[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/university-of-madras-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/university-of-madras-wikipedia\/","headline":"University of Madras – Wikipedia","name":"University of Madras – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Public university in Chennai, India after-content-x4 The University of Madras (also known as Madras University) is a public state","datePublished":"2019-03-16","dateModified":"2019-03-16","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/5\/59\/MadrasUniversitySenateHouse1905.jpg\/220px-MadrasUniversitySenateHouse1905.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/5\/59\/MadrasUniversitySenateHouse1905.jpg\/220px-MadrasUniversitySenateHouse1905.jpg","height":"175","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/university-of-madras-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":15813,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Public university in Chennai, India       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The University of Madras (also known as Madras University) is a public state university in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.[2] Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest and among the most prominent universities in India, incorporated by an act of the Legislative Council of India under the British government.[3]It is a collegiate research university and has six campuses in the city: Chepauk, Marina, Guindy, Taramani, Maduravoyal and Chetpet. It offers more than 230 courses under 87 academic departments of post-graduate teaching and research grouped under 18 schools, covering diverse areas such as sciences, social sciences, humanities, management and medicine along with 121 affiliated colleges and 53 approved research institutions. The  university houses national centres for advanced research in nanotechnology,[4]photonics[5] and neurotoxicity.[6] In addition, it has three Centres of Advanced Study (CAS) in biophysics,[7]botany[8] and the Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics.[9]The University of Madras is the alma mater of five presidents of India, including A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; two Indian physics Nobel laureates, CV Raman and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar; several notable mathematicians including Srinivasa Ramanujan; Abel Prize winner S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan; and Turing Award winner Raj Reddy among others.[10]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The National Assessment and Accreditation Council has conferred ‘five star’ accreditation to the university in the first cycle, and subsequently with its highest ‘A’ grade.[11] The University of Madras has been given the status of ‘university with potential for excellence (UPE)’ by the University Grants Commission.[12] Madras University is also recognized among the 18 universities in India having the ‘Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA)’ with a focus on drug development and climate change.[13]Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Coat of arms[edit]Senate House[edit]Organisation and administration[edit]Governance[edit]Schools and departments[edit]Affiliated colleges and research institutions[edit]Notable colleges[edit]Research institutions[edit]Academics[edit]Rankings[edit]Madras University Library System[edit]Research[edit]Notable alumni[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The Madras University Senate House and Marina Beach, 1905  Legislative Assembly session of Madras Presidency in Senate House, 1937  A 1957 postal stamp dedicated to the centenary of Madras UniversityThe first-ever demand for higher education in Madras Presidency was given in a public address to Lord John Elphinstone, governor of Madras, signed by 70,000 residents when the Governor-in-Council was contemplating “some effective and liberal measures for the establishment of an improved system of national education.” This public petition, which was presented by the Advocate General Mr George Norton on 11 November 1839, pressed the need for an English college in the city of Madras. Pursuant to this, Lord Elphinstone evolved a plan for the establishment of a central collegiate institution or a \u2018university.\u2019 This university had twin departments\u00a0\u2013 a high school for the cultivation of English literature, regional language, philosophy and science, and a college for instruction in the higher branches of literature, philosophy and science.[16][17]The University Board was constituted in January 1840 with Mr George Norton as its president. This was the precursor of the present Presidency College, Chennai. A systematic educational policy for India was formulated 14 years later by Wood’s despatch, which pointed out the rationale for “creating a properly articulated system of education from the primary school to the University.” The dispatch recommended the establishment in the universities of professorships “for the purposes of the delivery of lectures in various branches of learning including vernacular as well as classical languages.” As a result, the University of Madras, organised on the model of the University of London, was incorporated on 5 September 1857 by an act of the Legislative Council of India.[18]The university progressed and expanded through the 19th century to span the whole of South India, giving birth to universities like Mysore University (1916), Osmania University (1918), Andhra University (1926), Annamalai University (1929), Travancore University (1937) presently University of Kerala, Sri Venkateswara University (1954), Madurai Kamaraj University (1966), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (1971), Anna University (1978), Tamil University (1981), Bharathidasan University (1982), Bharathiar University (1982), Mother Teresa Women’s University (1984), Alagappa University (1985), Dr. M.G.R. Medical University (1989), Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (1989), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (1990), Periyar University (1997), Dr. Ambedkar Law University (1996) and Thiruvalluvar University (2002).[19]In 1912 endowments were made to the university to establish departments of Indian History, Archaeology, Comparative Philology and Indian Economics. In that year the university had 17 departments, 30 teachers, and 69 research scholars. Later the research and teaching functions of the university were encouraged by the Sadler Commission and the gains of the university were consolidated by the enactment of the Madras University Act of 1923. About this time, the territorial ambit of the Madras University encompassed from Berhampur of Odisha in the North East, Trivandrum of Kerala in the South West, Bangalore and Mangalore of Karnataka in the West and Hyderabad of Andhra Pradesh in the North.[20]Between 1926 and 1939, the university published the comprehensive Tamil Lexicon dictionary, which is the first among the dictionaries published in any Indian language.[21]Coat of arms[edit]  University of Madras Entrance Arch at Chepauk CampusThe description of the coat of arms of the university, designed in 1857, is:“Argent (silver or white) on a Mount issuant from the basement a Tiger passant proper (walking and coloured naturally), on a Chief Sable (black across the top), a Pale Or (a gold or yellow vertical strip down the centre 1\/3 of the top or chief), thereon, between two Elephants heads couped of the field, a lotus flower leaved and slipped of the third, together with this motto Doctrina Vim Promovet Insitam“.The coat of arms colours are: the base is light green, the tiger is yellow on a white background, the elephant is grey on a black background, the lotus is a white flower with olive green leaves, on a gold background. The motto scroll is edged red, with black lettering. The English translation of the motto of the University of Madras is: “Learning promotes natural talent.”[22]The university has six campuses: Chepauk, Marina, Guindy, Taramani, Chetpet and Maduravoyal. The Chepauk campus of the university houses the administrative buildings, the historic Senate House, central library, clock tower, centenary auditorium, and several departments under arts, humanities and social science streams. The schools of oriental and Indian are located at the Marina campus. The Guindy campus incorporates the natural sciences departments while the campus at Taramani houses the school of basic medical sciences. The sports union and the botanical garden are based on Chetpet and Maduravoyal campuses respectively. The Department of Mathematics of the university is operated as the Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics located close to the Chepauk campus.[23] The university has two constituent college, in Nemmeli and Thiruvottiyur, offerings courses in arts and science.[24] Since 1981, the university has also developed an  Institute of Distance Education, offering various academic and professional programmes approved by University Grants Commission under the choice-based credit system (CBCS) pattern.[25]Senate House[edit]      The University of Madras has a historical monument\u00a0\u2013 Senate House\u00a0\u2013 which is one of the landmarks of the city of Chennai.[26] The Senate House, the university’s first building, inaugurated in the year 1879, is a masterpiece of Robert Fellowes Chisholm, an architect of the 19th century, who blended the Indo-Saracenic style with Byzantine and European architectural features.[27] The university renovated the Senate House in 2006.[28]Interior view of the Senate HouseMain Library building at ChepaukNew Academic block of the Guindy campusFa\u00e7ade of the Marina campusOrganisation and administration[edit]Governance[edit]The organisational structure of Madras University consists of the Senate, the Syndicate, the Academic Council, the faculties, the Finance Committee, and the boards of studies. The Governor of Tamil Nadu is the chancellor of the university. The vice-chancellor is the executive head of the university. The registrar of the university, who is the secretary of the Syndicate, is the custodian of all the records and chief administrator of the university. The examinations of the university is managed by Office of the Controller of Examinations.[29]Schools and departments[edit]University of Madras is organized into eighteen main schools, each of which comprises multiple departments and centres as below:[30]SchoolDepartments \/ Research Centres \/ ChairsCampus LocationMathematics, Statistics and Computer ScienceChepauk and GuindyChemistryDepartment of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of EnergyDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Organic ChemistryDepartment of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Polymer ScienceGuindy PhysicsCentral Instrumentation and Service LaboratoryCentre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and BiophysicsDepartment of Nuclear PhysicsDepartment of Theoretical PhysicsDepartment of Network Systems and Information TechnologyDepartment of Material ScienceGuindyNano Science and PhotonicsNational Centre for Nanosciences and NanotechnologyNational Centre for Ultrafast ProcessGuindy and TaramaniEarth and Atmospheric ScienceDepartment of Applied GeologyDepartment of GeographyDepartment of GeologyCentre for Environmental SciencesCentre for Natural Hazards and Disaster StudiesCentre for Water Resource ManagementGuindyLife SciencesDepartment of BiochemistryDepartment of BiotechnologyCentre for Advanced Study in BotanyCentre for Ocean and Coastal StudiesCentre for Stem Cell ResearchCentre for Herbal SciencesDepartment of ZoologyDepartment of Bio-informaticsGuindyBasic Medical SciencesDepartment of AnatomyDepartment of EndocrinologyDepartment of GeneticsDepartment of Medical BiochemistryDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of PathologyDepartment of Pharmacology and Environmental ToxicologyDepartment of PhysiologyNational Centre for Neurotoxicity Research to Assist Drug DevelopmentTaramaniEconomicsCentre for Population StudiesDr. Ambedkar Centre for Economic StudiesDepartment of EconometricsDepartment of EconomicsAgro Economic Research CentreChepauk Philosophy and Religious ThoughtDepartment of Christian StudiesJBAS Centre for Islamic StudiesDepartment of JainologyDepartment of PhilosophyDepartment of Saiva SiddhantaDepartment of VaishnavismChepauk and MarinaHistorical StudiesDepartment of Ancient History and ArchaeologyDepartment of Indian HistoryChepaukSocial SciencesDepartment of Adult and Continuing EducationDepartment of AnthropologyDepartment of CriminologyDepartment of EducationDepartment of PsychologyDepartment of SociologyDepartment of Women’s StudiesDepartment of Social WorkDepartment of Counselling PsychologyCentre for Cyber Forensics and Information SecurityChepaukPolitical and International StudiesAnna Centre for Public AffairsUGC – Centre for South and Southeast Asian StudiesDepartment of Defence and Strategic StudiesDepartment of Legal StudiesDepartment of Politics and Public AdministrationRajiv Gandhi Chair in Contemporary StudiesChepaukInformation and Communication StudiesDepartment of Journalism and CommunicationDepartment of Library and Information ScienceChepaukFine and Performing ArtsDepartment of Indian MusicChepauk English and Foreign LanguagesDepartment of EnglishDepartment of French and other Foreign LanguagesChepaukTamil and other Dravidian LanguagesDepartment of KannadaDepartment of MalayalamDepartment of Tamil LanguageDepartment of Tamil LiteratureDepartment of TeluguDepartment of Sangapalagai for Tamil DevelopmentCentre for Thirukkural ResearchChair on Tamil Christian LiteratureCentre for Endangered LanguagesCentre for Research on Dravidian MovementMarinaSanskrit and other Indian LanguagesDepartment of Arabic, Persian and UrduDepartment of HindiDepartment of SanskritMarinaBusiness and ManagementDepartment of CommerceDepartment of Management StudiesCentre for Infrastructural Management StudiesChepauk–Department of Physical Education and SportsChetpetAffiliated colleges and research institutions[edit]The university currently has 121 affiliated colleges, with 3 approved institutions, 5 institutions for diploma and certificate courses, 15 stand alone institutions for professional education, and 53 approved research Institutions as of 2019.[31]Notable colleges[edit]  Research institutions[edit]Academics[edit]Rankings[edit]Internationally, Madras University is ranked 541-550 overall and 48th global research institution in the QS World University Rankings for the year 2023.[37][38] In India, the National Institutional Ranking Framework ranked it 22nd among universities in 2020.[34] It was ranked 20th in the Outlook-ICARE university ranking of 2020.[39]Madras University Library System[edit]The library system of the university consists of four central libraries located at its Chepauk, Marina, Guindy and Taramani campus.[40] Besides, many of the departments and centres have their own library collections. The main university library located at Chepauk was started in 1907 in the Connemara Public Library, later shifted to the existing building in 1936. S. R. Ranganathan (a mathematician) was appointed as the first librarian of the university, whose contribution in the development of the field of library sciences is noteworthy.[41] The library collection includes textbooks, reference books, journals, theses, archives of government gazettes, newsprints, magazines, photographs, rare manuscripts, with a total collection of approximately 1 million volumes, which is among the largest collection of a university library in India.[42][43] The library system also maintains a database of e-books, digital multimedia resources and subscribed to over four thousand e-journals under the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium.[44] The Government of Tamil Nadu oriental manuscripts library and research centre is located within the main library building at Chepauk.[45] The library is considered as the treasure house for ancient Indian knowledge. Comprises over 25,373 reference books and 72,714 Sanskrit and Tamil manuscripts written on palm leaf, copper plates, tree barks, leather etc. on subjects, like mathematics, astronomy, ayurveda, architecture, fine arts, grammar and literature.[46] The Library of the Indian Mathematical Society, started in 1907 in Pune, is now housed in the campus of the Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics.[47]Research[edit]In 2007, the university was given a special grant of \u20b9100 crores by the Ministry of Human Resource Development to establish a nanotechnology research centre in commemoration of its sesqui-centenary (150th year) celebration. In 2011, University Grants Commission (UGC) selected the university for its third phase of University with Potential for Excellence (UPE) scheme, under which \u20b925 crores were sanctioned for a period of five years.[48] Earlier, the university was selected for the inaugural phase of the scheme in 2001-02 along with JNU, Hyderabad University, Jadavpur University and Pune University.[49] The National Centre for Ultrafast Process (NCUFP) of the university has mobilized research grants to the tune \u20b97 crores through several funded projects including the DST, CSIR, DRDO and UGC.[50]The Department of Crystallography and Biophysics was upgraded as a Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in 2007 and a grant of \u20b92.53 crores was given for modernising research laboratories. The School of Life Sciences of the university received a grant of \u20b95.24 crores by the Department of Biotechnology, under BUILDER (Boost to University of Interdisciplinary Life Science Departments for Education and Research) for strengthening teaching and research programmes during 2014\u20132019.[24] A study performed by the NISTADS on the research performance of universities in India during 1998\u20132008 ranked Madras University at No. 5 based on publication for that period.[51]In addition, UGC has identified the Department of Geology and Department of Zoology as the Centres of Excellence and has allotted \u20b93.25 crores each for their development.[48] In 2019, Ministry of Human Resource Development of Government of India granted \u20b950 crores to the university for upgrading its research capabilities under Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) scheme.[52]Notable alumni[edit]The University of Madras has a strong alumni network, with its alumni taking over many prestigious positions across the world. Some of the prominent alumni include Nobel laureates C. V. Raman[53] and S. Chandrasekhar,[54] mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan[55]K. S. Chandrasekharan, and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan,[56] leading scientists, Raja Ramanna,[57]Rajagopala Chidambaram,[58]M. Visvesvaraya, E. C. George Sudarshan,[59]G. N. Ramachandran,[60]V. S. Ramachandran[61] and Alladi Ramakrishnan[62]Former presidents Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, V. V. Giri, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, R. Venkataraman and A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, politicians Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari,[63]C Subramaniam,[64]CN Annadurai,[65] and V. K. Krishna Menon,[66] civil servants T. N. Seshan,[67]Benegal Rama Rau,[68]Y. Venugopal Reddy[69] and C. Sylendra Babu[70]Rhodes scholars Eric Prabhakar[71] and Tanjore R. Anantharaman,[72] pioneers Verghese Kurien,[73]Raj Reddy[74] and M. S. Swaminathan,[75] economist K. N. Raj[76] and C. Rangarajan,[77] business persons Indra Nooyi,[78]Ram Shriram[79] and Prathap C. Reddy,[80] artists and film personality M.G. Ramachandran,[81]K. C. S. Paniker,[82]Gemini Ganesan,[83]Mani Ratnam[84] and Mahesh Babu,[85] sports stars Viswanathan Anand, Vijay Amritraj,[86]Ramanathan Krishnan[87] and Srinivas ‘Venkat’ among others.See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b c d “University Student Enrollment Details”. www.ugc.ac.in. Retrieved 10 February 2020.^ Indian Universities in the 2014 QS University Rankings: BRICS. Top Universities (24 June 2014). Retrieved on 27 September 2015.^ University of Madras. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica.^ “Welcome to University of Madras”. www.unom.ac.in.^ “Welcome to University of Madras”. www.unom.ac.in.^ “Home”. National Centre for Neurotoxicity Research to Assist Drug Development.^ “Welcome to University of Madras”. www.unom.ac.in.^ “Welcome to University of Madras”. www.unom.ac.in.^ “About”. riasm.unom.ac.in. Retrieved 28 June 2020.^ “The President of India”. presidentofindia.gov.in. Retrieved 28 June 2020.^ kumar, n arun (7 May 2014). “Madras University gets ‘A’ grade”. Deccan Chronicle.^ University Grants commission\u00a0::Universities (UPE). Ugc.ac.in. Retrieved on 27 September 2015.^ “University Grants commission\u00a0::Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area”. www.ugc.ac.in.^ “The Vice Chancellors”. University of Madras. Retrieved 17 June 2013.^ Great Britain. India Office (1819). “The India List and India Office List for 1905”. p.\u00a0634. Retrieved 27 March 2018.^ Madras, University of (1879). The Madras University Calendar.^ “History and Heritage”. University of Madras. Retrieved 27 June 2020.^ University, Madras (1957). History of higher education in South India. Vol. I. Associated priters (Madras) Pvt Ltd, Madras.^ R, Santha kumar; K, Kaliyaperumal; S, Louies (26 May 2020). “Scientometric Profile of the University of Madras, The Mother of South Indian Universities”. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology. 40 (3): 185\u2013191. doi:10.14429\/djlit.40.03.14844. ISSN\u00a00976-4658.^ Slater, Gilbert (16 January 2018). Revival: Southern India (1936): Its Political and Economic Problems. Routledge. ISBN\u00a0978-1-351-34409-8.^ “Tamil lexicon”.^ Pillay, Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi (1957). History of Higher Education in South India: University of Madras, 1857-1957. Associated Printers.^ “Welcome to University of Madras”. www.unom.ac.in.^ a b “University of Madras – CBCS Handbook 2017-2018” (PDF). unom.ac.in. Retrieved 12 March 2022.^ “Archived copy” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)^ Srinivasachari, p 341^ Srinivasachari, Introduction, p xxxi^ Alexander, Deepa (26 February 2019). “Chennai’s Senate House opens its doors to the public”. The Hindu. ISSN\u00a00971-751X. Retrieved 27 June 2020.^ “Welcome to University of Madras”. www.unom.ac.in.^ ““Schools”“.^ “University of Madras – CBCS Handbook 2019-2020” (PDF). unom.ac.in. Retrieved 12 March 2022.^ “QS World University Rankings 2023: Top Global Universities”. Top Universities. Retrieved 9 June 2022.^ “QS Asia University Rankings 2021”. Top Universities. Retrieved 31 July 2021.^ a b “National Institutional Ranking Framework 2020 (Universities)”. National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 11 June 2020.^ “Top 75 Universities In India In 2020”. Outlook India. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.^ “Outlook-ICARE India MBA Rankings 2022: Top Public MBA Institutions Outlook India Magazine”. 13 November 2021.^ “QS World University Rankings 2023: Top Global Universities”. Top Universities. Retrieved 9 June 2022.^ “QS World University Rankings: IISc-Bengaluru is top research varsity – Times of India”. The Times of India. Retrieved 9 June 2022.^ “Top 75 Universities In India In 2020 | Outlook India Magazine”. magazine.outlookindia.com\/. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.^ “Welcome to University of Madras”. www.unom.ac.in.^ Islam, Md. Nurul. “S. R. Ranganathan: library and documentation scientist” (PDF). Current Science. Retrieved 12 March 2022.^ https:\/\/www.unom.ac.in\/webportal\/uploads\/library\/mul\/mul.html[dead link]^ https:\/\/www.unom.ac.in\/webportal\/uploads\/library\/mcl\/aboutus.html[dead link]^ “Guindy Campus Library | University of Madras”. libgc.unom.ac.in.^ “Goverment [sic] Oriental Manuscripts Library and Research Centre | Department Of Archaeology”. www.tnarch.gov.in.^ Parthasarathy, Anusha (7 May 2013). “A leaf from the past”. The Hindu \u2013 via www.thehindu.com.^ “ims library”. www.indianmathsociety.org.in.^ a b Dec 29, | TNN | Updated; 2011; Ist, 05:17. “UGC selects Madras univ as potential centre of excellence, grants Rs 25 cr | Chennai News – Times of India”. The Times of India. Retrieved 28 June 2020.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)^ “University with Potential for Excellence” (PDF). UGC. Retrieved 30 June 2020.^ “Archived copy” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)^ “Measures of Performance of Universities in India: An Analysis of the Publication Output in Science and Technology (Study period 1998\u20132008)” (PDF). National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies. 2011.^ “Madras University gets \u20b950 crore MHRD grant”. The Hindu. Chennai. 29 December 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2019.^ “After earning a master’s degree in physics at Presidency College, University of Madras, in 1907, Raman became an accountant in the finance department of the Indian government.”  http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/490449\/Sir-Chandrasekhara-Venkata-Raman^ “Chandra studied at Presidency College, University of Madras, and he wrote his first research paper”, http:\/\/www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk\/history\/Biographies\/Chandrasekhar.html^ “Srinivasa Ramanujan, a Mathematical Genius”.^ “S.R. Srinivasa Varadhan | Indian mathematician”.^ “Raja Ramanna, 79, Indian Nuclear Scientist, Dies”. The New York Times. 26 September 2004.^ “INSA\u00a0:: Indian Fellow Detail”. www.insaindia.res.in.^ Narayanan, Anand (24 January 2013). “All I know is how to do physics”. The Hindu \u2013 via www.thehindu.com.^ https:\/\/vigyanprasar.gov.in\/g-n-ramachandran\/[bare URL]^ “The Center for Brain and Cognition – Research”. cbc.ucsd.edu.^ Wikipedia, Source (8 September 2013). Presidency College, Chennai Alumni: Alladi Ramakrishnan, a R Narayanan, Benegal Rama Rau, C. Natesa Mudaliar, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, C. R. Pattabhirama. General Books. ISBN\u00a09781230757513 \u2013 via Google Books.^ “The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online\u00a0ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093\/ref:odnb\/31579. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)^ Dugger, Celia W. (10 November 2000). “Chidambaram Subramaniam, India’s ‘Green’ Rebel, 90, Dies”. The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2020.^ “Life History and Literary Works of C.N. Annadurai”.^ “V K Krishna Menon; A Votary of Poorna Swaraj”.^ “Welcome to MCC”.^ “Contact Us \u2013 IndiaInfoline”.^ “Reserve Bank of India \u2013 Database”.^ “Sylendra Babu appointed Tamil Nadu’s new DGP”. 30 June 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2022.^ “Eric Prabhakar passes away”. Deccan Herald. 10 September 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2020.^ “Brief Biographical Sketch of tra”. old.iitbhu.ac.in.^ “Verghese Kurien | Biography & Facts”.^ “Raj Reddy”.^ “Detailed Profile – Prof. M.S. Swaminathan – Members of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) – Who’s Who – Government: National Portal of India”. archive.india.gov.in.^ “Nehru’s planner who saw tomorrow”. Business Standard India. 11 February 2010.^ “Chakravarthi Rangarajan | Ahmedabad University”.^ “Indra Nooyi Biography \u2013 life, family, children, parents, school, mother, born, college, house \u2013 Newsmakers Cumulation”.^ “Kavitark Ram Shriram”. Forbes.^ “Dr. Prathap C. Reddy \u2013 Creating Emerging Markets \u2013 Harvard Business School”.^ “About MGR \u2013 the Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University”.^ “K.C.S.Paniker Profile”. www.cholamandalartistvillage.com.^ “Gemini Ganesan Biography \u2013 Gemini Ganesan Profile, Childhood & Filmography”.^ “Distinguished Alumni | RKMVC”.^ subramanian, anupama (6 August 2015). “Chennai has special place in my heart: Mahesh Babu”. Deccan Chronicle.^ “Vijay Amritraj”.^ “A sportsman nonpareil”. The Hindu. Archived from the original on 26 September 2002.External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/university-of-madras-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"University of Madras – Wikipedia"}}]}]