[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/djidjelli-expedition-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/djidjelli-expedition-wikipedia\/","headline":"Djidjelli expedition – Wikipedia","name":"Djidjelli expedition – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The Djidjelli expedition[4] was a 1664 military expedition by Louis XIV to seize the port of Djidjelli and establish","datePublished":"2016-03-21","dateModified":"2016-03-21","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Th%C3%A9odore_Gudin-Combat_d%27un_vaisseau_fran%C3%A7ais_et_de_deux_gal%C3%A8res_barbaresques_mg_5061.jpg\/220px-Th%C3%A9odore_Gudin-Combat_d%27un_vaisseau_fran%C3%A7ais_et_de_deux_gal%C3%A8res_barbaresques_mg_5061.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/16\/Th%C3%A9odore_Gudin-Combat_d%27un_vaisseau_fran%C3%A7ais_et_de_deux_gal%C3%A8res_barbaresques_mg_5061.jpg\/220px-Th%C3%A9odore_Gudin-Combat_d%27un_vaisseau_fran%C3%A7ais_et_de_deux_gal%C3%A8res_barbaresques_mg_5061.jpg","height":"104","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/djidjelli-expedition-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3770,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4The Djidjelli expedition[4] was a 1664 military expedition by Louis XIV to seize the port of Djidjelli and establish a naval base against the Barbary corsairs. There was a disagreement among the leaders of the expedition as to what its objectives should be. Ultimately the town of Djidjelli was taken easily, but after three months, heavily besieged and deprived of reinforcements by an outbreak of plague, the French abandoned the city and returned home.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsBackground[edit]The taking of Djidjelli[edit]Reinforcement and retreat[edit]Wreck of La Lune[edit]Consequences[edit]Documentaries[edit]Bibliography[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Background[edit]  The young king Louis XIV wanted to safeguard trade by the French merchant navy, which was continually being attacked by Barbary Coast pirates coming from the regencies of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, under Ottoman administration and protection.[5]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The expedition chose to attack a city halfway between Algiers and Tunis. The plan was to seize and fortify it, using it as an advance post for attacks against the corsairs, as the English were then doing from Tangier. They considered Bougie, B\u00f4ne and Stora, near a French commercial outpost known as the Bastion de France, but eventually chose Djidjelli. This choice led to conflict between the commander of the expedition, his second in command, and the engineer in charge of fortifications. Even before the expedition embarked there was a disagreement between the Duke of Beaufort and the Count of Gadagne who wished to disembark at Bougie “then abandoned, better situated and more within reach of help than Djidjelli”.[6]The taking of Djidjelli[edit]  French expedition to Djidjelli, 1664The fleet mustered in Toulon on 2 July 1664 and made anchor at Bougie on 21 July after stopping in Menorca, where it was joined by Maltese galleys.On the morning of 23 July 1664, the galleys advanced to shore and threatened the forces defending Djidjelli with their artillery, providing cover for the  longboats (chaloupes) to ferry troops to shore near a landmark called le Marabout.[7] The choice of this landing place, which contained a shrine  and a cemetery, prompted increased resistance from the inhabitants.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The disembarking army consisted of about 4000 men, and the Maltese battalion 1200 men. The order was as follows: first the Picardy regiment commanded by M. de Vivonne disembarked, and then the Count of Gadagne at the head of the Maltese battalion, then the Duke of Beaufort and Mar\u00e9chal de camp La Guillotiere.[8] The royal troops took Djidjelli the same day without much difficulty. The Count of Vivonne met with stiffer resistance at Le Marabout, but the Kabyles soon abandoned their positions to retreat into the mountains and the expeditionary force set up camp for the night.Heavy fighting took place the next day. The Moors were seen waving a white flag, so the order was given to cease fire. The French seized this opportunity to parley and establish friendly relations, but the Kabyles ambushed the expedition and caused serious casualties.[9] The intervention of the Maltese battalion under Charles-F\u00e9lix de Gal\u00e9an counterattacked and drove off the raiders. The expedition lost 400 men and the Moors lost as many on their own side.The forces opposing the expedition were the Kabyles of the kingdom of Koukou and of B\u00e9ni Abb\u00e8s. Because they were opposed to the Regency of Algiers, they at first refused its offer of military assistance against the Europeans.[10] However, after failing to retake Djidjelli themselves they eventually allowed the troops of the bey of Constantine and of the Regency of Algiers to pass through their territories to reinforce them.[11] However an attack on the city by Kabyles was repulsed by the French on 6 October 1664.Reinforcement and retreat[edit]On 20 September, to reinforce the initial expedition, a convoy of six vessels and six barques laden with foodstuffs left France for Africa. Military reinforcements followed shortly afterwards: Damien de Martel\u00a0[fr] left Toulon on 18 October with a squadron consisting of the Dauphin (flagship), the Soleil, La Lune, the Notre-Dame, the Esp\u00e9rance (fl\u00fbte) and the Triton (fireboat).  He arrived in Djidjelli on 22 October carrying two cavalry companies from the regiment of Conti.[12] The convoy also brought a message from the king, who had been informed of the discord between the heads of the expedition. It commanded the Duke of Beaufort to leave command of operations to de Gadagne. Beaufort and his fleet therefore left Djidjelli for good on 22 October.With the outbreak of plague in Toulon, the departure of any further reinforcements or supplies was cancelled.[13] Still besieged and judging Djidjelli too difficult to hold, the French demolished it\u2019s fortifications and abandoned it, taking ship during the night of 30\u201331 October 1664.[14] First to be taken aboard were the unreliable elements among the troops, who were “saying out loud that they were going to become Turks”.[15] The retreat was carried out using Martel\u2019s vessels, which arrived in France on 22 October.Wreck of La Lune[edit]On its return to France, the fleet was sent into quarantine at \u00eele de Porquerolles by the Parlement de Provence because of the plague. La Lune, an old three-master, was already in pitiful condition and poorly-repaired. It broke in two and sank near Toulon, before the \u00celes d’Hy\u00e8res, with ten companies of the Picardy regiment aboard. More than 700 men drowned, among them General de la Guilloti\u00e8re, one of the two mar\u00e9chaux de camp of the Count de Gadagne.[16][17] A hundred or so survivors managed to reach Port-Cros, but, abandoned on this desert island 7\u00a0km2, they all starved. The captain of the ship, fr:Fran\u00e7ois de Livenne de Verdille, and Antoine Bo\u00ebsset de La Villedieu (aide de camp of General de la Guilloti\u00e8re) both managed to escape by swimming. There were only 24 survivors.[18]Consequences[edit]On 25 August 1665, the Duke of Beaufort destroyed two Algerian corsair ships and captured three others. On one of the latter he found the artillery that had been abandoned at Djidjelli in October 1664.[19]A peace treaty was signed between the Duke of Beaufort and the Regency of Tunis on 25 November 1665. A second treaty was concluded with the Regency of Algiers on 17 May 1666. However, it was not until after the bombardment of Algiers by Admiral Duquesne in 1682 that the comptoir fran\u00e7ais of the Bastion de France re-opened.Documentaries[edit]Marie-Chantal Aiello, La Lune et le Roi Soleil: Retour sur une trag\u00e9die navale, (La Lune and the Sun King: Return to a Naval Tragedy), 13 Production, France 3 M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \/ C.M.C.A \/ IFREMER, 1994L\u2019\u00e9pave de la Lune, (The Wreck of La Lune), La Marche des sciences, France Culture, broadcast 12\/07\/2012 1Bibliography[edit]Antoine Augustin Bruzen de La Martini\u00e8re and Yves Joseph La Motte, Histoire de la vie et du r\u00e8gne de Louis XIV, (History of the Life and Reign of Louis XIV), vol. 3, J. Van Duren, 1741Louis XIV (1806). \u0152uvres de Louis XIV: Lettres particuli\u00e8res [Works of Louis XIV: Personal Letters]. Vol.\u00a0V. Paris: Treuttel et W\u00fcrtz.Ernest Mercier, Histoire de l’Afrique septentrionale (Berb\u00e9rie) depuis les temps les plus recul\u00e9s jusqu’\u00e0 la conqu\u00eate fran\u00e7aise (1830s) (History of North Africa (Barbary Coast) from Earliest Times to the French Conquest (1830s)), vol. 3, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1891Guy Turbet-Delof, L’Affaire de Djidjelli (1664) dans la presse fran\u00e7aise du temps, (The Djidjelli Affair (1664) in the French Press of the Time), Taffard, 1968Bernard Bachelot, Louis XIV en Alg\u00e9rie: Gigeri 1664, (Louis XIV in Algeria: Higher 1664), Monaco, \u00c9ditions du Rocher, Art de la guerre collection, 2003 (reprint October 2011), 460 p. (ISBN\u00a0978-2-268-04832-1, OCLC 53374515)Bernard Bachelot and Michel Albert, Raison d’\u00e9tat (Reasons of State), Paris, L’Harmattan, 2009, 171 p. (ISBN\u00a0978-2-296-08423-0, OCLC 318870802)Bernard Bachelot, L\u2019Exp\u00e9dition de Gig\u00e9ri, 1664: Louis XIV en Alg\u00e9rie, (The Gig\u00e9ri Expedition 1664: Louis XIV in Algeria) Les \u00e9ditions Maison, Illustoria collection, 2014, 104 p. (ISBN\u00a02-917575-48-4)Michel Verg\u00e9-Franceschi (dir.), Jean Kessler (scientific advisor) et al., Dictionnaire d’Histoire maritime, (Dictionary of Naval History), \u00e9ditions Robert Laffont, Bouquins collection, 2002 (ISBN\u00a09782221087510 and 9782221097441)Guy Le Moing, Les 600 plus grandes batailles navales de l’Histoire, (The 600 Greatest Naval Battles of History), Rennes, Marines \u00c9ditions, May 2011, 620 p. (ISBN\u00a0235743077X and 9782357430778, OCLC 743277419)Bachelot, Bernard (2003). Louis XIV en Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0: Gigeri 1664 [Louis XIV in Algeria: Giger 1664]. Monaco: Rocher. ISBN\u00a02268048322. Document used to draft articleSee also[edit]References[edit]^ Revue de l’Orient, de l’Alg\u00ebrie et des colonies, (Review of the Orient, of Algeria and the Colonies), Volume 2 (1843); p. 204. read online^ a b c G\u00e9rard Poumar\u00e8de, La France et les Barbaresques (France and the Barbary Coast) in \u00c9tienne Taillemite, Denis Lieppe, Rivalit\u00e9s maritimes europ\u00e9ennes: xvie\u2009\u2013\u2009xixe si\u00e8cles, (European Naval Rivalries: 16th – 19th Centuries), Revue d’histoire maritime no 4 PUPS, PUF, Presses Paris Sorbonne, 2005, p. 133^ Louis XIV 1806, p. 198, note^ also called “exp\u00e9dition de Gig\u00e9ri “, “exp\u00e9dition de Gigery “, “exp\u00e9dition de Gigelly”,  “Gergily affair”, “Djidjelli affair” or “campaign of Africa”^ Jo\u00eblle Chev\u00e9 (2015). Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se d’Autriche: Epouse de Louis XIV [Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se of Austria: Wife of Louis XIV] (in French). Pygmalion. p.\u00a0568. ISBN\u00a09782756417516.^ Louis XIV 1806, pp.\u00a0237\u2013238, note^ “marabout” translates as “hermit”^ Jean Scholastique Pitton (1666). Histoire De La Ville D’Aix, Capitale De La Provence. Contenant Tovt Ce Qui S’Y Est Pass\u00e9 De Plvs m\u00e9morable dans son Estat Politique, d\u00e9puis sa Fondation jusques en l’ann\u00e9e mil six cens soixante-cinq. Recveillie Des Avthevrs Grecs, Latins, Fran\u00e7ois, Prouen\u00e7aus, Espagnols, Italiens et surtout des Chartes tir\u00e9es des Archiues du Roy, de l’Eglise, de la Maison de Ville, et des Notaires. Par Charles David Imprimeur du Roy, du Clerg\u00e9, et de la Ville. pp.\u00a0495\u2013.^ Revue de l’Orient, de l’Alg\u00ebrie et des colonies, Volume 2 (1843); p. 205. url^ Bachelot 2003, p.\u00a0304^ Bachelot 2003, p.\u00a0276^ Olivier Lef\u00e8vre d’Ormesson, Journal d’Olivier Lef\u00e8vre d’Ormesson: et extraits des m\u00e9moires d’Andr\u00e9 Lef\u00e8vre d’Ormesson, (Journal of Olivier Lef\u00e8vre d’Ormesson: and Extracts from the Memoirs of Andr\u00e9 Lef\u00e8vre d’Ormesson), vol. 2, Imprimerie imp\u00e9riale, 1861, p.246^ Duc Paul de Noailles, Histoire de Madame de Maintenon et des principaux \u00e9v\u00e9nements du r\u00e8gne de Louis XIV, (History of Madame de Maintenon and of the Primary Events of the Reign of Louis XIV), Volume 3, Comptoir des imprimeurs-unis, Lacroix-Comon, 1857, p.666^ Isaac de Larrey, Histoire de France sous le r\u00e8gne de Louis XIV, (History of France in the Reign of Louis XIV), vol. 1, Michel Bohm & Cie., Rotterdam 1734, p.464^ Jal, 1873, p. 320^ Yves Durand; Jean-Pierre Bardet (2000). \u00c9tat et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en France aux XVII – VIIIe siecles [Society and the State in France During the 17th-18th Centuries I]. Presses Paris Sorbonne. p.\u00a0514.^ Auguste Jal & Abraham Duquesne, Abraham Du Quesne et la marine de son temps, Plon, 1873, p.\u00a0598.^ Bernard Bachelot (2009). Raison d’\u00c9tat. L’Harmattan. p.\u00a030.^ Louis XIV 1806, p.\u00a0305, note     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/djidjelli-expedition-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Djidjelli expedition – Wikipedia"}}]}]