[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/farallon-plate-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/farallon-plate-wikipedia\/","headline":"Farallon Plate – Wikipedia","name":"Farallon Plate – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Ancient oceanic plate that has mostly subducted under the North American Plate after-content-x4","datePublished":"2022-10-15","dateModified":"2022-10-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Pacific_Ocean_180Ma.jpg\/300px-Pacific_Ocean_180Ma.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Pacific_Ocean_180Ma.jpg\/300px-Pacific_Ocean_180Ma.jpg","height":"150","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/farallon-plate-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2608,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Ancient oceanic plate that has mostly subducted under the North American Plate         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Map of the Panthalassic ocean c. 180 mya, showing the position of the Farallon PlateThe Farallon Plate was an ancient oceanic plate. It formed one of the three main plates of Panthalassa, alongside the Phoenix Plate and Izanagi Plate, which were connected by a triple junction. The Farallon Plate began subducting under the west coast of the North American Plate\u2014then located in modern Utah\u2014as Pangaea broke apart and after the formation of the Pacific Plate at the centre of the triple junction during the Early Jurassic. It is named for the Farallon Islands, which are located just west of San Francisco, California.Over time, the central part of the Farallon Plate was completely subducted under the southwestern part of the North American Plate. The remains of the Farallon Plate are the Juan de Fuca, Explorer and Gorda Plates, subducting under the northern part of the North American Plate; the Cocos Plate subducting under Central America; and the Nazca Plate subducting under the South American Plate.[1]The Farallon Plate is also responsible for transporting old island arcs and various fragments of continental crustal material rifted off from other distant plates and accreting them to the North American Plate.These fragments from elsewhere are called terranes (sometimes, “exotic” terranes). Much of western North America is composed of these accreted terranes.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4  Formation of the Juan de Fuca (including Explorer and Gorda) and Cocos plates (including Rivera) and of the San Andreas Fault from the Farallon plateTable of ContentsCurrent state[edit]Historic view[edit]Farallon Plate subduction forms North American Cordillera[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Current state[edit]  Region of the modern Cascadia subduction zoneThe understanding of the Farallon Plate is rapidly evolving as details from seismic tomography provide improved details of the submerged remnants.[2] Since the North American west coast shows a convoluted structure, significant work has been required to resolve the complexity.  In 2013 a new and more nuanced explanation emerged, proposing two additional now-subducted plates which would account for some of the complexity.[3]Historic view[edit]As data accumulated, a common view developed that one large oceanic plate, the Farallon plate, acted as a conveyor belt, conveying terranes to North America’s west coast, where they accreted. As the continent overran the subducting Farallon plate, the denser plate became subducted into the mantle below the continent. When the plates converged, the dense oceanic plate sank into the mantle to form a slab below the lighter continent.[4]Farallon Plate subduction forms North American Cordillera[edit]  A software model by NASA of the remnants of the Farallon Plate, deep in Earth’s mantleAs of 2013[update], it is generally accepted that the western quarter of North America consists of accreted terrane accumulated over the past 200 million years as a result of the oceanic Farallon plate moving  terranes onto the continental margin as it subducts under the continent. However this simple model was unable to explain many terrane complexities, and is inconsistent with seismic tomographic images of subducting slabs penetrating the lower-mantle. In April 2013 Sigloch and Mihalynuk noted that under North America these subducting slabs formed massive, essentially vertical walls of 800\u00a0km to 2,000\u00a0km deep and 400\u2013600\u00a0km wide, forming “slab walls”. One such large “slab wall” runs from north-west Canada to the eastern U.S. and extends to Central America; this “slab wall” had traditionally been associated with the subducting Farallon plate. Sigloch and Mihalynuk proposed that the Farallon should be partitioned into Northern Farallon, Angayucham, Mezcalera and Southern Farallon segments based on recent tomographic models. Under this model, the North American continent overrides a series of subduction trenches and incorporates microcontinents (similar to those in the modern-day Indonesian Archipelago) as it moves west in the following sequence:[5]165\u2013155 Myr ago the Mezcalera promontory (the leading terrane to strike North America) strikes land and begins to be overridden. The overridden segment is replaced by an incipient South Farallon trench.160\u2013155 Myr ago the Rocky Mountain deformation begins, recorded by a synorogenic (formed contemporaneously with the orogen) clastic wedge. The Franciscan subduction complex on the South Farallon plate begins.125 Myr ago the collision of the North America margin with an archipelago of terranes (Mezcalera \/ Angayucham \/Southern Farallon island arcs) begins. This broad expanse causes strong deformations and  creates the Sevier Mountains and the Canadian Rocky Mountains.124\u201390 Myr ago  the Omineca magmatic belts are formed in the Pacific Northwest along with a gradual override of the Mezcalera promontory by the Pacific Northwest.85 Myr ago the South Farallon trench moves westward after accretion of the Shatsky Rise Conjugate plateau. Sonora volcanism results from the slab sinking. The Tarahumara ignimbrite province is formed.85\u201355 Myr ago Strong transpressive coupling of Farallon plate to terranes produces the buoyant Shatsky Rise. The Laramide orogeny results from basement uplift more than 1,000\u00a0km inland.72\u201369 Myr ago the Angayucham arc, is overridden by North America and Carmacks volcanic episode results.85\u201355 Myr ago Conjugate subducts. Northward shuffle of Insular terrane, Intermontane terrane, and Angayucham terranes along margin.55\u201350 Myr ago saw the override of the Cascadia Root arc by the Pacific Northwest along with accretion of the Siletzia and Pacific Rim terranes.55\u201350 Myr ago Final override of westernmost Angayucham occurred, with an explosive end of Coast Mountain arc volcanismWhen the final archipelago, the Siletzia archipelago, lodged as a terrane, the associated trench stepped west as the terrane accreted, converting an intra-oceanic subduction trench into the current Cascadia subduction zone and creating a slab window.[6]See also[edit]References[edit]NotesBibliographyGoes, Saskia (April 2013). “Western North America’s jigsaw”. Nature. 496 (7443): 25\u201327. Bibcode:2013Natur.496…35G. doi:10.1038\/496035a. PMID\u00a023552938. S2CID\u00a0205076929.Sigloch, Karin; Mihalynuk, Mitchell G. (4 April 2013). “Intra-oceanic subduction shaped the assembly of Cordilleran North America”. Nature. 496 (7443): 50\u201356. Bibcode:2013Natur.496…50S. doi:10.1038\/nature12019. PMID\u00a023552944. S2CID\u00a0205233259.Schellart, W. P.; Stegman, D. R.; Farrington, R. J.; Freeman, J.; Moresi, L. (16 July 2010). “Cenozoic Tectonics of Western North America Controlled by Evolving Width of Farallon Slab”. Science. 329 (5989): 316\u2013319. Bibcode:2010Sci…329..316S. doi:10.1126\/science.1190366. PMID\u00a020647465. S2CID\u00a012044269.Schmid, C.; Goes, S.; van der Lee, S.; Giardini, D. (2002). “Fate of the Cenozoic Farallon slab from a comparison of kinematic thermal modeling with tomographic images” (PDF). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 204 (1\u20132): 17\u201332. Bibcode:2002E&PSL.204…17S. doi:10.1016\/S0012-821X(02)00985-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2013-04-04.External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/farallon-plate-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Farallon Plate – Wikipedia"}}]}]