda, the Manusmriti, and the other Hindu texts as well.Ecology[edit]This is an important part of ecological corridor along the route of Sahibi river which traverses from Aravalli hills in Rajasthan to Yamuna via Masani barrage, Matanhail forest, Chhuchhakwas-Godhari, Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Outfall Drain Number 8 and 6, Sarbashirpur, Sultanpur National Park, Basai and The Lost Lake (Gurugram). It lies 5\u00a0km northwest of Bhindawas Bird Sancturay and 46\u00a0km northwest of Sultantpur National Park via road.Ecological concerns[edit]Entire 100\u00a0km stretch of Sahibi river and its streams (Sota river, Kotkasim drain and Indori river) in Haryana are ecologically dead.[2]Gurugram also dumps polluted discharge in the riverbed of Sahibi.[2] In some of its reaches, from Mandawar and Kotkasim to Haryana border, meandering of the river causes bank erosion.Restoration[edit]Government of Haryana is coordinating with Government of Rajasthan to ensure water reaches usually-dry Masani barrage and dying seasonal Sahibi river. Another government project is being implemented to direct the extra water of Yamuna river during monsoon to Masani barrage through Jawahar Lal Nehru Canal and Western Yamuna Canal (c. July 2015).[20]See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b Books: Page 41, 42, 43, 44, 47 (b) Sahibi Nadi (River), River Pollution, By A.k.jain^ a b c Haryana rivers profile^ Ropeway for tourist pull at barrage site, Times of India, 17 Mar 2017.^ Gupta, S.P., ed. (1995), The lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization, Jodhpur: Kusumanjali Prakashan^ a b Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar \u015arivastava, 1981. ISBN\u00a00391023586^ Sahibi river^ Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence, Arun Kumar Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. ISBN\u00a0812460049X.^ Blot across the Capital: Najafgarh most polluted[dead link], Sunday, 10 July 2005,The Indian Express^ minister raises a stink over Najafgarh jheel[dead link], 22 February 2005, The Indian Express^ Najafgarh basin Delhi\u2019s most polluted area, 25 December 2009, The Indian Express^ Najafgarh drain 11th among highly polluted industrial clusters, 25 Dec 2009, The Times of India^ drain causes less pollution in Yamuna now[dead link], 4 July 2006, The Indian Express^ to Sahibi River, Department of Irrigation and Flood Control, Government of NCT of Delhi, India. Website Last Updated\u00a0: 3 May 2010, sewage drain is now called the Yamuna, By Sonu Jain, 27 March 1999, Indian Express, CRUSADE: Killing Delhi\u2019s Lifeline Archived 4 January 2013 at archive.today, Charu Soni, 19 Aug 2006, New Delhi. Tehelka,gone all wrong, By Sunita Narain, 5 Jun 2012, Times of India, \u2018Better management in Haryana may solve Delhi\u2019s water problems\u2019, New Delhi, 22 Mar 2012, DHNS, Deccan herald, Sunita Narain bats for sustainable development, Express News Service\u00a0: Pune, Tue 28 February 2012, The Indian Express^ “Toll plaza on NH 8 to be shifted, says Nitin Gadkari.”, Indian Express, 14 August 2017.^ Ground Water Information Booklet Rewari District, Haryana, Contributors: Dr. Sunil Kumar, Scientist \u2013 \u2018B\u2019, Prepared under supervision of Sushil Gupta Regional Director. Our Vision “Water Security through Ground water Management” . Rewari District Haryana, Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, North Western Region, CHANDIGARH, 2007^ Geography of Haryana Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine^ a b c d A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India from the stone age to the 12th century, Pearson 2009, page 116^ a b c d India Mapped – Sahibi river^ “Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati River is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati River”, Sudhir Bhargava, International Conference, 20\u201322 Nov. 2009, “Saraswati-a perspective” pages 114\u2013117, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana.^ “Centre of AIIMS to come up in Rewari district: Khattar .”, Business Standard, 4 July 2015.External links[edit]Coordinates: 28\u00b029\u2032N 76\u00b044\u2032E\ufeff \/ \ufeff28.483\u00b0N 76.733\u00b0E\ufeff \/ 28.483; 76.733TopicsDistricts and divisionsMajor citiesCultureEconomySarasvati civilization (Indus Valley civilization \u2013 IVC)ArchaeologicalBaoli (Stepwells)sBuddhist and HIndu SitesHaveliNangal SirohiHemu Ki Haveli in RewariNoor Mahal in KarnalGurugram: (Sikanderpur, Mohammadpur Jharsa, 12 Biswa haveli in Gurgaon gaon, Mahalwala haveli in 8 Biswa of Gurgaon gaon)FortsHillsCavesHistoricalNational Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of HaryanaEndangered Wildlife BreedingZoos in HaryanaHerbal ParksLakesDamsRiversReligiousOfficesPublic placesExtreme Corners of HaryanaHighest-lowest of HaryanaOldest of HaryanaElectionsChief MinistersGovernorsState agenciesDakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran NigamDebt Conciliation BoardDoordarshan HaryanaForeign Investment and NRI CellForests Department, HaryanaDepartment of Economic and Statistical Analysis, HaryanaDepartment of Environment, HaryanaDepartment of Excise & Taxation, HaryanaDepartment of Finance, HaryanaDepartment of Industries & Commerce, HaryanaDepartment of Industrial Training & Vocational Education, HaryanaDepartment of Institutional Finance & Credit Control, HaryanaDepartment of Labour & Employment, HaryanaDepartment of Land records & Consolidation, HaryanaDepartment of Revenue and Disaster Management, HaryanaDepartment of Rehabilitation, HaryanaDepartment of Higher Education, HaryanaDepartment of School Education, HaryanaDepartment of Elementary Education, HaryanaHaryana Board of School EducationHaryana Civil Medical ServicesHaryana Environment Protection CouncilHaryana Land Record Information SystemHaryana Power Generation Corporation LimitedHaryana PoliceHaryana RoadwaysHaryana Seeds Development CorporationHaryana State Directorate of Archaeology & MuseumsHaryana State Legal Services Authority, HaryanaHaryana Tourism Corporation LimitedHaryana Urban Development AuthorityHaryana Waqf BoardState Counselling Board, HaryanaUttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/sahibi-river-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Sahibi River – Wikipedia"}}]}]