[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/murad-i-wikipedia-3\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/murad-i-wikipedia-3\/","headline":"Murad I – Wikipedia","name":"Murad I – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 3rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1362 to 1389 Murad I (Ottoman Turkish: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f","datePublished":"2018-08-20","dateModified":"2018-08-20","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/3_-Murad_I_map.PNG\/220px-3_-Murad_I_map.PNG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/3_-Murad_I_map.PNG\/220px-3_-Murad_I_map.PNG","height":"175","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/murad-i-wikipedia-3\/","wordCount":3424,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia3rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1362 to 1389Murad I (Ottoman Turkish: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644; Turkish: I. Murad, Murad-\u0131 H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r (nicknamed H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r, from Persian: \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631, romanized:\u00a0Khod\u0101vandg\u0101r, lit.\u2009‘the devotee of God’ \u2013 meaning “sovereign” in this context); 29 June 1326 \u2013 15 June 1389) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1362 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan Gazi and Nil\u00fcfer Hatun. Murad I came into the throne after his elder brother S\u00fcleyman Pasha’s death.Murad I conquered Adrianople, renamed it to Edirne,[2] and in 1363 made it the new capital of the Ottoman Sultanate.[3] Then he further expanded the Ottoman realm in Southern Europe by bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule, and forced the princes of Serbia and Bulgaria as well as the East Roman emperor John V Palaiologos to pay him tribute.[2] Murad I administratively divided his sultanate into the two provinces of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Rumelia (the Balkans).According to the Ottoman sources, Murad I’s titles included Bey, Em\u00eer-i a\u2019zam (Great Emir), Ghazi, H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r, Khan, Padishah, Sult\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019s-sel\u00e2t\u00een (Sultan of sultans), Melik\u00fc\u2019l-m\u00fcl\u00fbk (Malik of maliks), while in Bulgarian and Serbian sources he was referred to as Tsar. In a Genoese document, he was referred to as dominus armiratorum Turchie (Master lord of Turks).[4]  Map of the conquests of Murad I  16th century miniature depicting Murad IMurad fought against the powerful beylik of Karaman in Anatolia and against the Serbs, Albanians, Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. In particular, a Serb expedition to expel the Turks from Adrianople led by the Serbian brothers King Vuka\u0161in and Despot Uglje\u0161a, was defeated on September 26, 1371, by Murad’s capable second lieutenant Lala \u015e\u00e2hin Pa\u015fa, the first governor (beylerbey) of Rumeli. In 1385, Sofia fell to the Ottomans. In 1386 Prince Lazar Hrebeljanovi\u0107 defeated an Ottoman force at the Battle of Plo\u010dnik. The Ottoman army suffered heavy casualties, and was unable to capture Ni\u0161 on the way back.Battle of Kosovo[edit]    In 1389, Murad’s army defeated the Serbian Army and its allies under the leadership of Lazar at the Battle of Kosovo.There are different accounts from different sources about when and how Murad I was assassinated. The contemporary sources mainly noted that the battle took place and that both Prince Lazar and the Sultan lost their lives in the battle. The existing evidence of the additional stories and speculations as to how Murad I died were disseminated and recorded in the 15th century and later, decades after the actual event. One Western source states that during the first hours of the battle, Murad I was assassinated by Serbian nobleman and knight Milo\u0161 Obili\u0107 by knife.[5][6] Most Ottoman chroniclers[citation needed] (including Dimitrie Cantemir)[7] state that he was assassinated after the finish of the battle while going around the battlefield. His older son Bayezid, who was in charge of the left wing of the Ottoman forces, took charge after that. His other son, Yakub Bey, who was in charge of the other wing, was called to the Sultan’s command center tent by Bayezid, but when Yakub Bey arrived he was strangled, leaving Bayezid as the sole claimant to the throne.In a letter from the Florentine senate (written by Coluccio Salutati) to the King Tvrtko I of Bosnia, dated 20 October 1389, Murad I’s (and Jakub Bey’s) killing was described. A party of twelve Serbian lords slashed their way through the Ottoman lines defending Murad I. One of them, allegedly Milo\u0161 Obili\u0107, had managed to get through to the Sultan’s tent and kill him with sword stabs to the throat and belly.[8][page\u00a0needed]Murad’s internal organs were buried in Kosovo field and remain to this day on a corner of the battlefield in a location called Meshed-i Hudavendigar which has gained a religious significance for the local Muslims. It was vandalized between 1999\u20132006 and was renovated recently.[when?] His other remains were carried to Bursa, his Anatolian capital city, and were buried in a tomb at the complex built in his name.[9]He was the son of Orhan and Nil\u00fcfer Hatun, a slave concubine, who was of ethnic Greek descent.[10]Consorts[edit]Murad I had at least seven consorts:[11][12][13][14][15]Gul\u00e7icek Hatun. Slave concubine.Kera Tamara Hatun. Bulgarian princess, daughter of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria. Renowned for her beauty, she was forced to marry Murad when he conquered Bulgaria.Pa\u015fa Melek Hatun. Daughter of K\u0131z\u0131l Murad Bey.F\u00fclane Hatun. Daughter of Constantine of Kostendil, she married Murad in 1372. Two of her sisters married two of Murad’s sons, Bayezid I and Yakub \u00c7elebi.F\u00fclane Hatun. Daughter of C\u00e2nd\u00e2ro\u011flu S\u00fcleyman II Pa\u015fah and his first wife, married Murad in 1383.Maria Hatun. Born Maria Paleologa, she was the daughter of the Byzantine emperor John V and his wife Helena Kantakouzene. She married Murad in 1386, while two of her sisters married Murad’s sons Bayezid I and Yakub \u00c7elebi.F\u00fclane Hatun. Daughter of Ah\u00ee Seyyid Sult\u00e2n, married Murad in 1366.Sons[edit]Murad I had at least five sons:[11][12][14][15]Bayezid I (1360 – 1403) – with Gul\u00e7i\u00e7ek Hatun. Ottoman Sultan.Yakub \u00c7elebi (c. 1362 – 20 June 1389). Drowned on Bayezid’s orders.Savci Bey (c. 1364 – November 1385). Executed by his father after he rebelled against him. He had a son, Murad Bey, who fled to Hungary when his father died.Ibrahim Bey (c. 1365 – c. 1385). Buried in the Osman I mausoleum.Yah\u015fi Bey (? – before 1389).Daughter[edit]Murad I had at least four daughters:[12][14][15]\u00d6zer Hatun. Married with children. Her grandson Mehmed Bey held a post at court in 1426.Mihriali Hatun. She married Saruh\u00e2no\u011flu H\u0131z\u0131r Bey before 1389.Devlet Sultan Hatun. She married Karam\u00e2noglu Turgut Bey, by whom she had a son, Mahmud Bey.Nefise Melek Sultan  Hatun (c. 1363 – after 1400). She was married off to Karam\u00e2no\u011flu Al\u00e2edd\u00een Al\u00ee Bey in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the war. She had at least three sons by him: Mehmed II Bey (1379 – 1423), Alaeddin II Ali Bey (1381 – 1424) and O\u011fuz Bey (probably died in infancy). Widowed in 1387, she returned to live in Bursa, but on the death of Bayezid I returned to Karaman, where her son had assumed the throne.Further reading[edit]  16th century miniature of Murad INotes and references[edit]Notes:References:^ “Murad I”. www.theottomans.org.^ a b c “Murad I”. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.^ “In 1363 the Ottoman capital moved from Bursa to Edirne, although Bursa retained its spiritual and economic importance.” Ottoman Capital Bursa. Official website of Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey. Retrieved 19 December 2014.^ Halil \u0130nalc\u0131k (2006). “Murad I”. TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 31 (Muhammedi\u0307yye \u2013 M\u00fcn\u00e2zara) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp.\u00a0156\u2013164. ISBN\u00a0978-975-389-458-6.^ Helmolt, Ferdinand. The World’s History, p.293. W. Heinemann, 1907.^ Fine, John. The Late Medieval Balkans, p. 410. University of Michigan Press, 1994. ISBN\u00a00-472-08260-4.^ Cantemir, Dimitrie,  History of the Growth and Decay of the Osman Ottoman Empire, London 1734.[page\u00a0needed]^ Wayne S. Vucinich, Thomas A. Emmert (1991). Kosovo: Legacy of a Medieval Battle. University of Minnesota. ISBN\u00a09789992287552.^ “Me\u015fhed-i H\u00fcdavendigar \u2013 www.sultanmurad.com” (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-01-14.^ Lowry, Heath (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. Albany: SUNY Press. p.\u00a0153. ISBN\u00a00-7914-5636-6.^ a b Nikolay Antov – The Ottoman Wild West^ a b c Mustafa \u00c7a\u011fatay Ulu\u00e7ay – Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve K\u0131zlar\u0131^ Jennifer Lawler – Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire^ a b c Necdet Sakao\u011flu – Bu M\u00fclk\u00fcn Kad\u0131n Sultanlar\u0131^ a b c Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6ztuna, Devletler ve Hanedanlar Cilt 2External links[edit] Media related to Murad I at Wikimedia Commons"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/murad-i-wikipedia-3\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Murad I – Wikipedia"}}]}]