[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ali-ibn-muhammad-ibn-al-walid\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ali-ibn-muhammad-ibn-al-walid\/","headline":"Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid","name":"Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq Ali ibn al-Walid al-Abshami al-Qurashi In office 31 May 1209 \u2013","datePublished":"2019-11-09","dateModified":"2019-11-09","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ali-ibn-muhammad-ibn-al-walid\/","wordCount":2152,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaqAli ibn al-Walid al-Abshami al-QurashiIn office31 May 1209 \u2013 21 December 1215PredecessorAli ibn HatimSuccessorAli ibn HanzalaBornc.\u20091128Died21 December 1215 (aged\u00a086\u201387)BurialAli ibn Muhammad ibn Ja’far ibn Ibrahim ibn Abi Salama ibn al-Walid al-Abshami al-QurashiReligionTayyibi Isma’ilismAli ibn Muhammad ibn Ja’far ibn Ibrahim ibn Abi Salama ibn al-Walid al-Abshami al-Qurashi (Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0634\u064a; c.\u20091128\u00a0\u2013 21 December 1215) was the 5th Tayyibi Isma’ili D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq in Yemen from 1209 to his death in 1215. Descended from a noble lineage of the Quraysh, he was a noted scholar and Tayyibi theologian, and an author of several influential works on Tayyibi doctrine. Before becoming himself D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq, he served as senior deputy to the third and fourth D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaqs. His rise to the office inaugurated a period of two and a half centuries where it would be monopolized, with few exceptions, by members of his own family.Table of ContentsOrigin and early career[edit]Rule as D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq[edit]Writings[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]Origin and early career[edit]Ali had a distinguished lineage, being a scion of the Banu al-Walid al-Anf family of the Quraysh tribe, ultimately tracing his descent to Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy. He was a descendant of the 7th-century Umayyad prince al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan, while his great-grandfather Ibrahim ibn Abi Salama, known as Ibrahim al-Anf (“Ibrahim the Proud”), had been a follower of Ali al-Sulayhi, the Isma’ili founder of the Sulayhid dynasty that came to rule over most of Yemen, and was sent by him as an envoy to the Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In his youth he had been a student of his uncle, Ali ibn al-Husayn, who was then ma\u02bedh\u016bn (senior deputy) to the second D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq, Ibrahim ibn al-Husayn. After his uncle’s death, he studied under the ma\u02bedh\u016bn Muhammad ibn Tahir al-Harithi, and upon his death in 1188 succeeded him as ma\u02bedh\u016bn for the third D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq, Hatim ibn Ibrahim.He was stationed in Sana’a, where he took over the missionary efforts of Muhammad ibn Tahir, but frequently visited the Tayyibi headquarters at Hazar, and Hatim entrusted to Ali the education of his son, Ali ibn Hatim. It was on Ali’s suggestion that Hatim selected his son as his designated successor. When Hatim died in 1199, his son Ali succeeded him, until his death in 1209. During the reign of Ali ibn Hatim, the Tayyibis were expelled from Hazar and found refuge in Sana’a.Rule as D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq[edit]Ali ibn Hatim’s death on 31 May 1209 ended the Hamadi line of D\u0101\u02bf\u012bs without heir, and so Ali succeeded him. He ruled as D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq until his death, at Sana’a, on 21 December 1215 at the age of 90 years. The position of D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq (“absolute\/unrestricted missionary”) was the supreme authority of the Tayyibi community in their capacity as vicegerents of the absent Imam, the eponymous at-Tayyib Abu’l-Qasim, who remained in occultation.Although his immediate successor, Ali ibn Hanzala, was from the Banu Hamdan, in 1230 Ali’s son al-Husayn became the eighth D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq, and with a single interruption, the office would remain in the hands of the Banu al-Walid family continuously until 1539. Like most of his predecessors and successors, Ali enjoyed good relations with the Hamdanid dynasty ruling  Dhu Marmar, as well as the Ayyubid rulers of Sana’a.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4His grave is in Aghmur (Haraz), Yemen. His grave was not known for 600 years, until it was discovered in March 2019. The official announcement was made on 25 March 2019 by Mufaddal Saifuddin, the D\u0101\u02bf\u012b al-Mu\u1e6dlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra.[citation needed]Writings[edit]Extremely well-educated, he was held in high regard by both contemporaries and later Tayyibi scholars: Hatim ibn Ibrahim reportedly stated that in Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid were to be found all the qualifications required of a d\u0101\u02bf\u012b by the 10th-century Isma’ili d\u0101\u02bf\u012b Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Nisaburi. He was a “prolific author”, writing a series of important works on Tayyibi doctrine (\u1e25aq\u0101\u02beiq). Due to the high regard in which they were held by the Tayyibis, most have survived to the present day. Eight have been published in modern times, while the manuscripts of another eight have not yet been published.The works are:Kit\u0101b al-dhakh\u012bra f\u012b l-\u1e25aq\u012bqa, in 33 chapters, dealing with taw\u1e25\u012bd, cosmology and eschatology, the hierarchy of the da\u02bfwa, the imams and prophets, and a discussion on rewards and punishments for the faithful and their opponents. A modern edition was published by Muhammad Hasan al-A’zami, Beirut 1971.Ris\u0101lat jal\u0101\u02be al-\u02bfuq\u016bl wa-zubdat al-ma\u1e25\u1e63\u016bl, also dealing with taw\u1e25\u012bd, cosmological and eschatological issues; edited by Adil al-Awwa in Muntakhab\u0101t Ism\u0101\u02bf\u012bliyya, Damascus 1958, pp.\u00a080\u2013153.Ris\u0101lat al-\u012b\u1e0d\u0101\u1e25 wa-l-taby\u012bn, a short treatise on Tayyibi doctrines on the Creation, Isma’ili hierarchy, eschatology, and on the last Tayyibi imam, at-Tayyib Abu’l-Qasim. It was edited by Rudolf Strothmann and published in his Gnosis-Texte der Ismailiten. Arabische Handschrift Ambrosiana H 75, G\u00f6ttingen 1943, pp.\u00a0138\u2013158.Ris\u0101lat tu\u1e25fat al-murt\u0101d wa-ghu\u1e63\u1e63at al-a\u1e0dd\u0101d, a refutation of the rival Hafizi Isma’ili claims on the imamate, edited by Rudolf Strothmann in Gnosis-Texte der Ismailiten. Arabische Handschrift Ambrosiana H 75, G\u00f6ttingen 1943, pp.\u00a0159\u2013170.Ris\u0101la [f\u012b ma\u02bfn\u0101] al-ism al-a\u02bf\u1e93am, edited by Rudolf Strothmann and published in his Gnosis-Texte der Ismailiten. Arabische Handschrift Ambrosiana H 75, G\u00f6ttingen 1943, pp.\u00a0171\u2013177. The authorship of this treatise was unknown to Strothmann, and was identified as Ali ibn Muhammad by Ismail Poonawala.T\u0101j al-\u02bfaq\u0101\u02beid wa-ma\u02bfdin al-faw\u0101\u02beid, edited by Arif Tamir, Beirut, 1st edition 1967 and 2nd edition 1982. A summarized translation was published by Wladimir Ivanow, A Creed of the Fatimids, Bombay, Qayyima Press, 1936.D\u0101migh al-b\u0101\u1e6dil wa-\u1e25atf al-mun\u0101\u1e0dil, a two-volume refutation of al-Ghazali’s anti-Isma’ili work Kitab al-Mustazhiri, edited by Mustafa Ghalib, Beirut 1982.Al-Ris\u0101la al-muf\u012bda f\u012b shar\u1e25 mulghaz al-qa\u1e63\u012bda, a commentary on Avicenna’s Qa\u1e63\u012bdat al-nafs (“qasidas on the soul”), edited by al-Habib al-Faqi, in \u1e24awliyy\u0101t al-J\u0101mi\u02bfa al-T\u016bnusiyya, Vol. 17 (1979), pp.\u00a0117\u2013182.D\u012bw\u0101n Sayyidn\u0101 \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Mu\u1e25ammad al-Wal\u012bd, a collection (diwan) of over 100 poems, including eulogies of his teachers, as well as dealing with doctrinal matters and contemporary historical events. Excerpts have been published by Rudolf Strothmann in “Kleinere Ismailitische Schriften”, Islamic Research Association Miscellany, Vol. 1 (1948), pp.\u00a0145\u2013146 & 153\u2013163, and in Rabab Hamiduddin’s PhD thesis The Qasidah of the Tayyibi Da’wah and the Diwan of Syedna Ali B. Muhammad Al-Walid at the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London), 2001.\u1e0ciy\u1ea1\u0304\u02be al-alb\u0101b, unpublished manuscript.Lubb al-ma\u02bf\u0101rif, unpublished manuscript.Lub\u0101b al-faw\u0101\u02beid, unpublished manuscript.Ris\u0101lat mul\u1e25iqat al-adhh\u0101n, unpublished manuscript.Mukhta\u1e63ar al-u\u1e63\u016bl, a refutation of the doctrines of the Sunnis, Mu’tazilis, Zaydis, and the philosophers “who deny God all attributes”, still unpublished.Ris\u0101lat al-bay\u0101n wa-mud\u1e25i\u1e0dat al-buht\u0101n, a refutation of Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Ahwari, a rival of Hatim ibn Ibrahim for the position of D\u0101’\u012b al-Mutlaq. Unpublished manuscript.Maj\u0101lis al-nu\u1e63\u1e25 wa-l-bay\u0101n, unpublished manuscript.References[edit]Sources[edit]Sulayman bin HassanAli bin SulaymanIbrahim bin Muhammad bin al-Fahd al-MakramiMuhammad bin Isma’ilHibat-Allah bin IbrahimIsma’il bin Hibat-AllahHasan bin Hibat-AllahAbd-al-Ali bin HasanAbd-Allah bin AliYusuf bin AliHusayn bin HusaynIsma’il bin MuhammadHasan bin MuhammadHasan bin Isma’ilAhmad bin Isma’ilAbd-Allah bin AliAli bin Hibat-AllahAli bin MuhsinHusam-al-Din al-Hajj Ghulam HusaynSharaf-al-Din Husayn bin Ahmad al-MakramiJamal-al-Din Ali bin Sharaf-al-Din Husayn al-MakramiSharafi Hasan bin Husayn al-MakramiHusayn bin Isma’il al-MakramiAl-Fakhr\u012b \u2018Abdullah bin Muhammad     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ali-ibn-muhammad-ibn-al-walid\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid"}}]}]