[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ana-maria-campos-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ana-maria-campos-wikipedia\/","headline":"Ana Mar\u00eda Campos – Wikipedia","name":"Ana Mar\u00eda Campos – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Venezuelan fighter In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Campos and the second or maternal family","datePublished":"2014-12-07","dateModified":"2014-12-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ana-maria-campos-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":2755,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Venezuelan fighterIn this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is  Campos and the second or maternal family name is  Cubill\u00e1n de Fuentes.This is a colonial Spanish name: the last name is not a nominative; this person is properly referred to by the given name\u00a0Ana Mar\u00eda.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Ana Mar\u00eda de Campos y Cubill\u00e1n de Fuentes (American Spanish:\u00a0[\u02c8ana ma\u02c8\u027eia \u00f0e \u02c8kampos i ku\u03b2i\u02c8\u029dan de \u02c8fwentes]; April 2, 1796 \u2013 October 17, 1828)[1] was a resistance fighter in the Venezuelan War of Independence. She was given the honor of “heroine”, and is known as a “warrior” and a “martyr”.[2]Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Early life[edit]Resistance campaigns and arrest[edit]Battle of Lake Maracaibo[edit]References[edit]Early life[edit]Ana Mar\u00eda was the daughter of Domingo Jos\u00e9 de Campos y Perozo de Cervantes, and Mar\u00eda Ana Cubill\u00e1n de Fuentes y Vera. From a young age she was a supporter of the expulsion of the Spanish government.[2]She came from one of the most aristocratic families in the region,[note 1] and received the limited education that was traditional for women in such families, which was primarily restricted to the study of Catholicism. Despite this, she became learned in the arts of society and even in the chivalric code, becoming “known as an accomplished Amazona”.[2]Within high society, Ana Mar\u00eda was indirectly exposed to the writings and liberal thoughts of the Age of Enlightenment, and from a young age was reported as having “a thirst for liberty, equality and fraternity”, a thirst which would give her reason to resist the Royalist counter-coup of 1821-23.[2]Resistance campaigns and arrest[edit]Sympathetic to, and then active in, independence causes from childhood, Ana Mar\u00eda opened up the rooms of her large family home for the organisation of these forces, and plotted with them.[4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4She is perhaps best known for her actions during the Royalist occupation of Lake Maracaibo, headed up by Field Marshal Francisco Tom\u00e1s Morales. After hearing of Ana Mar\u00eda’s attempts to aid the revolution, in September 1822, Morales accused her of organising clandestine meetings to overthrow the crown and had her arrested.[4] One of the pieces of evidence given was something she said in one of the secret meetings: “Si Morales no capitula, monda!” \u2014 in the vernacular of the time, “If Morales does not surrender, he dies”.[2] She was personally questioned by Morales and confessed to saying the phrase, which had already become a popular chant in Maracaibo.[2]She refused to apologise to Spain, and was convicted and sentenced to a “public flagellation”. This entailed riding through the streets topless, specifically on a donkey instead of on horseback, turning the symbol into one of disgrace. She was lashed at the same time by the public executioner, Valent\u00edn Aguirre. It is reported that after every lash he asked her if she wanted to repent, and every time she answered, “Si no capitula, monda”.[2] After enduring the torture, she was released. However, the injuries sustained would eventually be the cause of her death.[2]Battle of Lake Maracaibo[edit]Though beaten, Ana Mar\u00eda lived several years longer. The year after her arrest and torture, the battle that she had sought for happened, the Battle of Lake Maracaibo, on July 24, 1823. Still weak from the torture, she took a supporting role in the battle. The revolutionaries won the battle, securing independence for Maracaibo, and forcing Morales to surrender.[2]Ana Mar\u00eda died at age 32, five years after the victory at Lake Maracaibo, from an epileptic seizure that came about from her torture injuries, on the shores of Lake Maracaibo on October 17, 1828.[2][5]Numerous sites in Maracaibo are named for Ana Mar\u00eda, including a street, a public square,[citation needed] and a petrochemical complex.[6] A monument in the public square bearing her name depicts Ana Mar\u00eda riding topless on a donkey as a man wields a whip behind her.[7]In areas of Zulia, the state of Ana Mar\u00eda’s birth, the bicentennial of her birth was celebrated with a large festival. There was also a push to create more biographies of her at this time, and the Ana Mar\u00eda Campos Orchestra was formed.[4] A popular tune in Venezuela was composed and dedicated to Ana Mar\u00eda, and is used to commemorate her. It is called the “Canci\u00f3n de primavera”, which translates as “Spring Song”. In 2016, the Legislative Council of Zulia established the Order Ana Mar\u00eda Campos, which is bestowed annually on local women “who actively fight for gender equality and women’s empowerment in the different social branches of the country”.[8]^ “Members of the lineage joined the lineage of Pineda and formed a third branch, whose most important representatives were: Mar\u00eda Antonia, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda, Miguel, Rafael, Gabriel and Joaquina de Campos y Pineda, who lived in the first half of the 18th century and had many descendants. These people settled in Maracaibo and continued visiting Los Puertos de Altagracia, where they had always had their big summer houses (Nagel von Jess, pp. 89-90). The descendants of Campos y Pineda are vastly numerous, being present in the city of Maracaibo and surrounding regions. Among his descendants are: the Guti\u00e9rrez de Celis, the Lossada and Ant\u00fanez, the Lares Baralt, the Peredo Hill, and von Jess Lossada, among others.”[3]References[edit]^ “Alberto Ardila Michael Piloto ||\/\/ Un 17 de octubre de 1828 fallece Ana Mar\u00eda Campos”. www.entornointeligente.com. Retrieved October 17, 2017.^ a b c d e f g h i j “Ana Mar\u00eda Campos hero\u00edna en la Guerra de Independencia de Venezuela”. Venezuelan Ministry of Women and Gender Equality (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.^ Nagel von Jess, Kurt (1969). Algunas families maracaiberas [Some Maracaibo Families] (in Spanish). University of Zulia. OL\u00a05731167M.^ a b c “ANA MAR\u00cdA CAMPOS, UNA HERO\u00cdNA ALTAGRACIANA”. El Zuliano Rajao (in Spanish). Retrieved September 4, 2018.^ “Hoy recordamos en detalle el fallecimiento de la hero\u00edna Ana Mar\u00eda Campos”. Noticia al d\u00eda (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.^ Hoggett, Linus (March 17, 2009). “Ana Mar\u00eda Campos complex produces 1.75Mt in 2008”. bnamericas.com. Retrieved October 16, 2018.^ Diaz, Veronica (October 18, 2017). “Ana Mar\u00eda Campos: O capitula o Monda” [Ana Mar\u00eda Campos: O capitula o Monda]. cuatrof.net (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2018.^ “CLEZ entrega la orden Ana Mar\u00eda Campos a Primera Combatiente del Zulia” [CLEZ delivers the Order Ana Mar\u00eda Campos to First Combatant of Zulia]. versionfinal.com.ve (in Spanish). October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2018.     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