[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric-acid-wikipedia-5\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric-acid-wikipedia-5\/","headline":"gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid – Wikipedia","name":"gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Anticonvulsant drug \u03b3-Amino-\u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB), also known as \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b3-aminobutyric acid (\u03b2-hydroxy-GABA), and sold","datePublished":"2020-06-28","dateModified":"2020-06-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric-acid-wikipedia-5\/","wordCount":4042,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Anticonvulsant drug\u03b3-Amino-\u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB), also known as \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b3-aminobutyric acid (\u03b2-hydroxy-GABA), and sold under the brand name Gamibetal among others, is an anticonvulsant which is used for the treatment of epilepsy in Europe, Japan, and Mexico.[1][2] It is a GABA analogue, or an analogue of the neurotransmitter \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and has been found to be an endogenous metabolite of GABA.[2][3][4][5]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsMedical uses[edit]Pharmacology[edit]Chemistry[edit]Society and culture[edit]Generic name[edit]Brand names[edit]References[edit]Medical uses[edit]GABOB is an anticonvulsant and is used in the treatment of epilepsy.[1][2]Pharmacology[edit]GABOB is a GABA receptor agonist.[6] It has two stereoisomers, and shows stereoselectivity in its actions.[6] Specifically, (R)-(\u2013)-GABOB is a moderate-potency agonist of the GABAB receptor, while (S)-(+)-GABOB is a partial agonist of the GABAB receptor and an agonist of the GABAA receptor.[6] (S)-(+)-GABOB is around twice as potent an anticonvulsant as (R)-(\u2013)-GABOB.[7] GABOB is used medically as a racemic mixture.[6]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Relative to GABA, GABOB has more potent inhibitory effects on the central nervous system, perhaps due to its greater capacity to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier.[5][8] However, GABOB is of relatively low potency as an anticonvulsant when used by itself, and is more useful as an adjuvant treatment used alongside another anticonvulsant.[9][10]Chemistry[edit]GABOB, or \u03b2-hydroxy-GABA, is a close structural analogue of GABA (see GABA analogue), as well as of \u03b3-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), phenibut (\u03b2-phenyl-GABA), baclofen (\u03b2-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA),[11] and pregabalin (\u03b2-isobutyl-GABA).Society and culture[edit]Generic name[edit]GABOB has been referred to by the generic name buxamine or buxamina.[1][6]Brand names[edit]GABOB is sold primarily under the brand name Gamibetal.[1] It has also been marketed under a variety of other brand names including Aminoxan, Bogil, Diastal, Gabimex, Gabomade, Gaboril, Gamalate, and Kolpo.[1][12]References[edit]^ a b c d e Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp.\u00a044\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-3-88763-075-1.^ a b c Michael Bryant Smith (23 October 2013). Methods of Non-\u03b1-Amino Acid Synthesis, Second Edition. CRC Press. pp.\u00a0146\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-1-4665-7789-3.^ Jack R. Cooper; Floyd E. Bloom; Robert H. Roth (2003). The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology. Oxford University Press. pp.\u00a0112\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-0-19-514007-1.^ Melis, Gian B.; Paoletti, A. M.; Mais, V.; Mastrapasqua, N. M.; Strigini, F.; Fruzzetti, F.; Guarnieri, G.; Gambacciani, M.; Fioretti, P. (2014). “Dose-related effects of \u03b3-amino \u03b2-hydroxy butyric acid (GABOB) infusion on growth hormone secretion in normal women”. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 5 (2): 101\u2013106. doi:10.1007\/BF03350499. ISSN\u00a00391-4097. PMID\u00a07096918. S2CID\u00a071239193.^ a b Hayashi, Takashi (1959). “The inhibitory action of \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b3-aminobutyric acid upon the seizure following stimulation of the motor cortex of the dog”. The Journal of Physiology. 145 (3): 570\u2013578. doi:10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006163. ISSN\u00a00022-3751. PMC\u00a01356963. PMID\u00a013642322.^ a b c d e Giancarlo Colombo (17 January 2017). GABAB Receptor. Springer. pp.\u00a025\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-3-319-46044-4.^ Roberts E, Krause DN, Wong E, Mori A (1981). “Different Efficacies of d- and l-\u03b3-Amino-\u03b2-Hydroxybutyric Acids in GABA Receptor and Transport Test Systems”. Journal of Neuroscience. 1 (2): 132\u2013140. doi:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.01-02-00132.1981. PMC\u00a06564147. PMID\u00a06267220.^ De Maio, D.; Pasquariello, G. (1963). “Gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB) and brain serotonin”. Psychopharmacologia. 5 (1): 84\u201386. doi:10.1007\/BF00405577. ISSN\u00a00033-3158. PMID\u00a014085623. S2CID\u00a01436623.^ Chemello R, Giaretta D, Pellegrini A, Testa G (1980). “[Effect of gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (GABHB) on experimentally-induced epileptic activity]” [Effect of \u03b3-amino-\u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid (GABHB) on experimentally-induced epileptic activity]. Rivista di Neurologia (in Italian). 50 (4): 253\u2013268. PMID\u00a07466221.^ Garc\u00eda-Flores E, Far\u00edas R (1997). “\u03b3-Amino-\u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid as add-on therapy in adult patients with severe focal epilepsy”. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 69 (1\u20134 Pt 2): 243\u20136. doi:10.1159\/000099882. PMID\u00a09711762.^ Lapin I (2001). “Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): a tranquilizer and nootropic drug”. CNS Drug Rev. 7 (4): 471\u201381. doi:10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x. PMC\u00a06494145. PMID\u00a011830761.^ Muller (19 June 1998). European Drug Index: European Drug Registrations, Fourth Edition. CRC Press. pp.\u00a0181\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-3-7692-2114-5.IonotropicGABAAPositive modulators (abridged; see here for a full list): \u03b1-EMTBLAlcohols (e.g., drinking alcohol, 2M2B)Anabolic steroidsAvermectins (e.g., ivermectin)Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide)Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate)CarbamazepineChloraloseChlormezanoneClomethiazoleDihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))EtazepineEtifoxineFenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid)Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin, hispidulin)FluoxetineFlupirtineImidazoles (e.g., etomidate)Kava constituents (e.g., kavain)LanthanumLoreclezoleMonastrolNeuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone, cholesterol, THDOC)NiacinNiacinamideNonbenzodiazepines (e.g., \u03b2-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon))NorfluoxetinePetrichloralPhenols (e.g., propofol)PhenytoinPiperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide)PropanididPyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate)Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone)Retigabine (ezogabine)ROD-188Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin)StiripentolSulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal))TopiramateValerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid)Volatiles\/gases (e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, diethyl ether, paraldehyde, sevoflurane)Negative modulators: 1,3M1B3M2B11-Ketoprogesterone17-Phenylandrostenol\u03b15IA (LS-193,268)\u03b2-CCB\u03b2-CCE\u03b2-CCM\u03b2-CCP\u03b2-EMGBLAnabolic steroidsAmilorideAnisatin\u03b2-Lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)BasmisanilBemegrideBicyclic phosphates (TBPS, TBPO, IPTBO)BIDNBilobalideBupropionCHEBChlorophenylsilatraneCicutoxinCloflubicyneCyclothiazideDHEADHEA-SDieldrin(+)-DMBBDMCMDMPCEBOBEtbicyphatFG-7142 (ZK-31906)Fiproles (e.g., fipronil)Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone, oroxylin A)FlumazenilFluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)FlurothylFurosemideGolexanoloneIomazenil (123I)IPTBOIsopregnanolone (sepranolone)L-655,708LaudanosineLeptazolLindaneMaxiPostMorphineMorphine-3-glucuronideMRK-016NaloxoneNaltrexoneNicardipineNonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide)OenanthotoxinPentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)PhenylsilatranePicrotoxin (i.e., picrotin, picrotoxinin and dihydropicrotoxinin)Pregnenolone sulfatePropybicyphatPWZ-029RadequinilRo 15-4513Ro 19-4603RO4882224RO4938581SarmazenilSCSSuritozoleTB-21007TBOBTBPSTCS-1105TerbequinilTETSThujoneU-93631ZincZK-93426GABAA-\u03c1Metabotropic     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric-acid-wikipedia-5\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid – Wikipedia"}}]}]