[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/uroczysko-baran-killing-fields-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/uroczysko-baran-killing-fields-wikipedia\/","headline":"Uroczysko Baran killing fields – Wikipedia","name":"Uroczysko Baran killing fields – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Location for secret executions of Poles by communist forces One of the mass graves of","datePublished":"2018-04-17","dateModified":"2018-04-17","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Gmina_K%C4%85kolewnica%2C_Poland_-_panoramio.jpg\/300px-Gmina_K%C4%85kolewnica%2C_Poland_-_panoramio.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Gmina_K%C4%85kolewnica%2C_Poland_-_panoramio.jpg\/300px-Gmina_K%C4%85kolewnica%2C_Poland_-_panoramio.jpg","height":"225","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/uroczysko-baran-killing-fields-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":4164,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaLocation for secret executions of Poles by communist forces  One of the mass graves of Uroczysko BaranThe Uroczysko Baran killing fields (Polish: miejsce zbrodni Uroczysko Baran, lit.\u2009‘Uroczysko Baran crime location’), often referred to in Poland as the “Little Katyn” or the “Second Katyn”, was the location for secret executions of soldiers and officers of the Polish Underground State, Home Army, and Second Army of Ludowe Wojsko Polskie  carried out by Communist forces on behalf of the NKVD, SMERSH, and PUBP in the later stages of World War II.[1][2]The killing fields at the Uroczysko Baran,[nb 1] also known as the Baran Forest,[3] are located on the outskirts of K\u0105kolewnica village in eastern Poland, near Radzy\u0144 Podlaski. It is estimated that up to 1,200[4] or 1,800[5][6] wartime members of the Home Army (AK), Freedom and Independence (WiN), the Agrarian Battalions of BCh, as well as Polish defectors drafted to the Communist armies, and alleged enemies of the people, were murdered there, with hands tied behind their backs, over execution pits, from late autumn 1944 until February 1945, .[7] The forensic examination of twelve exhumed bodies revealed multiple bone fractures: broken hands, limbs, hips, and cracked skulls indicating extreme beatings in detention, before execution.[4][5][6]Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Commemoration[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]The killing fields were known to the local people in K\u0105kolewnica from the beginning.[4] In July 1944, the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front under Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky was stationed in K\u0105kolewnica, removing cattle and plundering food supplies, throwing people out of their homes to make way for military lodgings, and setting up SMERSH and NKVD interrogation dungeons in the basements.[4] Soon, General \u015awierczewski with his LWP soldiers joined the fray. The Polish partisans from AK, WiN and BCh, captured in the vicinity \u2013 but also transported there from afar \u2013 like the soldiers of the 27th Home Army Infantry Division,[5] were executed across the vast area of the forest spanning well over a dozen hectares.[4] Mass graves were planted over with small pine trees by the killers. A symbolic cross was erected on site by some people in the summer of 1945. Removed by the Communist officials, it was often replaced by the locals under the cover of night.[4]The number of people murdered at Uroczysko Baran is unknown. Even the number of mass graves has not been established to this day.[5] After fifty years of Communist rule in Poland, the closely guarded site is now overgrown with mature trees. Partial documents found in the archives of the Polish Army prove only 43 official executions and 144 military court convictions, but the Soviet archives are either inaccessible or no longer exist.[2] Soon after the end of totalitarianism in Poland, the Institute of National Remembrance interviewed 110 witnesses.[7] There was only one forensic exhumation conducted at Uroczysko Baran. The human remains were reburied at a local cemetery in K\u0105kolewnica in 1990.[2] The IPN branch in Lublin states that some 2,000 anti-communist resistance fighters were detained in local prisons by the Stalinist security forces between 1944 and 1956, including 450 of the most prominent so-called “cursed soldiers”.[1]J\u00f3zef Franczak witnessed some of the killings. After Soviet troops entered the area, he was conscripted into the Polish Communist 2nd Army stationed in K\u0105kolewnica, where the military court was located. Franczak deserted in January 1945 and became a cursed soldier. He was shot dead in 1963.[8] At K\u0105kolewnica, and at the Uroczysko Baran, hundreds of detainees died without a trial. According to witnesses, military trucks covered with tarpaulin travelled back and forth between the two locations until November 1945, day in and day out.[7]Commemoration[edit]  The killings are the subject of a monograph  by Jan Ko\u0142kowicz published in 2007.[9]In 1980 a symbolic grave was created at the uroczysko. In May 1993 it was replaced with a monument consisting of a cast iron cross and a huge stone with tablets.[10] The monument was an initiative of Tadeusz Dzi\u0119ga, the K\u0105kolewnica parish parson, and a resident of the village of Jurki, Zbigniew Puck.[11]President of Poland Bronis\u0142aw Komorowski came to Uroczysko Baran on June 20, 2013, for a solemn ceremony of laying flowers and wreaths at the monument.[12]^ “Uroczysko” is the Polish term for a geographical location of arbitrary type, typically within a forest, somehow identified among its surroundings.  Baran means “ram” in Polish^ The left tablet on the stone says “O Panie, pomnij, \u017ce odszed\u0142em w m\u0119kach i cierpieniu, a ten los zgotowa\u0142 mi brat” (O Lord, remember that I went away in torment and suffering, and my brother prepared me this fate).The second tablet says “\u017bo\u0142nierzom Armii Krajowej i Drugiej Armii Wojska Polskiego zamordowanym przez NKWD             w latach 1944-1945. Wsp\u00f3\u0142towarzysze walki, rodziny, spolezcenstwo.”The tablet on the ground lists the names of the 42 identified victims. [1]References[edit]^ a b Ma\u0142gorzata Ko\u0142odziejczyk (January 9, 2017), “Are we going to learn the secrets of Uroczysko Baran? \u2013 Interview with Dariusz Magier, director of IPN Lublin” [Czy poznamy tajemnic\u0119 uroczyska Baran? \u2013 rozmowa z Dariuszem Magierem, dyrektorem IPN w Lublinie], Czego dotyczy\u0142 rekonesans na uroczysku Baran? Jakie b\u0119d\u0105 jego efekty?, RadzynInfo.pl, archived from the original on August 14, 2017^ a b c M.\u0141. (November 30, 2016), “Uroczysko Baran in K\u0105kolewnica \u2013 Location of communist murders” [Uroczysko \u201eBaran\u201d w K\u0105kolewnicy \u2013 miejsce komunistycznych zbrodni], \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: ipn.gov.pl, Portal Niezalezna.pl: S\u0142owo Niezale\u017cne Sp. z o.o., archived from the original on August 14, 2017^ Anna Wasak (June 14, 2016), “Commemorations at the Uroczysko Baran: Living lesson of history” [Uroczysto\u015bci na Uroczysku Baran: \u017bywa lekcja historii], Apel Poleg\u0142ych, Serwis internetowy Urz\u0119du Miasta Radzy\u0144 Podlaski, archived from the original on August 14, 2017^ a b c d e f Staff writer (June 18, 2014), “The Secrets of Uroczysko Baran” [Tajemnica Uroczyska Baran], Oddano ho\u0142d \u017co\u0142nierzom AK, NSZ, BCh oraz WiN, Mi\u0119dzyrzec.info, archived from the original on August 14, 2017^ a b c d Lublin112.pl (January 10, 2015), “Uroczysko Baran in K\u0105kolewnica: the Second Katyn” [Uroczysko “Baran” w K\u0105kolewnicy: Drugi Katy\u0144], Materia\u0142 Dziennikarza Obywatelskiego, Lublin.NaszeMiasto.pl, archived from the original on August 14, 2017^ a b Karolina Boguda\u0142 (2017-07-20), “At Uroczysko Baran known as Little Katyn, new exhumations to begin” [Uroczysko Baran: trwa poszukiwanie szcz\u0105tk\u00f3w ludzkich], W Uroczysku Baran w K\u0105kolewnicy, zwanym Ma\u0142ym Katyniem, rozpocz\u0119\u0142y si\u0119 prace poszukiwawczo – ekshumacyjne, archived from the original on 2017-08-14^ a b c Anna Wasak, Doomed Soldiers (2009), Kakolewnica, “Little Katyn” near Radzyn Podlaski: Unsolved Communist Crimes In Poland [K\u0105kolewnica, podlaski Katy\u0144] (in English and Polish), DoomedSoldiers.com, source: Nasz Dziennik, It is estimated that, between 1944 and 1945, some 1,300 to 1,800 Polish underground soldiers from the Home Army, NSZ, WiN and other patriotic organizations were murdered in the Kakolewnica forest known as Uroczysko Baran. The perpetrators were never brought to justice.^ Andrzej Solak, Ostatni z Wykl\u0119tych., archived from the original on 2006-06-26 Also in: Gazeta Wyborcza, Oddano ho\u0142d ostatniemu \u017co\u0142nierzowi podziemia niepodleg\u0142o\u015bciowego., archived from the original on 2013-04-16 IPN, Podziemie zbrojne na Lubelszczy\u017anie w latach 1939\u20131956 wobec dw\u00f3ch totalitaryzm\u00f3w., archived from the original on 2007-09-26 And: TVP, J\u00f3zef Franczak “Lalek”., archived from the original on 2007-09-30^ Jan Ko\u0142kowicz, ed. (2007). Uroczysko Baran\u00a0: w kr\u0119gu zbrodni. Imprint, Radzy\u0144 Podlaski: Radzy\u0144skie Stowarzyszenie Inicjatyw Lokalnych. 141 pp. ill. ISBN\u00a0978-8391163313. See also: book review by Wies\u0142aw Charczuk in: Radzy\u0144ski Rocznik Humanistyczny, Nr 5, 2007.^ “Uroczysko Baran, czyli  Ma\u0142y Katy\u0144”^ “Uroczysto\u015bci religijno-patriotyczne na uroczysku \u201eBaran\u201d w K\u0105kolewnicy”^ Micha\u0142 Maliszewski (June 21, 2013), “Poland’s President visits Uroczysko Baran near K\u0105kolewnica” [Prezydent odwiedzi\u0142 Uroczysko \u201eBaran\u201d ko\u0142o K\u0105kolewnicy], Ho\u0142d przy pomniku pomordowanych \u017co\u0142nierzy AK i WiN, IleDzisiaj.pl – Radzy\u0144 Podlaski, archived from the original on August 14, 2017External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki40\/uroczysko-baran-killing-fields-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Uroczysko Baran killing fields – Wikipedia"}}]}]