Double First Class University Plan

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Chinese university development plan

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The World First Class University and First Class Academic Discipline Construction (Chinese: 世界一流大学和一流学科建设), together known as Double First Class (Chinese: 双一流; pinyin: shuāngyīliú),[1][2] is a tertiary education development initiative designed by the People’s Republic of China central government in 2015,[3] which aims to comprehensively develop elite Chinese universities into world-class institutions by the end of 2050 through developing and strengthening their individual faculty departments.[4][5] The Double First-Class University Plan has made new arrangements for the Chinese higher education institution development. The universities included in this plan are called Double First Class Universities.[2][4][6]

The Double First-Class Universities are considered to be the most elite institutions of Chinese tertiary education, representing the top 5% of overall universities and colleges in Mainland China (approximately 3,000 higher education institutions).[2][7]

History[edit]

In October 2015, the State Council of China published the ‘Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First Class Universities and First Class Disciplines’ (Double First Class University Plan), which made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China, replacing previous higher education projects.[4][8]

In June 2016, the Ministry of Education of China announced that the Project 211 and Project 985 had been abolished and replaced by the Double First Class University Initiative.[9][10]

In September 2017, the full list of the universities and their disciplines of the Double First Class University Plan was jointly published by the Ministry of Education of China, the Ministry of Finance of China and the National Development and Reform Commission of China. According to the list, 140 universities have been approved as ‘Double First Class Universities’ by the State Council of China. The Double First Class University Plan underlines that driving the overall development of universities by building and strengthening their faculties and departments, and eventually developing the 140 listed elite universities into world-class universities by 2050.[4][11][1]

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The Double First Class University Plan represents a new way of ranking universities in China.[11] By 2021, the 140 Double First Class Universities accounted for roughly 4.65% of the 3,012 universities and colleges in Mainland China,[7] representing the most elite part of higher education institutions in this country.[12][13]

In December 2021, the 23rd meeting of Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission chaired by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping deliberated and approved ‘Some Suggestions on Further Promoting the Construction of World First Class Universities and First Class Disciplines’.[14]

In February 2022, the ‘Some Suggestions on Further Promoting the Construction of World First Class Universities and First Class Disciplines’ were jointly published by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission.[15] In addition, with the approval of the State Council of China, the updated list of “Double First Class Universities” has been released. According to the Phase 2 List of the Double First Class University Plan, the previous university classifications have been abolished,[16][17] and a total number of 147 universities have been included in the plan (accounted for 4.88% of 3,012 Chinese higher education institutions), after 7 universities newly adding into the list since February 2022.[18]

Double First Class Universities[edit]

The Phase 1 list of 140 Double First Class Universities were issued by Chinese Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, and National Development and Reform Commission without any ranking within the lists (by “school code”) in 2017.[1] In February 2022, the Ministry of Education of China announced that the classifications had been invalidated,[16] and the universities included in the Double First Class University Plan would be referred to as Double First Class Universities.[19][6] According to the updated Phase 2 list of the Double First Class University Plan (without any ranking within the list), a total of 147 universities have been approved and recognized as Double First Class Universities, taking up 4.88% of universities and colleges in China.[18]

Double First Class Universities listing follow in alphabetical order[edit]

Double First Class Universities listing based on geographical locations[edit]

* represent the newly added universities in the Phase 2 list of Double First Class University Plan.

Assessment and Rankings[edit]

The Double First Class University Plan underlines that developing the listed Chinese elite universities into world-class universities by 2050 through strengthening their developments of disciplines and faculties.[4]

On 18 September 2020, the members of “Double First Class” expert valuation group, which was headed by Lin Huiqing, Chairman of the Medical Education Expert Committee of the Ministry of Education and former Vice Minister of the Ministry of Education, unanimously agreed that Tsinghua University has been fully established as a world-class university.[20]

According to the ‘Phase 2 List of the Double First-Class University Initiative’ jointly published by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission in February 2022, 15 Double First-Class Universities received warnings on their Double First-Class status revocation (including Anhui University, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University, Huazhong Normal University, Inner Mongolia University, Liaoning University, Ningbo University, Ningxia University, Northeast Normal University, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Tibet University, Third Military Medical University, Xinjiang University, Yanbian University, and Zhongnan University of Economics and Law). These 15 universities are required to rectify and improve their research qualities and development, and if the universities fail to pass the final assessment in 2023, they will lose their Double First-Class University statuses.[21][22]

See also[edit]

  • List of universities in China
  • Excellence League, an alliance of leading Chinese universities with strong backgrounds in engineering
  • Project 985, an abolished project of developing 39 leading research universities in China
  • Project 211, an abolished program for developing China’s comprehensive universities
  • State Key Laboratories, a list of key laboratories receiving support from the central government of the P.R. China
  • BRICS Universities League, a consortium of leading research universities from BRICS countries
  • Imperial Universities, a grouping of elite older universities in Japan
  • Golden Triangle (universities), a group of elite universities in the UK
  • Ivy League, a formal grouping of elite private universities in the United States
  • Russell Group, a grouping of research intensive universities in the UK
  • TU9, alliance of nine leading Technical Universities in Germany
  • SKY (universities), a group of prestigious Korean universities
  • Canadian U15, a group of 15 research intensive universities in Canada
  • Go8, a coalition of 8 research intensive Australian universities

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c “教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines)” (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c “Implementation measures released for China’s new world-class university policy”. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  3. ^ “Print China sets direction for world class universities”. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e “国务院关于印发统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案的通知_政府信息公开专栏”. www.gov.cn. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  5. ^ “China to develop 42 world-class universities”. People’s Daily. September 21, 2017. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  6. ^ a b “教育部2022年工作要点 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站”. www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  7. ^ a b “全国高等学校名单 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站”. www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  8. ^ Li, Jian; Xue, Eryong (2021), Li, Jian; Xue, Eryong (eds.), “The Policy Analysis of Creating World-Class Universities in China”, Creating World-Class Universities in China : Ideas, Policies, and Efforts, Exploring Education Policy in a Globalized World: Concepts, Contexts, and Practices, Singapore: Springer, pp. 1–33, doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6726-8_1, ISBN 978-981-16-6725-1, S2CID 240467383, archived from the original on April 17, 2022
  9. ^ “教育部 国务院学位委员会 国家语委关于 　　宣布失效一批规范性文件的通知 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站”. www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  10. ^ ““985””211″工程将废除 教育部:年内启动”双一流”_新闻频道_中华网”. news.china.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  11. ^ a b “双一流大学 (shuāngyīliú dàxué): Double top university plan”. Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  12. ^ “Higher education making steady progress”. global.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  13. ^ “‘World-class’ universities list expanded”. global.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  14. ^ “习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二十三次会议强调 加快建设全国统一大市场提高政府监管效能 深入推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设-新华网”. www.news.cn. Archived from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  15. ^ “教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委关于深入推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设的若干意见 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站”. www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  16. ^ a b 财经头条. “教育部：双一流高校不再区分A类B类，避免划分”三六九等”“. cj.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  17. ^ “‘World-class’ universities list expanded – People’s Daily Online”. en.people.cn. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  18. ^ a b “教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委关于公布第二轮”双一流”建设高校及建设学科名单的通知 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站”. www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  19. ^ “教育部：逐步淡化一流大学建设高校和一流学科建设高校的身份色彩”. news.cyol.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  20. ^ Tsinghua University. ““Double First Class” Expert Council: Tsinghua University is fully built into a world-class university”. Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  21. ^ “教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 　　关于公布第二轮”双一流”建设高校及 　　建设学科名单的通知 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站”. www.moe.gov.cn. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  22. ^ “16个首轮”双一流”建设学科被公开警示或撤销，如何看待-光明日报-光明网”. epaper.gmw.cn. Retrieved January 26, 2023.


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